The Book of Changes is the oldest book in China culture, and it is known as the head of the group classics and the source of the avenue.

Einstein said: "Many achievements made by western scientists were made by ancient scientists in China. What is the reason? One of the reasons is that ancient scientists studied Zhouyi from an early age and mastered a set of golden keys to open the cosmic maze that ancient western scientists never mastered. "

For ordinary people, Zhouyi is a book of survival and a life guide that can be studied from time to time.

Sixty-four hexagrams are actually 64 kinds of problems or life situations, while 384 hexagrams are only 384 states of constant evolution, conflict and development. There are countless works on the annotation, interpretation and deduction of Zhouyi in history. However, the Book of Changes is nothing more than understanding and adapting to changes.

According to the Book of Changes, if you don't live in the same place, there are six shortcomings in the cycle, which are impermanent up and down, rigid and flexible. It can be said that one of the advantages of reading Zhouyi is that you can learn ways to constantly adapt to the real world.

2. The Analects of Confucius: Be a good person

The Analects of Confucius, as the most authoritative work to record Confucius' thoughts, words and deeds, is the foundation of Confucianism and Confucianism.

Zhao Pu, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, once said, "Half of the Analects of Confucius can rule the world". Zhu called it "the door of enlightenment, the foundation of virtue accumulation" and listed it as the first of the "four books".

Qian Mu said that today's China scholars should bear two major responsibilities. One is to read The Analects by yourself, and the other is to persuade people to read The Analects.

The idea of "taking benevolence as the core and harmony as the most important" in The Analects of Confucius constructs the basic spirit of the Chinese nation's ritual and music culture.

Learn the Analects of Confucius, understand the essence of Confucianism, learn to be a man and do things, understand the extremely bright and moderate way of being a man, and open up wisdom for self-cultivation and life.

3. "Mencius": Cultivate integrity and integrity

Zhao Qi in the Han Dynasty compared Mencius to The Analects of Confucius, and thought that Mencius was a work imitating saints.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu called Mencius, The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean the Four Books.

Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been regarded as a family heirloom. Just like textbooks now.

Mencius is the longest and heaviest of the four books, with more than 35 thousand words. From then until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "Four Books" had been a compulsory part of the imperial examination.

Mencius' theory is not only pure and broad, but also full of heroic beauty.

"Wealth can't be immoral, poverty can't move, and power can't bend. This is called a gentleman. "

4. "Recent thoughts": poor things, do good things.

Many people are biased against Neo-Confucianism, which is considered as "preserving justice and destroying human desires". In fact, Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism and Yangming Neo-Confucianism are two peaks after the pre-Qin philosophers.

Jin Lusi is a mature theoretical form of China's ancient Confucian ideology and culture, which represents the development level of ancient ideology and culture.

According to Zhu and Lu's neo-Confucianism, this book, from the world noumenon generated by the universe to the sage's spirit in Kong Yan's music, follows the principles of being poor in things, preserving the truth, changing the good with the right heart, cultivating oneself and returning to the ceremony, keeping the house orderly, conforming to ethics, and even ruling the country and leveling the world, and the ancient saint-king ritual system, and then criticizes heresy and clarifies the principle of saint orthodoxy. The main contents of Neo-Confucianism are comprehensively expounded.

The book also records the reading methods of Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Zhang Zai, which is very instructive for us to read the Bible today.

5, "Practice Book": Unity of knowing and doing, calming people's hearts.

Biography is a philosophical work written by Wang Shouren, a Chinese philosopher in Ming Dynasty and a representative of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, and is called Mr. Yangming.

This book records his quotations and letters about learning. The etymology of "Chuan" comes from "Chuan Hu" in The Analects of Confucius. This means that the professor's research should be tried and practiced repeatedly.

Biography contains Wang Yangming's main philosophical thoughts and is an important material for studying Wang Yangming's thoughts and psychological development. The first volume was reviewed by Wang Yangming himself, and the letters in the middle volume were written by Wang Yangming in his later years. Although the second volume was not reviewed by himself, it elaborated his thoughts in his later years in detail.

This handbook contains all the important ideas of Wang Xue. The first volume expounds the viewpoint of the unity of knowledge and action, that is, the mind is rational, the mind is irrational, there is nothing outside the heart, the intention is material, and the material is real kung fu. He emphasized that the study of saints is the study of body and mind, with the emphasis on understanding and doing, and it can never be regarded as pure learning, but only spoken and heard.

6. Classic of Tao Te Ching: Understanding Heaven is the ultimate virtue of Ming people.

Tao Te Ching is a philosophical work of Laozi (Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as the moral truth, with five thousand words and five thousand articles by Laozi. It is a work of China before the separation of the pre-Qin philosophers in ancient times, and it is an important source of Taoist philosophy.

Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The first part of the original text is the Tao Te Ching, and the second part is the Tao Te Ching, without chapters. Later, it was changed to the Tao Te Ching in the first 37 chapters, and the Tao Te Ching in the last 38 chapters, divided into 8 1 chapters.

