The staple food should be quantitative, not to eat more or less;
Protein should be sufficient, while ensuring the intake of high-quality protein, such as fish, poultry, lean meat, eggs, bean products, skim milk, etc.
Eat less foods with high fat and cholesterol, such as fat, animal offal, skin, chocolate, fried food, broth, crab roe, etc. And beware of "invisible" fats, such as vegetable oil, nuts, whole milk and dairy products;
Ensure that vegetables are fresh enough, and pay attention to reducing the damage to nutrients as much as possible when processing and cooking, such as washing first and then cutting, stir-frying with fire, cold salad, etc. Fruit should be moderate, and eating more will also increase energy.
It is best to drink water between meals. Garlic has a variety of health functions, mainly sterilization and anti-inflammatory, and is effective against a variety of bacterial and viral infections. Eating garlic regularly can prevent influenza, diphtheria, dysentery and other diseases. Garlic also has the function of preventing cancer, because garlic can block the chemical synthesis of nitrosamines, a carcinogen, and inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Garlic is rich in selenium, which can accelerate the decomposition of peroxides in the body and reduce the oxygen supply needed by malignant tumors, thus inhibiting cancer cells. Therefore, most cancers in garlic producing areas are much lower than those in other areas. Garlic also has the function of lowering blood fat. After eating 1~2 garlic every day, the blood lipid can be reduced to normal after 3 months. Because of this effect, garlic has the functions of lowering blood pressure, preventing coronary heart disease and diabetes, and has a good anti-aging effect. Dietary points of people with high uric acid:
1) Choose fresh milk and egg white as the main sources of protein, because the purine content of these two foods is the lowest, and lean meat, fish and poultry should be restricted, not exceeding100g per day;
2) Do not use or carefully use foods with high purine content, such as coarse grains, seafood, beans and their products;
3) Vegetables are mainly light-colored, such as white gourd, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage and radish.
4) Appropriate amount of edible fungi and algae food can be selected;
5) resolutely ban alcohol.
Dietary principles of hypertension:
First, limit sodium salt and increase potassium intake.
1, reducing edible salt;
2, less salted food;
3. Pay attention to cooking methods;
4. Reduce the salt content of non-staple food;
5. Potash-containing foods: bananas, orange juice, peanuts, beans and bean products, dried mushrooms, laver, potatoes, Chinese cabbage, rape, cauliflower, tomatoes, wax gourd, apples, pears, peaches, plums and purple grapes.
Second, avoid excessive animal fat.
Hypertensive patients over 40 years old should give up eating foods rich in cholesterol even if their blood cholesterol content is not high and there is no complication of arteriosclerosis. The daily intake of cholesterol should be less than 300 mg. Generally speaking, the food with cholesterol below 100 mg 100 g is better. (with cholesterol content table)
Third, limit the use of low-fat, low-cholesterol foods, don't eat too much, and eat less sweets.
Four, protein should often eat some lean meat, chicken, fish, tofu, bean products, bean sprouts, etc. If the blood lipid is not high, you can eat an egg every day.
5. Ensure adequate vitamins and eat more fresh fruits and vegetables.
Six, supplement calcium and magnesium
1, calcium supplementation is beneficial to lowering blood pressure;
2. Foods rich in calcium: skim milk, bean products, shrimp skin, etc.
3. Magnesium has sedative, spasmolytic and hypotensive effects;
4. Foods rich in magnesium: mushrooms, shrimps, pineapples, amaranth, bean products, longan, etc.
Seven, zinc supplementation and cadmium restriction can increase blood pressure, zinc can antagonize the role of cadmium, and the ratio of zinc to cadmium should be increased in the diet. Foods with high zinc-cadmium ratio: coarse grains, beans, nuts, etc. You should eat it often.
Eight, quit smoking, hypertension patients must quit smoking, tea and coffee can be unlimited, but it should not be too strong.
Nine, the diet should not be too full. Every meal should be controlled at 80% full. Overweight will increase the heart load, and it is not advisable to sleep or exercise immediately after meals.
