The above are ten Mahonia leaves, also known as cypress leaves, which are mainly distributed in Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei and western Sichuan. The main ingredient is berberine, which tastes bitter and cold. Has the effects of clearing away heat, tonifying deficiency, relieving cough and resolving phlegm. It is suitable for tuberculosis, hemoptysis, bone steaming, hot flashes, dizziness, tinnitus, vexation and red eyes. Basic information drug name: ten Mahonia leaf spelling: Latin name ten Mahonia bealei(Fort. ) Carl (ten leaves of Mahonia); ② Ten contributions. ) Fedde (ten Mahonia leaves); (3) Japan's top ten contributions. )DC。 (Ten Mahonia leaves in South China) Source: Dicotyledonous leaves. Efficacy: clearing away heat and tonifying deficiency, relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Indications: tuberculosis, hemoptysis, bone steaming, hot flashes, dizziness, tinnitus, backache, leg weakness, vexation and red eyes. Sexual taste and orientation: bitter and cold; "New Ginseng": "Bitter, cold." Into the liver, stomach and large intestine; Continuation of Materia Medica: "Entering Lung Meridian." Usage and dosage: Oral administration: decocted, 2 ~ 3 yuan. Avoid medication: use with caution for those with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold. Compatibility of drugs: it is used together with Cynanchum atratum to clear lung heat, cool blood and remove steaming; With terminalia chebula, astringe the lung to relieve cough, relieve sore throat and open throat; Coptidis Rhizoma is used to treat furuncle and swelling; Using rhubarb can clear away heat and detoxify. Alias: Mahonia leaf (new ginseng decoction pieces). Name of prescription: Mahonia leaf, Mahonia leaf, Mahonia leaf. ① Ten contributions of broad-leaved trees are also called: phellodendron amurense, phellodendron amurense, phellodendron amurense, phellodendron amurense, Phyllostachys pubescens and rattan. (2) Ten offerings of thin leaves, also known as Maoertou, Inverted Mountain, Huangtianzhu and Narrow Leaves. ③ Prescription name of ten Mahonia leaves in South China, trade name of ten Mahonia leaves: broad-leaved ten Mahonia leaves: also known as leaves of phellodendron amurense, phellodendron amurense, coptis chinensis and acanthopanax giraldii, which are leaves of ten Mahonia plants with wide leaves. Location: Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangxi and other places. Ten Mahonia leaves with thin leaves are also known as ten Mahonia leaves with narrow leaves, Maotou, Daogua Mountain leaves, yellow bamboo leaves and so on. In order to plant the leaves of Mahonia, the leaves of Mahonia are superior leaves. Location: Zhejiang, Hubei and Sichuan. The leaves of ten Mahonia in South China are the leaves of ten Mahonia in South China. Location: Yunnan, Fujian and other places. The ten Mahonia leaves are also called the ten Mahonia leaves. It is a general term for all kinds of ten Mahonia leaves. The leaves are large, complete, dry and free of impurities. Medicinal information: the roots, stems and fruits of the above three plants are also used as medicine, each with a detailed article. Distribution of animal and plant resources: ① Ten contributions of broad-leaved trees: distributed in South China, Central China and East China. ② Ten contributions: distributed in Sichuan, Hubei, Zhejiang and other places. ③ Top Ten Contributions of South China: Distributed in South and Southwest China. Collection and storage of medicinal materials: autumn harvest. Latin name: original plant ① Ten contributions (fort. ) Carl. ② Ten contributions. ) Fedde, ③ Top Ten Contributions (Thunb. )DC。 Processing method: Wash leaves and dry them in the shade for later use. Textual research: from "Revival of Materia Medica" and "Textual research on plant names": "Ten contributions make people believe. Cluster, hard stems straight and black, leaves lined up. They are bright and strong, and their teeth are like thorns. The growth of the tip must be counted, and the knot is small and solid, like caviar. " "The other one has slender leaves, short teeth and no thorns, and flowers are clustered like caviar orchids." Identification of medicinal materials ① Mahonia latifolia leaves are oval, with sharp spikes at the top, heart-shaped or nearly truncated at the base, with 2-8 spiny teeth on both sides of the edge, the tips of which are slightly curved towards the back of the leaves, with purple-green luster at the top and yellow-green at the bottom, hard and brittle; The smell is weak and the taste is light. ② The leaves of Mahonia tenuifolia are narrowly lanceolate, with 6 ~ 13 spines on both sides of the edge, and the rest are the same as the former species. The above medicinal materials are produced in Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi. (3) The medicinal properties of the ten Mahonia leaves in South China are the same as those of the ten Mahonia leaves with broad leaves. Used in Fujian and Yunnan. According to the ten contributions recorded in Textual Research on Plant Names, Berberidaceae is the above-mentioned plant, but at present, only a few