Boundary: Plant phylum: Angiosperm phylum: Dicotyledonous plants: Garcinia: Trolliaceae: Dipterocarpaceae: Magnolia: Plum: Plum.
Lie characteristics
The preserved plum is sweet in taste, large in fruit, thin in skin, shiny, thick in flesh, small in stone, crisp and fine in quality, juicy and high in acidity. It is rich in various amino acids needed by the human body and sweet in acid, especially because it is rich in fruit acid and vitamin C. The semi-finished dried and wet preserved plum is elastic and yellowish, and the peel is not easy to crack and the contents are not easy to lose during processing. In addition, the shelf life can reach 12 months without adding any other additives, just adding a proper amount of salt. The quality of this product exceeds that of Nangaomei, which is popular in Japan, and meets the national ripening standards in Japan. It is well received by the Japanese market and is known as "the king of preserved fruit" and "natural green and healthy food". Plum blossom is suitable for planting in subtropical climate with humid summer and dry winter, and it is a light-loving plant growing in wetland areas in summer. The temperature requirements in flowering period and young fruit period are particularly strict, and the number of days above flowering period 15℃ reaches 30%; Its growth and fruit need moderate rainfall. Generally, the annual rainfall is 800-2000 mm, which can make plum blossom grow well. The requirements of plum blossom growth for soil are loam, sandy loam and clay loam with deep soil layer, low groundwater level and good drainage performance. The fruit shape of ebony is nearly round, the peel color is light yellow-green, the color is uniform, and the color of secondary peel is allowed to have a little blush; Domestic similar products are generally oval in shape, with greenish skin, yellow mature fruit, reddish sunny side, light reddish brown to dark red, and light yellow pulp. The average single fruit weight is 28g, the pulp is thick, the core is small, the edible rate is over 89%, the pulp is crisp, the aroma is mellow, the flavor is unique, the acid is sweet, and it is slightly bitter or astringent. Mume contains 7.0% soluble solids, total acid content > 4.3%, and is rich in trace elements, amino acids and microorganism C.
[Edit this paragraph] Nutritional value
Plum contains a lot of protein, fat (fatty oil), carbohydrates, various inorganic salts and organic acids. The content of organic acids in ebony fruits is generally 3.0%-6.5%, which is much higher than that in common fruits. The organic acids contained in ebony mainly include citric acid, malic acid, tannic acid, bitter folic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid. Has the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, stimulating appetite, and relieving fatigue. In particular, the content of citric acid is the most in all kinds of fruits. Citric acid is an indispensable and important acid in human cell metabolism, which can promote the decomposition of lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water to be excreted, restore fatigue and facilitate the absorption of calcium. Plum is rich in nutrition, low in sugar and high in acid, and its T value (sugar-acid ratio) is only 0.2, which is 1/70 of pear and 1/8 of apricot, which is lower than that of lemon. Secondly, it has a reasonable ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and its Ca/P ≈ 1: 1 is the best food to develop health food for children and the elderly. In recent years, British scientists have found that the pH of human brain fluid is related to IQ. In the allowable range of body fluid acidity, when the acidity is high (that is, the pH value is low), the IQ is low; When the alkalinity is high (that is, the pH value is high), the IQ is high. Because the acidity and alkalinity of body fluids can be regulated by diet, scientists further put forward the viewpoint of improving diet structure, eating more alkaline foods and improving intelligence level. The content of alkaline substances in Prunus mume greatly exceeds that of acidic substances. Therefore, green plum is called a typical strong physiological alkaline food, which can neutralize acidic foods (grain, egg yolk, meat, fish, alcohol, sugar, etc. ), make the blood slightly alkaline, and keep the pH value at 7.3-7.4.