Ten, breakfast must be eaten, not eating breakfast will increase cholesterol. You can eat steamed bread, bread, rice porridge, skim milk, soybean milk and so on for breakfast. We should also change the problem of eating snacks. In order to reduce the sudden attack of heart disease, drinking water in the morning is particularly important.
Eleven, patients with hypertension complications should pay attention to the following points:
1, with hyperlipidemia: eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and the diet must be low in fat and cholesterol;
2. Complicated with heart failure: sodium salt should be strictly limited and water should be properly limited. If there is no renal impairment, eat more foods containing high-quality protein. 3. Diabetes: reduce staple foods such as rice and increase vegetables and bean products;
4. Complicated with renal insufficiency: protein should be controlled at about 30 grams per day, pay attention to the changes of blood biochemistry, and adjust the intake of sodium and potassium appropriately.
Twelve, the nutritional requirements are low in fat, cholesterol, calories and salt; Rich in protein, vitamins and trace elements.
What do hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver and diabetes need to pay attention to?
Traditionally, the cause of diabetes is the imbalance of insulin secretion in the body pancreas. Under normal circumstances, people's blood sugar is 3.9-6.1mmol/L. If it exceeds this value, it is regarded as hyperglycemia (not necessarily diabetes), but hyperglycemia can easily induce diabetes.
After being absorbed by the stomach, the food in the human stomach enters the blood and is decomposed into polysaccharides by the liver. The pancreas will automatically secrete insulin to decompose polysaccharides according to the amount of sugar in the blood, and supply energy to all parts of the body.
If people's behavior is abnormal, such as overnutrition, excessive intake of high-protein and high-fat food, excessive drinking, too little physical labor and physical exercise, and a large accumulation of fat, it will lead to hyperglycemia. When blood sugar is too high (at this time, blood lipids may also exceed the standard), it is possible to form diabetes. What people usually call "three highs" are hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, which are not isolated. Generally, two or three items exist at the same time, so physical labor and physical exercise are two or three items.
What is the effect of "three highs"?
1. Apple: Apple is known as the "king of fruits", which can greatly reduce the death risk of patients with coronary heart disease and is an ideal food for preventing and treating coronary heart disease.
Hawthorn: Hawthorn is a mature fruit of deciduous shrub in Rosaceae. Mild in nature, sweet and sour in taste, and has the functions of promoting digestion, resolving food stagnation and resolving stagnation. As early as the Ming Dynasty, China medical scientist Li Shizhen used hawthorn to treat diseases caused by eating too much meat.
Third, kelp: kelp is a healthy food and a good medicine for treating diseases. Kelp contains an effective component called kelp polysaccharide, which can reduce the content of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum.
Mushroom food: Mushroom food is the general name of mushroom food, straw mushroom, shiitake mushroom, oyster mushroom and so on. It is a healthy food with high protein, low fat and rich natural vitamins, and has many unique health care functions.
Five: Onion: Onion, also known as onion and jade onion, belongs to Liliaceae. It is native to the northwest of India, so it is called onion in China. Onion is rich in protein, sugar, vitamins b2, b6, C, carotene, thiamine, nicotinic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron, selenium and other elements, as well as a variety of chemicals, and almost no fat.
6. Garlic Garlic is known as the "green doctor". In ancient China, famous doctors such as Hua Lun and Li Shizhen used garlic to treat various diseases. In ancient Egypt, Greece, India and other countries, there are also various legends about using garlic to treat diseases.
Seven. Beans: beans include soybeans (such as soybeans, black beans, mung beans, red beans, etc. ), broad beans, peas, red beans, mung beans, etc. They are a good source of human protein, and they are also healthy foods for preventing and treating hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. Protein content in beans is high, and the quality is good, especially in soybeans. Every100g of soybeans contains about 40g of protein. Other beans, such as broad bean, red bean and mung bean, also contain 20-25g protein per 100g.
Experts pointed out that 100g soybean milk contains 1.8 ~ 4.4g soybean protein, 100g tofu contains 72 ~1.4g soybean protein, and 100g soybean powder contains 35.3 ~ 45.9g soybean protein.
Food selection
Edible food: cereals, especially coarse grains, beans and their products, vegetables, fruit yogurt, skim milk, egg white, fish, skinless chicken, beef and poultry. Fresh mushrooms, red beans, mung beans, fish, vegetables, fungus, walnuts, sesame seeds, etc.
