Cultural relics protection units in Henan province. Located at the southern end of Dongguan New Street in Luoyang Old Town. Commonly known as the East Hall. It was originally built by merchants from Lu 'an Prefecture and Zezhou Prefecture in Shanxi Province, and it was a meeting place for merchants from Lu 'an and Zezhou in Luoyang at that time. There are dance buildings, east-west annex rooms, bell and drum towers, main halls, east-west annex rooms, back buildings and east-west wing rooms, most of which are architectural remains of the Qing Dynasty. There are also two pairs of stone lions, such as several ancient stone tablets and surrounding walls. Now it is Luoyang Folk Museum.
Luoyang was ruled by Henan government in Qing Dynasty. Although Kyoto has lost its glorious position at this time, it is still an important land and water transportation hub in China because it is located in the Central Plains, connected to Shaanxi and Gansu in the west, connected to Daqi Shandong in the east, and connected to Yan, Jin, Wu and Chu in the north until the opening of the Beijing-Guangzhou and Longhai railways in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants set each other off and played an important role in the national commercial and financial life. Luoyang is the only place where Shanxi merchants go south, Huizhou merchants go north and Shaanxi merchants go east. There are two ancient buildings in the old city of Luoyang. One is the Shanshan Guild Hall, which was built during the Kang Yong period of the Qing Dynasty and was built by wealthy businessmen from Shanxi and Shaanxi. First, Luze Guild Hall, built in the 9th year of Qianlong (A.D. 1744), raised funds for merchants in Lu 'an and Zezhou provinces of Shanxi. Lu 'an now belongs to Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, about 200 kilometers away from Luoyang. Zezhou is in Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, about120km away from Luoyang. These two places are located in the southeast of Shanxi, facing Luoyang across the river. Therefore, it is natural for merchants from Shandong and Ze to build fellow townsmen's guildhall in Luoyang in the Qing Dynasty as an important building for them to go south to the Jianghuai area after crossing Wangfu and the Yellow River.
In Ming and Qing Dynasties, Luoyang was developed in commerce, and merchants gathered in all directions. Mongolia's fur, Xinjiang's jade, Shandong's sea salt and silk reeling, Anhui's Xuan paper and Hui ink, Suzhou and Hangzhou's embroidery and gauze, Jiangxi's porcelain, Guangdong's iron products, Fujian and Yunnan's tea and sugar all gathered in Luoyang and distributed in all directions. Due to the lack of literature on commercial trade in Luoyang in Ming and Qing Dynasties, there are a large number of Qing Dynasty silver ingots and ingots in Luoyang Central Sub-branch and Cultural Relics Department of the People's Bank of China, including Qixian, Jiexiu, Linfen, Chang 'an, Fufeng, Sanyuan, Liquan, Shouguang, Rongcheng, Fengtai, Lin 'an (Hangzhou), Shanghai Deyin Bureau, Shandong Yanwu Branch and Zheng Ke, Huainan.
At that time, traffic in Luoyang mainly depended on Liangjing Avenue and Chu Jin Tunnel. Liangjing Avenue is the avenue from Luoyang to Xi 'an. It can reach Qinghai and Xinjiang along the ancient Silk Road in the west and Shandong coastal areas in the east. Longhai Railway basically coincides with this avenue, which is a thousand-year-old road of east-west traffic since Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Chu Jin Tunnel crosses the Yellow River from Shaanxi (via fenglingdu, Maojindu and Baihedu), passes Luoyang, Ruzhou, Lushan and Nanyang in the south, and reaches the areas of Hu, Guang, Jiang and Huai. At the same time, before the Republic of China, the water volume of the Luohe River was much larger than it is now. It can be shipped into the Yellow River, connected to the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to the east, and reached the Suzhou-Hangzhou area in the south of the Yangtze River.
Luze Guild Hall has a large scale and a reasonable layout, including a theater, a main hall, a back hall, a wing, etc., and is basically well preserved so far. At present, it is the largest ancient architectural complex in western Henan, and it is also a national key cultural relics protection unit. This year marks the 260th anniversary of the establishment of Luze Hall. Like Shanshan guild hall, it has experienced ups and downs. It is a treasure of cultural relics for us to study Luoyang's commerce, transportation and ancient buildings in the Qing Dynasty, and it is also a precious material for us to appreciate the style of Shanxi merchants in that year.