[Edit this paragraph] Composition characteristics
The components of ebony have the following characteristics: (1) low sugar and high acid (total sugar 1.3%, total acid 6.4%), and its T value (sugar-acid ratio) is only 0.2, which is 1/72 of Yali pear and 1/8 of apricot. Therefore, plums are an excellent natural sour raw material. Natural organic acids have many physiological regulating functions and are the main functional components of plum blossom. (2) It has a reasonable calcium-phosphorus ratio of 1: 1. Compared with other fruits, it not only has a reasonable proportion of calcium and phosphorus, but also has a high absolute amount, so it is a good raw material for producing children's food and old-age food. (3) The content of 3)VB is as high as 5.6mg/ 100g, which is hundreds of times that of other fruits, and VB2 is in a very stable and highly acidic environment, which is the outstanding advantage of Mume.
[Edit this paragraph] Health care function
According to Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, plum blossoms in winter and ripens in summer, making it full of trees. The taste is the sourest, and it has the effects of reducing qi and relieving annoyance, relieving cough and pain, stopping typhoid fever, stopping cold-heat dysentery, reducing swelling and detoxifying, and can treat 32 diseases. "Shennong Materia Medica" records that "plum is sweet in taste, flat in nature, and can enter the liver, spleen, lung and large intestine meridians, and has the effect of astringing and promoting fluid production". Modern medical research shows that mume has the following functions:
1, eliminate fatigue and increase vitality.
Mume fruit is rich in citric acid and other organic acids, which can stimulate appetite, restore physical strength and eliminate fatigue. At the same time, it can improve constipation, soothe the nerves and relieve troubles. Mume fruit contains a lot of natural high-quality citric acid, which can promote the circulation of tricarboxylic acid, quickly excrete fatigue elements, generate energy to the maximum extent, and make food burn completely. It has obvious practical value for athletes and high-temperature workers to recover their physical strength. In addition, green plum is also beneficial to the absorption of calcium by human body, and it is the most suitable food to help children and the elderly to supplement calcium.
2, anti-tumor, remove blood waste
Mume fruit is rich in citric acid and malic acid, and has a strong sour taste. These organic acids can not only excrete lactic acid accumulated in blood, but also inhibit the production of new lactic acid, thus achieving the function of cleaning blood, and rich VB2 can also prevent cancer.
3. Significantly improve gastrointestinal function
Mume fruit has a unique function of regulating gastrointestinal function. Catecholic acid in dark plum can promote intestinal peristalsis, regulate the intestine, and promote intestinal wall contraction, which has a significant effect on constipation (especially for pregnant women). Its sour taste can stimulate salivary glands and gastric glands to secrete digestive juice, promote digestion, moisten the stomach, improve gastrointestinal function and promote intestinal absorption.
Step 4 protect the liver
The antibacterial and detoxicating effects of green plum products can decompose harmful substances in the human body and remove toxins invading from inside and outside the human body; At the same time, the sulfur-containing compound contained in it is an antioxidant, which can inhibit the damage of lipid peroxide to the membrane structure. The active substances such as pyruvic acid and oleanolic acid contained in the fruit of ebony can protect the liver, improve the detoxification function of the liver and enhance the detoxification ability of the human body against food poisoning, water poisoning and blood poisoning, so it is called "the guardian of the human body". There are hundreds of foods with preservatives, pesticides, antioxidants, etc. In the daily life of modern people. It is the best way to detoxify and excrete, so choosing green plum to promote visceral function is the best way to protect the liver.
5, antibacterial, insect repellent, antiallergic effects
Mume and its products are strongly acidic, and have certain antibacterial effects on bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and also have certain inhibitory effects on fungi such as tinea pedis and dermatophytes. At the same time, it has obvious inhibitory effect on the activity of ascaris lumbricoides. Experiments show that ebony products can promote the contraction and excretion of gallbladder, help biliary drainage, reduce and prevent biliary tract infection, and help reduce the existence of ascaris eggs. In addition, it has certain antiallergic and desensitizing effects.
6, delay aging and keep beautiful.
Plum is rich in organic acids and minerals, especially calcium, which can prevent osteoporosis in the elderly. Plum products can make salivary glands secrete more parotid hormone, which is an endocrine hormone, often called "rejuvenation factor", which can rejuvenate blood vessels and whole body tissues, promote skin cell metabolism and play the role of beautifying muscles and hairdressing; It can also promote the activation of hormone secretion, thus achieving the effect of delaying aging.