② It is necessary to control the intake of the following five kinds of foods with high cholesterol.
Egg: Egg yolk, such as egg yolk, duck egg yolk, salted egg yolk, preserved egg yolk and so on.
Meat: fat meat, chicken skin and wings, chicken feet, sausages, sausages, bacon, etc.
Animal viscera: lung, kidney, liver, intestine, etc.
Seafood: cuttlefish, squid, crab roe, fish head, etc.
Oils: cream, butter, chicken oil, lard, coconut oil and palm oil (contained in many biscuits and instant noodles).
③ Select the following oils to ingest polyunsaturated fatty acids.
These oils include olive oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil and sunflower oil. They are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can lower blood cholesterol levels.
In addition, omega-3 fatty acids are also polyunsaturated fatty acids, which mainly exist in some marine fish, so marine fish and fish oil are suitable for patients with hyperlipidemia. Studies have shown that the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease in Japanese who eat more fish and Mediterranean residents who eat more olive oil is very low.
In order to cooperate with dietotherapy to treat fatty liver, several commonly used anti-fatty liver prescriptions are specially selected:
One side: Alisma orientalis 20-30g, Polygonum Multiflori Radix 15-20g, Semen Cassiae 15-20g, Saviae Miltiorrhizae Radix 15-20g, raw hawthorn 30g, Polygonatum sibiricum 15-20g and Polygonum cuspidatum 12-20g.
Indications: Obese fatty liver.
Usage: decoction, one dose a day, morning and evening.
The second prescription: Ruanganxiaoji drink seaweed, Thallus Laminariae and Hedyotis diffusa 30g each, Radix Curcumae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 65,438 05g each, Bupleuri Radix, Carapax Trionycis Preparata and Squama Manis 65,438 00g each, Alismatis Rhizoma and Ginseng Radix 30-60g each.
Indications: fatty liver after hepatitis.
Usage: decoct with water, one dose per day. Take it in the morning and evening
Three parties: 6 grams of Bupleurum, 6 grams of Rhizoma Sparganii and 6 grams of Rhizoma Curcumae; Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Radix Codonopsis and Carapax Trionycis (decocted first) 65438±00g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Poria and Fructus Toosendan 65438±02g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Atractylodis Macrocephalae 65438±05g, and Fructus Crataegi 30g.
Indications: fatty liver after hepatitis and obese fatty liver.
Usage: decoction, daily 1 dose, taken in the morning and evening. Fruit; To limit the intake of beverages, drink occasionally, not more than 50 grams;
There are many opportunities to watch TV during holidays, so don't forget to eat snacks, otherwise the level of the previous dinner will also affect the "three highs" index, and more outdoor walks can reduce the burden on your body. While following the above principles, people with different high indexes have different points of attention.
Dietary essentials for people with hyperglycemia:
1) Avoid sugary food, such as candy, chocolate and cream cake;
2) Eat coarse grains and potatoes instead of staple foods, such as oats, buckwheat, coix seed and potatoes.
3) Eat less porridge, because porridge is easy to digest and difficult to quantify, and blood sugar is easy to rise after meals;
4) The edible oil should not exceed 25g5 per day.) Eat more vegetables that help to lower blood sugar, such as celery, cucumber, tomato, white radish, mung bean sprouts, bitter gourd and green vegetables.
6) Eat more bacteria and algae foods, such as mushrooms, straw mushrooms, Flammulina velutipes, kelp and laver.
7) Deduct the corresponding staple food when eating fruits, such as deducting 25 grams of rice when eating 150 grams of apples; 8) Don't drink water and drinks when blood sugar is unstable.
Dietary points of people with hyperlipidemia:
1) The daily intake of fat should not exceed 50g, and the lean meat should be between 100- 150g, so it is better to drink skim milk.
2) The daily edible oil is about 20g. Try to choose olive oil and tea oil rich in monounsaturated fatty acids.
3) Choose foods that help to lower blood lipids, such as vegetables and fruits rich in fiber, bean products rich in phytosterol, and bacteria and algae foods rich in crude fiber.