Diabetic patients have many taboos in daily life, especially in diet. But many patients don't know or know much, so this paper introduces some health care knowledge about diabetes.
Diabetic patients have many taboos in daily life, especially in diet. But many patients don't know or know much, so this paper introduces some health care knowledge about diabetes.
Knowledge of diabetes care 1: controlling diet
The key to treating diabetes is to control diet. Through diet control, it can promote the disappearance of urine sugar, reduce fasting blood sugar to normal, correct metabolic disorder and prevent various complications.
The daily staple food for diabetics is not higher than 250 grams. If you feel hungry again, you can increase vegetables that are rich in fiber and can lower blood sugar, such as onions, celery, kelp and spinach. Protein non-staple foods such as bean products, milk and lean meat. Edible, the intake of adults is per kilogram of body weight per day 1 g; During pregnancy, lactation, malnutrition and infection, the daily weight per kilogram1.2 ~1.5g; Children weigh 2 to 3 grams per kilogram every day. The intake of fat depends on the patient's specific situation, generally 0.6 ~ 1 gram per kilogram of body weight every day, and the total amount is about 50 ~ 60 grams. Obese patients should eat less fatty food, not more than 40 grams a day, and emaciated patients can increase the amount of fat accordingly, but in principle it should not exceed twice that of sugar.
In addition, various vegetable oils should be selected for cooking oil. Restrict the intake of high-cholesterol foods such as brain marrow, egg yolk, fish eggs and animal viscera, so as to reduce blood lipid content, improve blood viscosity and prevent hypertension and coronary heart disease. Due to the decrease of staple food, the intake of vitamin B 1 will be insufficient, which will easily lead to numbness of hands and feet. Coarse grains, beans, brown rice and other foods rich in vitamin B 1 can be given.
Knowledge of diabetes care II: Diet should be avoided
Alcohol and tobacco are pungent and warm products, which will aggravate patients' thirst and drinking symptoms, so they should quit smoking and avoid alcohol. Avoid sugar, including all kinds of sweets, jams, preserves, desserts, ice cream, vermicelli, lotus root starch, potatoes, carrots and other foods with high sugar content, which can effectively prevent blood sugar from rising and reduce complications. Avoid spicy and irritating products such as onions, ginger and garlic. Diet should be light and less salt, and eat more fresh vegetables, such as wax gourd, mung bean, wolfberry head and Malantou. Jiangtang milk powder has the function of lowering blood sugar, which can be taken at ordinary times, 25 grams each time, with warm boiled water.
Knowledge of diabetes care 3: Combination of work and rest
Ordinary patients can take part in normal work, but should not be overworked. Abstinence. Stay optimistic and avoid mental trauma. Exercise can enhance glucose tolerance, reduce dependence on insulin, reduce insulin demand, lower blood sugar and improve abnormal blood lipid metabolism. Proper exercise can control obesity. Choose jogging, walking, practicing eighteen methods, aerobics, Tai Ji Chuan and other projects, starting with a short time and a small amount of exercise, and persevere. However, patients with fasting and severe diabetes should not exercise to prevent hypoglycemia shock and other diseases.
Diabetes care knowledge 4: urine sugar self-test
You should master the self-test method of urine sugar. The equipment only needs to be equipped with alcohol lamp, glass test tube, dropper, long-handled wood clamp and brush, a bottle of compound copper sulfate solution (also known as Bancroft reagent) and some 95% alcohol. When operating, first take 20 drops of reagent with a dropper and put it into a test tube, then add 2 drops of patient's urine and shake well. The test tube is clamped with a wooden clamp and tilted at 45 degrees. Place the bottom of the test tube on an alcohol lamp and heat it for 1 min. After cooling, observe the color change of the liquid in the test tube. If it is still blue, urine sugar is negative, suggesting that there is no sugar in urine. If it is green, it is "+",and there is a trace of sugar in the urine; Yellow and green is "++"; Khaki is "++"; Red-brown is "++". Changing from green to reddish brown indicates that the amount of urine sugar has changed from less to more. Through self-test, patients can adjust their food intake, understand the curative effect and adjust the drug dosage.