[Edit this paragraph] Development and utilization
Plum is a kind of food with comprehensive and reasonable nutrition and various medical and health functions, which belongs to the category of dual-purpose food. Because the fresh plum fruit is too sour, except for a small amount of fresh food, most of it is processed into preserved fruit, candied fruit, medicinal materials, health food and beauty products. The development potential of plum blossom is huge, and there are several ways to develop it:
1, salted products
Include salt plum, plum embryo, dried salt plum, etc. Salted plums become salted plums. Salted plums are dried until the water content is about 52%, that is, Mei Cheng embryo, also known as dry and wet plums or semi-dried plums. Dry pickled plums are completely dried and are the main export types.
2. Candied products
Preserved plum is a traditional product of green plum processing, including candied plum, crispy plum, preserved plum, Pei-Mui Chan, spiced plum and so on. It has a broad consumer market and is well received by the public.
3. Plum beverage products
From the analysis of market situation, in recent two years, consumers in Japan and South Korea like to drink pure plum juice or mix it with other drinks (such as wine and juice drinks) as aristocratic drinks. The international market requires high quality of concentrated plum juice. The main indicators are: Brix concentration of 66 10, acid content of 33-38%, pH of 2-3, light transmittance of over 85% when diluted to 60 brix, and amino nitrogen content of 14 mg/ 100 ml-65438. Concentrated sour plum juice is a new trend in international market demand.
4. Plum wine products
Using green plum as raw material, using modern biotechnology, fermented wine is brewed by special fermentation process and carefully blended and seasoned. Fermented wine can be divided into whole fruit fermentation and pure juice fermentation, which maintains the original flavor of plums and the flavor produced by fermentation. The production of plum wine can still directly soak plum fruit with grain wine, and the fruit is in the wine. Plum wine is unique in health care function, taste, color and aroma, which can be compared with wine and has the potential to expand the export market and domestic fruit wine market.
5. Smoked products
This kind of products include dark plum, medicinal plum powder and so on. Mume is generally made from green plums with high acid content, dried and smoked. It is dark brown and tastes very sour. Mume can be used as medicine to treat sore throat, pharyngitis, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, enteritis, asthma and cough, night sweats in children, metrorrhagia and metrorrhagia, and can also stop vomiting and expel ascaris. On the one hand, ebony is used as a Chinese herbal medicine in medicine; On the other hand, there are more than 20 kinds of medicines, such as Polygonum Cuspidatum Granule, Wu Mei An Wei Pill and Wu Mei Drink, which are made of ebony.
6, skin care and beauty products
Dried mume in the processing of green plums can make salivary glands secrete more parotid hormones, revitalize blood vessels and whole body tissues, promote the metabolism of skin cells, and have the functions of beautifying muscles and hairdressing.
7, health plum vinegar
Pickling plums with salt, controlling the pickling of plums, then electrodialysis to reduce the salt, and then adding vinegar and honey in proportion. Pay attention to the most reasonable ratio of plum marinade to vinegar and honey. The product has the effects of stimulating appetite, invigorating spleen, resisting fatigue, caring skin and resisting aging, and is especially suitable for daily maintenance and drinking of middle-aged and elderly mental workers.
8, green plum health oral liquid
Plum embryos are soaked in hot water, and the extracted plums are extremely effective. Mix plums with honey, which integrates the nourishing function of honey and the health care function of plums. Then adding a sweetener to adjust the sugar-acid ratio, heating to 65 DEG C, keeping for 30 minutes, bottling, sealing and sterilizing to obtain the finished product. The product is suitable for chronic patients with diabetes, obesity, hypertension and low calorie intake.
9. Mei Qing pills
Yellow-ripened plums are selected as raw materials, which are pitted and mashed, mixed with Chinese herbal medicines such as Siraitia grosvenorii, boiled into paste, and then molded and packaged. This product mainly uses the effects of green plum and Siraitia grosvenorii on appetizing, invigorating spleen, relieving hangover and warming blood, and can be developed into a drinking partner, which is suitable for consumers who like drinking and fitness.
[Edit this paragraph] The future of childhood.