areas such as Zhejiang and Jiangxi have medicinal materials, and some people in Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi also use them. Ten Contributions to Tibet-Leaves of Ten Contributions are used in Tibet. As for the ten Mahonia leaves widely used in the market, they are Hollyleaf Ilex. Edit this paragraph, the top ten contributions, the second edition, and the basic information comes from "Materia Medica Rejuvenation". Pinyin name Shí Dà Gōnɡ Láo Yè English name Leaf of Leaf Mahonia, Chinese ten Mahonia leaves, Japanese ten Mahonia leaves alias ten Mahonia leaves Source: ten Mahonia leaves (Fort. ) Carl. Ten broad-leaved trees of Berberidaceae. Latin animal and plant mineral name: 1. Ten contributions. ) 2. Ten contributions. ) collection and storage: it can be picked all year round and dried for later use. Original form: 1 Evergreen shrub of Mahonia latifolia, elevation 1-4m. The stem surface is yellow or brown, rough and yellow in section. Leaves alternate, thickly leathery, stipitate and enlarged at the base; Odd-pinnate compound leaves, 25-40 cm long, 7- 15 lobules, lateral ten Mahonia leaves, sessile, wide oval, different sizes, 4- 12 cm long, 2.5-4.5 cm wide, terminal lobules larger, petiolate, tapering at the top, wide wedge-shaped or nearly round at the base. Racemes are born at the top of stems, erect, 5- 10 cm long, 6-9 clusters, bracteoles1; Sepals 9, arranged in three rows; Flowers yellow-brown, petals 6, rectangular, apex 2-lobed, base with 2 dense glands; Strong core 6; The pistil 1 berry is ovoid, about 5mm in diameter, blue-black at maturity, and covered with white powder. The flowering period is August-June 65438+1October, and the fruiting period is June10-June 65438+February. 2. Mahonia tenuifolia evergreen shrub, elevation 1-2m. The stem is erect, the bark is gray and multi-branched. Leaves alternate; Odd pinnate compound leaves; The petiole base is enlarged; The leaves are leathery, with 5- 13 leaflets, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, 6- 12 cm long and 0.7- 1.5 cm wide. The tip is long and sharp, the base is wedge-shaped, and there are 6- 13 spiny serrations on both sides of the edge. The appearance of the upper is new dark green and shiny. The veins of leaves are derived from basic therapy. Racemes are extracted from the axils of the apical dental scales, 3-6 cm long, with involucres at the base of pedicels, which are oval triangles; Sepals 9, petaloid; Petals 6, yellow, rectangular, entire; Stamens 6, filaments linear, anthers valved; Ovary ovoid, without style, stigma capitate. Berries are ovoid, mature fruits are ovoid, blue-black when mature, and the surface is covered with white powder. The flowering period is from July to August, and the fruiting period is 8- 10. Ecological environment of habitat distribution: 1. Born in shrubs on sunny slopes, it is also cultivated. 2. Born in thickets and roadsides on hillsides. Also planted in the garden. The resource allocation is 1. It is distributed in western Guangxi, An Wei, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and other places. 2. Distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and other places. Ten contributions of broadleaf cultivation: 1. The climate and soil are cool, and loose and fertile sandy loam or alluvial soil is better. 2. Seed propagation for planting, seedling raising and transplanting. Sowing in Sichuan is in March. Knock the soil down and make a bed with a width of 1.3 meters as a seedbed. Then a horizontal ditch was made on the boundary, with a distance of 25cm and a depth of about 7cm. Sprinkle seeds, about 40-50 kg seeds per mu, apply pig manure water, and finally cover with fine soil with a thickness of 3 cm. After 2-3 years of cultivation, the seedlings can be transplanted with a height of about 33cm. In March and April, soil preparation will be carried out to open the border with a width of 1.3 m, and holes will be opened at a spacing of about 33 cm between rows, with each hole 1 plant covered with soil, compacted, flush with the border surface and watered. 3. Manage the seedling raising period in the field, intertillage and weed 3 times a year, in May, July and September. Topdressing twice, after coring in May and September. After transplanting, intertillage weeds 2-3 times a year, topdressing 1 time, and pig manure water is suitable as fertilizer. Character 1. Sex identification leaves are oval in width, about 4- 12cm in length and 2.5-8cm in width, with wide wedge-shaped or nearly round base, asymmetrical, tapering top, slightly curled edge, 2-8 spiny serrations on both sides, green and shiny upper surface and light yellow-green lower surface; Thick leather. Petiole short or absent. Light breath and bitter taste. Microscopic identification of leaf cross section: the upper epidermal cells are 1 row, some of them contain reddish-brown substances, covered by cuticle, which can reach 8um thick, while the lower epidermal cells are 1 row, with more stomata. There are 1-2 rows of fibers inside the upper and lower epidermis, which are polygonal and slightly lignified. The palisade cells are 1-3 rows, passing through the main vein. Sponge cells contain calcium oxalate crystals. The vascular bundle 3 of the main vein is tough, with many fiber rings outside, and the fibers below are often connected with the fiber dimensions in the lower epidermis. Berberine is contained in the chemical constituents of Mahonia latifolia leaves. The leaves of Mahonia of the same genus contain jatrorrhizine, berberine, palmatine and honokiol. The leaves of Mahonia in South China contain tetrandrine, berberine, tetrandrine, jatrorrhizine and magnolin. Pharmacological action 1. Antibacterial effect: 25% Mahonia latifolia decoction has a slight inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. 