The text of Tao Te Ching takes "morality" in the philosophical sense as the main line, and discusses the ways of self-cultivation, governing the country, using troops and keeping in good health, but most of them aim at politics. It is the so-called "inner sage and outer king" theory, which has profound meaning and wide tolerance and is known as the king of all classics.

Tao Te Ching is one of the greatest works in the history of China, which has a profound influence on traditional philosophy, science, politics and religion. According to the statistics of UNESCO, the Tao Te Ching is the most widely translated and published cultural masterpiece except the Bible.

7, "Zhuangzi": Beyond things, settle down.

Zhuangzi, also known as Nanhuajing, is a Taoist classic written by Zhuangzi in the middle of the Warring States Period and his later period. After the Han Dynasty, he was honored as a classic of the South China, and Zhuangzi was named as a true man of the South China. His books, Laozi and Zhouyi are called "San Xuan". Zhuangzi mainly embodies Zhuangzi's critical philosophy, art, aesthetics and so on. Its content is rich and profound, involving philosophy, life, politics, society, art, world outlook and many other aspects.

Zhuangzi, Gui Zang, Four Classics of Huangdi and Laozi are several original classics of the Chinese nation. They are not only important carriers of philosophy and culture, but also the crystallization of ancient sages' wisdom about literature, aesthetics, art and aesthetics. Zhuangzi and other Taoist thoughts have historically been regarded as official learning and Taoism besides Confucianism.

Feng Youlan, a master of philosophy, summed up Zhuangzi's thought: "Wandering around and talking about homogeneity;" Beyond the image, in the ring. "Beyond the image, it is the key to everything.

Zhuangzi is not only a philosophical masterpiece, but also a fable masterpiece in literature and aesthetics. But also exerted an inseparable and far-reaching influence on the development of China's literature and aesthetics.

8, "Six Ancestors Tanjing": Seeing sex in the heart, seeing sex as Buddha.

The Six Ancestors Tanjing is "China's first vernacular work".

It completely recorded Huineng's life story and inspired his disciples' words and deeds. Rich in content and popular in writings, it is an important basis for studying the origin of Zen thought.

The central idea of the Six Ancestors' Tanjing is the Buddhist theory of "regarding nature as Buddha" or "mind as Buddha" and the practice view of "seeing nature with an epiphany". Reading the altar sutra is a way to cultivate one's mind, listen to the instructions from heaven and earth, and listen to the instructions from the deepest part of one's heart.

9. The purest poetry.

China is a country with a poetic nature in its bones and a tradition of poetry for thousands of years, and the collection of poems cannot be absent. Of course, this quota should be given to the top-grade and far-reaching Book of Songs.

The Book of Songs is the beginning of China's ancient poems and the earliest collection of poems. Collected poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period (1 1 century to the 6th century), including * * * 31/first, reflecting the social outlook of about 500 years from the early Zhou Dynasty to the weekend.

The author of The Book of Songs is anonymous, and most of them cannot be verified. They were collected by Yin Jifu and edited by Confucius.

The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode.

"Wind" is a ballad of Zhou Dynasty. Elegant music is the official music of Zhou people, which is divided into harmony and elegance. Ode is a musical song used for sacrificial rites in Zhou and noble ancestral temples, which is divided into ode to, and ode to Shang.

Confucius once summarized the purpose of the Book of Songs as "innocence" and educated his disciples to read the Book of Songs as their standard of speech and action.

Among the pre-Qin philosophers, many people quoted The Book of Songs, such as Mencius, Xunzi, Mozi, Zhuangzi and Han Feizi. Quote the sentences in the Book of Songs to enhance your persuasiveness.

The Book of Songs is rich in content, reflecting labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feasting, and even astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals and plants. It is a mirror of the social life of the Zhou Dynasty.

10, "Historical Records": Knowing people from the sky and knowing the present from the past.

China is an ancient civilization that attaches great importance to history and has the most complete historical records in the world. Historical classics cannot be absent. Among them, the most influential is undoubtedly Historical Records.

Historical Records is a biographical history book written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty. It is the first biographical general history in the history of China, and is listed as the first of the "Twenty-four History", which records the history from the legendary Huangdi era to the Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty for four years and more than three thousand years. Together with The History of the Later Han Dynasty, The History of the Later Han Dynasty and The History of the Three Kingdoms, they are called "the first four histories".

His original biographical method of compiling history was passed down by the "official history" of later generations. Historical Records is also an excellent literary work, which occupies an important position in the history of China literature. It is praised by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, and Li Sao has no rhyme", which has high literary value.

The characters created in this book are vivid and unforgettable, which reveals us the hard-won eternal truth of success or failure; "From ancient times to the present", the ups and downs of the past dynasties are also clearly displayed in the cycle of the fate of characters and the changes of the times; The word of "getting married" is not a simple modesty, but a kind of awe of heaven and detachment from fate after seeing the success or failure of ups and downs.