1. As a traditional health fruit, ebony has the value of further research, development and utilization. Its deep processing and multi-level processing are one of the effective ways for the sustainable development of plum blossom. 2. The development of health food series of green plums can not only meet the needs of domestic and foreign consumers, but also greatly increase the added value of green plums, thus increasing the income of local economy and fruit farmers, and its market consumption prospect is broad. 3. The health-care function of the series of health-care foods of Prunus mume needs further clinical trials, especially the physiological adaptability of different people. In addition, the content of active ingredients in health food needs further quantitative analysis.
[Edit this paragraph] China's childhood hometown.
Zhaoan has unique soil, water quality and climate conditions, which is suitable for plum production. Plum planting has a long history. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, local farmers have planted plums. Over the years, fruit farmers have rich experience in planting and breeding. After years of evolution and development, Zhao 'anmei has formed two unique varieties, namely "Bai Mei" and "Qingzhumei", which are collectively called "Zhao 'anmei". It is famous at home and abroad for its large fruit, thin skin, thick meat, small stone and moderate acidity. Its quality can be comparable to that of Nangao plum in Japan, and the finished plum is rated as A grade. Plum has unique medicinal value, is rich in a variety of natural high-quality organic acids and rich in minerals, and has unique nutritional and health-care functions such as purifying blood, regulating intestines, reducing blood fat, relieving fatigue, beauty beauty, regulating acid-base balance and enhancing human immunity. Japanese plums have always been regarded as a good medicine to eliminate disasters and solve problems, and are known as "the king of preserved fruits" and "natural health food". In the mid-1980s, Hongxing Township in Zhao 'an began to revive the cultivation of green plums, and then it gradually grew. At that time, when Hongxing Township, located in the mountainous area, was considering how to further adjust the agricultural industrial structure, it was obvious that the local traditional citrus and pineapple had poor economic benefits. After repeated comparison, screening and evaluation, everyone agrees that the development prospect of Prunus mume is great. Since then, with the strong support of government departments at all levels and the demonstration of a number of large growers, the plum blossom planting area has gradually expanded. "Flowers bloom in the snow, and a tree leads the world in spring." Driven by Hongxing Township, Taiping Town, which is adjacent to it, has also begun to grow green plums on a large scale. In the early 1990s, constant guidance and promotion finally made the humble small fruit grow into the "Hua Dan Master" of Zhaoan agriculture and became one of the main channels for fruit farmers to increase their income. At present, Zhaoan has become the largest plum planting base in China. The planting area of plums in the county is 1.24 million mu, and the output is 60,000 tons. 70% of the planting area and output are concentrated in the neighboring towns of Hongxing and Taiping. In line with this, the market continues to be hot. After mass production of plums began in the 1990s, plums of 1 kg can be sold for up to 5 yuan, and at the highest time it can reach 7 yuan, and there is no shortage of sales. The skyrocketing market has made fruit farmers harvest a lot, and the living conditions of people in mountainous areas have been rapidly improved. New houses have sprung up, and new household appliances have been continuously transported from the county seat to the mountains, showing a harmonious scene of "plum blossom fragrance and peasant laughter" everywhere. In recent years, Zhao 'an has firmly grasped the advantages of characteristic resources and regarded "Zhao 'an Hongxing Li" as a "business card". From the height of cultivating and developing the county-level characteristic economy, Zhaoan exerts the effect of brand agriculture and builds the plum brand. "Zhao 'an Hongxing Plum" has passed the certification of origin mark of AQSIQ and the trademark registration of State Administration for Industry and Commerce, and China Green Food Development Center has recognized "Zhao 'an Hongxing Plum" as an A-class product of green food ... The brand creation has laid a good foundation for the development and growth of plum blossom industry. At the same time, from the drastic fluctuation of plum market in recent years, Zhaoan County realized that it was necessary to gradually get rid of the limitations of a single market, implement industrialization and independently develop deep-processed plum products. In 2002, Zhaoan established the service center for the development of green plum industry, and issued a series of measures and methods to support the development of green plum industry, creating a good environment for the development of green plum industry. Agriculture-related departments and relevant towns and villages should increase technical consulting services and guidance for the production of green plums to improve the quality of green plums; The towns and villages in the main producing areas have also invested huge sums of money to build the plum purchasing market, and the rural cement road has been built into a plum garden, effectively solving the problem of plum transportation. The customs and inspection and quarantine departments also went deep into the main producing areas to apply for plant quarantine certificates for producers of exported preserved plum on the spot to facilitate the export of products; Before the listing of Mei Qing, rural credit cooperatives put in marketing loans to increase the liquidity of marketing enterprises. In addition, the coordination and leadership role of the association has been increasing. 