During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty (AD 1744), a number of magnificent buildings appeared in the dense blue brick houses in the old city of Luoyang, covering an area of more than 15,000 square meters and facing the Luohe River.
The complex has experienced drastic changes in regime change, bullets in the war of liberation, a narrow escape from the Cultural Revolution, and today it has become one of the few primitive buildings in Luoyang. Because of this, it has become a national key protection unit in Luoyang.
Luze Hall (now Luoyang Folk Museum) is one of the largest preserved ancient buildings in the Central Plains. It was built by Shanxi businessmen who lived in Luoyang that year. It was originally a Guandi Temple built to worship Guan Gong, and later it was changed to Lu Ze Hall. The building complex is strictly symmetrical to the central axis, facing south, with the theater, the main hall and the back hall on the axis in turn, as well as the east-west wing, the wing, the bell and drum tower and the east-west attached hall.
As soon as we entered the guild hall, we were attracted by the exquisite wood carvings on the theater floor. It is said that the essence of this group of ancient buildings is wood carvings decorated on the frame of the house. Almost all the components on each floor have wood carvings, especially wood truss, forehead, bucket arch, sparrows, baffles and columns under the eaves. People, animals, flowers, trees, pavilions, folk stories and so on. Carving techniques such as relief and through carving are used in wood carving, and the content can be divided into three categories: figures, animals and flowers.
There are eight immortals among the figures, carved in the east and west of the dance building, each holding the treasure of auspicious clouds; There is a golden man, engraved on the forehead of the bright room in the main hall. The man was dressed in golden armor, holding high with one hand and pressing on his hip with the other, imposing; On the forehead of the East Hall of the main hall, there is a very beautiful picture of returning home dressed in gold. In the picture, the old man looks cheerful, riding on a horse, followed by a buddhist nun, with a flower branch on his shoulder. On the forehead of the west room of the main hall, there is a picture of farm music engraved. This painting carves different scenes between square inches, such as a farmer holding a plow handle, a cow drinking water, and a fisherman wearing a straw hat, just like an idyllic painting with a strong flavor of life.
Among animals, dragons have the most wood carvings, especially those with large frames. The dragon carved at the sparrow on the east side of the main hall is the most typical one. The dragon's claws are holding the lotus leaf, and the lotus leaf is in his mouth. It seems to be savoring it carefully, and the whole carving is vivid. Followed by the phoenix, these phoenixes have different shapes and stand in the auspicious clouds, giving people a solemn and peaceful feeling. The carving of Kirin is also a decoration in the wooden frame. It is said that Kirin is a benevolent beast with virtue and a symbol of good luck and good luck. Kirin's shape is peculiar, and its horns, body, horseshoe and oxtail have their own characteristics. In addition, there are sculptures such as lions, sisters-in-law, horses, sheep, deer, long-tailed chickens and cranes. These birds and beasts are carved in layers by carving techniques, and at the same time they are vividly portrayed by exaggerated techniques. On the one hand, it decorated these classical buildings, on the other hand, it also played a role in strengthening and fixing the wooden frame.
Peony has the most patterns among flowers. Many places in the main hall, back hall and dance building have woodcarving works of art with peony as the theme. Peony flower is huge and elegant, which has always been a symbol of peace and wealth in the eyes of the ancients. It's gorgeous for carving ancient buildings. Grapes are carved in the back hall, and there is a clever little squirrel next to it. This combination of grapes and squirrels, which the folks call fruitful, constitutes an auspicious picture. There are many flowers-themed sculptures in Luze Guild Hall, such as lotus flowers with the meaning of fixing branches, flat peaches with the meaning of Magu's birthday, plum blossoms with the name of a gentleman, pine trees with the name of eternity, etc. , all have high carving skills.
In addition to wood carving, the stone carving art of the guild hall is also very distinctive, especially the pillar and cornerstone carving in the main hall, which is vivid, exquisite and rich.
