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Precautions for paraplegic patients?
Traumatic paraplegia patients are mostly young adults, which often causes heavy psychological and life burden to patients and their families. Family rehabilitation nursing can improve the quality of life of paraplegic patients, reduce the burden on society and families, and make them become useful people to society again. Psychological nursing After the patients with traumatic paraplegia were treated to restore the stability of the spine, their physical condition gradually stabilized, and they gradually denied and admitted the reality of their paraplegia and began to think about their future life. At this time, patients are often depressed, unwilling to talk with others, and have a strong sense of inferiority. Patients think that they have become disabled and become a burden to their families and society, so they are worried all the time, even refuse treatment and eating, and often have suicidal tendencies. Others don't believe that they will be paraplegic forever, go to the hospital indiscriminately, constantly seek various treatment methods, and even cause other injuries due to improper treatment. In view of the patient's psychological state at this time, the family members should actively guide and explain his illness step by step, so that the patient can fully understand his current situation, face the reality calmly and establish confidence and courage in life. Urinary care, after spinal cord injury, the patient's micturition function is out of control of the brain, and the central level is reduced, which makes the micturition function disordered or lost, showing urinary retention. When the urine in the bladder accumulates and the pressure increases, the urine will automatically overflow and the patient can't control it. Moreover, there is a lot of residual urine in the bladder, which is easy to cause urinary tract infection. At this time, patients should be trained to urinate, and urine should be released and bladder should be emptied regularly during catheterization to maintain the volume of bladder. After removing the catheter, massage the bladder regularly to control urination. You can slowly push down from the lower abdomen from light to heavy until the urine in the bladder is completely discharged. Skin care, paraplegic patients are prone to bedsores due to loss of skin sensation below paraplegic plane and poor neurotrophic function. Therefore, it is very important to turn over and massage the skin regularly. Patients should be encouraged to massage the skin of the compressed parts regularly, and practice moving the lower limbs to turn over, sitting up in bed, supporting the trunk with both hands and lifting the buttocks to reduce local oppression. In order to prevent infection, paraplegic patients are prone to upper respiratory tract and urinary tract infections and bedsores due to inconvenient movement, long bed stay and little outdoor activities. Patients should be encouraged to actively exercise their upper limbs in bed. Such as using dumbbells, tensioners, bed handles, etc. And should take a wheelchair to participate in outdoor activities as soon as possible to enhance physical resistance and reduce the chance of infection. Diet care, paraplegic patients often suffer from constipation due to uncoordinated anal sphincter, long-term bed rest and slow intestinal peristalsis. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the diet. Patients should eat more fruits, vegetables and foods rich in cellulose, and should not rely on laxatives and anal suppositories. In addition, we should pay attention to food hygiene and nutrition, prevent overeating and avoid diarrhea caused by improper diet. Because paraplegic patients lose control of their stools and are inconvenient to move, once diarrhea occurs, it will bring a lot of trouble to patients and their families. Safety nursing, paraplegia patients lose skin sensation and have difficulty in moving. At ordinary times, we should not only prevent accidental injuries such as burns, falls and bumps, but also prevent self-injury and suicide. When unattended, all kinds of instruments should be convenient for patients to access and the items should be placed firmly. Patients should also have a sense of self-protection and consciously adjust their psychological emotions. Functional exercise, due to the loss of limb motor function below paraplegia level, is prone to muscle atrophy, joint stiffness or flexion contracture, foot drop and so on. We should not only help patients to exercise their limbs passively, but also maintain the functional position of joints, such as keeping the ankle joint at about 90 degrees to prevent sagging. According to the requirements of rehabilitation and the patient's situation and interest, gradually increase the intensity of training and increase the coordinated training of muscle strength and nervous system. Exercise patients can turn over independently, put on clothes, pants, shoes and socks, handle menstruation, urinate by themselves, and do not need to be accompanied.