1998 The Plum Technology Research Association in Hongxing Township was established, and the Plum Association in Zhaoan County was established in early April 2007, initially forming a professional technical association integrating plum production, scientific research, demonstration, promotion, product processing and marketing, which promoted industry self-discipline, improved the production level of plum planting, and formed the production and operation of "company+association (research association)+farmers". After years of development, a number of green plum food processing enterprises such as Luyuan, Tian Li and Rongqi have successively settled in Zhaoan. Among them, Rongqi Food Co., Ltd., which is invested by Taiwanese businessmen and settled in Taiping Town of this county, processes more than 4,000 tons of plums annually, and all the salted plums produced are exported to Japan, becoming the largest plum processing enterprise in China. Zhao 'an has formed a food processing enterprise group led by green plum processing, which has extended the industrial chain and increased the added value of products. The products entered supermarkets such as Wal-Mart and Metro, and were designated as aviation food by Xiamen Airlines. It has become the largest production, processing and export base of Prunus mume in China. There are more than 0/00 greengage processing enterprises/kloc, with an annual processing capacity of more than 40,000 tons, including more than 20 enterprises above designated size, with an annual output value of nearly 300 million yuan. Recently, four series of green plum products, such as Huangmimei, selected by Luyuan Company, were selected as recommended fruits for the 2007 Beijing Olympic Games, and were allowed to set up stalls in the China Green Organic Food Monopoly Center in Beijing. While developing plum blossom industry, Zhaoan actively explored plum blossom culture, expanded the connotation of plum blossom industry, wrote a large number of plum blossom articles, and improved the popularity of Red Star plum blossom brand. Plum fruit is a natural health food, and plum blossom is cold and proud, pure and clean, unparalleled in the world, full of spring, poetic and picturesque, and scholars of all dynasties competed to express their coquettish, forming a splendid plum blossom culture. Plum viewing has become a folk custom, especially in recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, plum viewing has become an elegant leisure way. Hongxing Township, the main plum producing area in Zhaoan, aims at this business opportunity and actively expands the plum industry. At the same time, it is planned to build an ecological Meiyuan base of 10,000 mu. This year, it invested more than 5 million yuan to repair the cement road leading into Meiyuan, and built supporting facilities such as watching Meiting, singing Meiting and reception room to attract tourists to the Red Star to enjoy plum blossoms. Give play to the advantages of "hometown of calligraphy and painting art"; Organize painters, famous poets, essayists and entrepreneurs on both sides of the strait to draw plum pictures, recite plum poems and collect literary works in Meiyuan, so as to expand the popularity of the "hometown of childhood". Through cooperation with many travel agencies such as Chaoshan, the tourism department has squeezed the plum viewing project in Hongxing Township into the tourism circle in eastern Guangdong, becoming a tourist attraction vigorously promoted by travel agencies. Xiang Mei left and the project was introduced. Zhaoan introduced cooperation projects with Mei as an intermediary. At the fifth "18" project fair in 2007, Hayes Food Co., Ltd. docked with South China University of Technology, introduced the application project of "low-energy quantification of complete sets of technical achievements of traditional food", and developed products such as plum-filled moon cakes. At the just-concluded 9th Flower Expo, Zhao 'an, together with Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University and the Institute of Agricultural Engineering of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, signed two cooperation projects, namely, the fine processing technology of green plum beverage and the deep processing technology of green plum ... Now, Zhao 'an takes the opportunity of holding the first cross-strait (Zhao 'an) green plum festival and painting and calligraphy art festival to build a platform and promote development. Just before this festival, a signing ceremony was held for a shipbuilding project and a power technology project with a total investment of 99.8 million US dollars and 500 million RMB respectively. Plum blossoms stand out from the crowd. As a characteristic business card of Zhao 'an, "Zhao 'an Red Star and Green Plum" has experienced wind and frost. Now, we are moving towards the goal of "China Dumei", which integrates green plum planting, production, scientific research and tourism.