Column base is a luxurious and beautiful stone member placed under the wooden column in order to increase the bearing surface and moisture resistance under the column. It is an important decorative part in ancient architecture. There are 142 stone pillars in Luze Guild Hall, with various shapes and vivid carvings, mainly rare birds, Swiss animals, flowers, herbs and geometric patterns.
The three groups of stone pillars in the Dance Building are very vivid. The golden-eyed beast carries the lotus, the lion carries the lotus and the unicorn carries the lotus. The body parts of the three animals are all square cylinders, and the upper part of the cylinder is painted with auspicious clouds A huge lotus with eight petals is set off on the moire, and the lotus throne supports the giant pillars. Outside each petal, the lotus flowers are painted by line carving. The heads, chests and forelegs of three animals are carved in front of the square cylinder, and the hips, tails and hind legs of three animals are carved in the back of the square cylinder. The three beasts stood upright on the ground, with quiet expressions and steady demeanor. These three groups of columns fully embody the imagination and superb skills of folk artist Superman.
The most typical and perfect stone pillar is located in the main hall. The six stone pillars on the front eaves are particularly distinctive, and the patterns of the six stone pillars are all composed of three layers. The upper layer is a double dragon drum, which is round from end to end and carved in relief as a whole. On the middle floor, six animals are carved on the drill floor. Six animals are legendary auspicious animals, which are composed of six kinds of animals: young elephant, young sheep, deer, lion, tiger and sister-in-law. Some of them go in and some go out, and they look very cute. The lower floor is covered with twelve lotus petals, each of which is carved with swallows, dragonflies, bats and butterflies in the form of bas-reliefs. In addition, there are four stone pillars on the east and west sides of the main hall, all of which are composed of three layers of stone carvings. The upper layer carved lotus, pomegranate, bamboo, orchid, plum blossom and chrysanthemum in bas-relief. Plum blossoms mean that they are not afraid of cold, orchids mean clean and elegant, bamboo means noble and upright, chrysanthemums mean clank and pride, pomegranate means many children and many blessings, and lotus means noble and clean. The birds and beasts with waist girding and carving spirit are composed of cranes, mandarin ducks, cows, turtles, monkeys, quails and carp. Crane represents longevity, mandarin duck represents harmony between husband and wife, turtle represents longevity, and quail represents peace.
The stone pillar sculpture of Luze Guild Hall has a wide range of materials and novel shapes. Most of them are the combination of birds and animals and auspicious plants, which move in silence and produce unique artistic effects, from which we can see the unique thoughts and superb skills of ancient artists.
Although Luze Hall is listed as a national cultural relic protection unit because of its nearly 300-year history and relatively good preservation, some of its essence has disappeared forever, and we can no longer see the painstaking efforts of handicraft art and craftsmen. The essence of this part is that the Kowloon Wall, Wenchang Building and Kuixing Building in front of the theater were all destroyed by the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.
The Kowloon Wall was originally located at the southernmost tip of the central axis of Luze Club. It faces north, about 10 meters high and about 8 meters wide. The wall is inlaid with hundreds of glazed components, which are luxuriously decorated. To the south of zhaobi, there is a double sumeru stone base, and the waist part is decorated with changeable longevity patterns. The wall is composed of three circular three-dimensional sculptures, which are inlaid with dragon playing with beads, fighting lions, fishing, firewood, farming and reading patterns in turn. There are two couplets embedded between the patterns and on both sides. The brilliance of the wall in the industry is comparable to wealth, and the thickness of the wall depends on the spirit. Its extension is to swallow Wu, Wei, Chang Yinjin, Qin and admire Guan Yu, a military commander. In the north of zhaobi, there is a double sumeru rock base with the same pattern as the south. Nine auspicious dragons are embedded in the middle of the wall, and the surrounding Kowloon is decorated with auspicious words, peonies and auspicious patterns.
The Nine Dragon Wall of Luze Club has high historical, scientific and artistic value. After more than 240 years of wind and rain, it encountered the great storm of the Cultural Revolution. It was demolished at the same time as the nearby Wenchang Pavilion and Kuixing Building.