2. Alkaloids such as jatrorrhizine thiocyanate, tetrahydrojatrorrhizine -N- methyl thiocyanate and palmatine thiocyanate can promote the spontaneous movement of isolated intestine at low concentration (0.00 1-0.002%), while at high concentration (above 0.0 1%), it can lead to increased tension and exercise inhibition. For isolated frog hearts, jatrorrhizine was inhibited first and then excited, while tetrandrine was slightly excited. For anesthetized rabbits, 3. Blood pressure: intravenous injection of these alkaloids can cause short-term or mild blood pressure drop. It has no obvious effect on the blood vessels of toad hind limbs. Their hypotensive effect seems to have nothing to do with the central nervous system (there is no hypotensive effect when vertebral artery is injected, and the pressor reflex caused by blocking carotid blood flow and trachea is not affected), but it is not affected by atropine, but it can inhibit the pressor effect of adrenaline. 4. In the anti-cancer screening test of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, it was found that tetrandrine contained in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma has anti-cancer effect. 5. Others: It has no effect on sciatic nerve, gastrocnemius specimen, body temperature and blood sugar. , and will not hemolyze. South China's top ten contributions, including berberine, see the role of Coptis chinensis. Toxicity LD50 of three alkaloids (jatrorrhizine thiocyanate, tetrahydrojatrorrhizine -N- methyl thiocyanate and palmatine thiocyanate) proposed from Mahonia tenuifolia were 0. 1, 0.08 and 0.098mg/ 10g respectively. Identification and physical and chemical identification (1) Take about 0. 1g of the crude powder of this product, add 5ml 1% HCl, soak it at water temperature 15min, and add a few drops of potassium bismuth iodide to the filtrate to form an orange-red precipitate. 2. Take 65438 0 g powder of this product by TLC, add 65438±00ml ethanol, cold soak for 30min, add vibration and shake, and filter the filtrate for later use. In addition, berberine hydrochloride and ethanol were dissolved into a control solution containing 0.5-1 ml. Each 10ul point of the above two solutions was placed on the same silica gel H-CMC thin-layer plate, which was developed with n-butanol-glacial acetic acid-water (7: 1: 2) at a distance of 10cm, taken out and dried, and observed under a 254nm ultraviolet analytical lamp. The chromatogram of the test sample shows the same yellow spots at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample. Processing drug information, cleaning leaves, and drying in the shade. Bitter in nature; Cold nature belongs to the liver; Stomach; Lung; The function of the large intestine meridian is mainly to clear away heat and tonify deficiency; Dry-wet alternation; Detoxify. Major pulmonary tuberculosis and hemoptysis; Bone steaming hot flashes; Dizziness and tinnitus; Waist soreness and leg weakness; Damp-heat jaundice; Take it down; Dysentery; Wind-heat cold; Eyes red and swollen; Usage and dosage of carbuncle, swelling and sore poison: decocted, 6-9g. External use: take appropriate amount, grind it into powder and apply it. San Qian, one of the top ten heroes, treated toothache due to wind-fire with attached prescriptions with caution. Put it in water. Take one dose every day, and if the pain is severe, take two doses. (Various expositions of Jiangxi Materia Medica 1. Herbal rejuvenation: treating fatigue and cough. 2. Textual Research on Plant Names and Facts: Ten Contributions, Guangxin. Clustered, hard stems are straight and black, facing the leaves, shiny and strong, serrated like thorns, with several stems at the top, small and solid as caviar. The other kind, with slender leaves, short teeth and no thorns, blooms in clusters, such as caviar orchids. ..... because of vomiting blood. 3. "New ginseng decoction pieces": treating lung fatigue, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, relieving deficiency and heat, and killing insects. 4. "Modern and practical Chinese medicine": a strong aphrodisiac. Its efficacy is similar to that of Ligustrum lucidum, and it is suitable for hot flashes, bone steaming, backache and knee weakness, dizziness and tinnitus. 5. "Lu Chuan Ben Cao". Purge fire and reduce fever. Treat fever, fever, upset, diarrhea and pinkeye. 6. "Chinese herbal medicines commonly used in Tibet": it is used to treat damp-heat dysentery, red eyes, swelling and pain, and carbuncle.