[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to the periphery
Some people say that Puning is the hometown of China's childhood. Puning has been planting green plums for about 700 years. As early as the 1920s, Puning was famous for its rich plums. After the reform and opening up, Meinong planted plums and tasted the sweetness of getting rich, and plum production developed rapidly. 1984 Prunus mume planting area 1598 hectares, with output of 23 1 1 ton; 1990 The planting area is 2,550 hectares and the output is 4,349 tons; 1995 The planting area is 683 1 hectare, and the total output is 13209 tons; Output value 1 more than 100 million yuan, accounting for about one tenth of the national total output, planting area and total output. The output value ranks first at the county level in China, and it is the largest green plum producing area in China. Therefore,1April 6, 1995, among the national 100 characteristic towns selected by the State Council Development Research Center and other departments, Puning City was named as "the hometown of green plums in China". The following month, Guangdong Province decided to establish "China Plum Germplasm Resource Base" in Puning. Plum is one of the six traditional fruits in Puning City. There are 23 varieties, 7 of which are the main varieties, namely, soft branch and big grain plum, hard skill and big grain sea, Taohai, pink sea and Huangmei. Wumei, Luoganghai, Tuli. Puning Meinong has rich experience in planting green plums, and as early as 1950s and 1960s, it had been hired in batches to guide the production in green plum producing areas all over the country. In recent years, Puning regards the production of green plums as a strategic measure to develop "three highs" agriculture and get rich in mountainous areas, and is committed to implementing the cultivation techniques of green plums and popularizing improved varieties. In addition to the Fruit and Vegetable Bureau and the Fruit Tree Research Center, Puning City has also established research institutions such as the Green Plum Technology Extension Center and the Green Plum Research Association. At present, there are more than 300 scientific researchers engaged in plum blossom production in Puning City, including more than 100 with the title of agronomist. Through the unremitting efforts of scientific researchers, the planting industry in Puning, Qinghai Province has gradually embarked on a scientific and large-scale track. 1999. The planting area of Prunus mume in Puning City has reached 9267 hectares, with an annual output of10.5 million tons. Among them, the rare fruit ebony in Guangdong Province accounts for more than 80% of the ebony planting area. Puning's ebony is thick and crisp, with high acidity, good quality, rich nutrition, high medicinal value and wide application. Besides being eaten fresh, most of them can also be processed into preserved fruits, medicinal materials and health products, which are in great demand at home and abroad. Puning makes full use of geographical and resource advantages. In addition to vigorously developing green plum cultivation, Puning is also committed to developing green plum processing industry. Market-oriented, relying on science and technology to develop the production, processing and trade of ebony, so that ebony production will embark on the road of agricultural industrialization of "one-stop production, supply and marketing". Up to now, there are 250 fruit processing enterprises in the city, producing five categories of plum products, such as plum juice and sour plum soup. Plum sprinkling-original plum wine, low-alcohol plum wine, etc. ; Salted plum, low-salt dried plum, plum embryo, etc. ; Preserved fruits-crisp plum, honey plum, preserved plum, Pei-Mui Chan, dry and wet plum, Shui Mei, plum sauce, etc. Smoked category-ebony, medicinal plum powder, etc. The transformation of green plum production from low value to export was initially completed. Nowadays, the production income of Prunus mume has become one of the main sources of economic income in Puning Mountain area. Fruit processing with green plum as the main industry has become an important industry in Puning industrial system and occupies an important position in Puning national economy. Plum fruit is mainly used as raw material in food industry, and can be made into salted plum, preserved plum, preserved plum, preserved plum wine, preserved plum sauce, preserved plum and so on. , have the effect of stimulating appetite, digestion and appetizing. Plum tea can relieve hangover.