How many kinds of edible fungi are there?
Classification of groups
According to the biological and ecological characteristics of higher macrofungi and the long-term research and development progress of mycologists in China, many rare mushrooms have been domesticated and cultivated, resulting in the listing of industrialized products, which has also made new changes in the classification of rare mushrooms. Based on the existing viewpoints and the division of Liu Guipei and others (2009), it can be roughly divided into the following three categories.
(1) Endangered species are mainly those mushroom species whose habitats or hosts are severely damaged due to their unique biological characteristics, habitat requirements or extremely narrow distribution areas, resulting in a sharp decline in population, even on the verge of extinction, and the remaining population is still seriously threatened. Such as truffles, Tricholoma matsutake, dried fungus, Cordyceps sinensis, etc. According to the investigation on the diversity of trade fungi in Yunnan, the endangered mushroom group only accounts for 1. 1% of the whole fungus group, which shows that there are very few varieties and the situation is extremely endangered. This kind of variety has attracted attention. For example, Tricholoma matsutake has been listed as a national second-class protected plant.
(2) Rare species are of great scientific value and are important natural biological resources in China. Such as Boletus, Russula, Amanita, Echinococcus, and Termitomyces.
More than 30 species of these rare populations are mostly monotypic species, which are endemic to China, and are representative groups of regional distribution. They have become remnants or surviving species in the process of evolution, which is of great biological and ecological significance to the restoration of ecological environment and vegetation. Although there are reports on the success of artificial cultivation, we only know its name, and its goods are not available in the market, and the price is still expensive.
For example, Morchella, Boletus, Russula, Embroidered cocci, White Ginseng, Pleurotus ostreatus, etc. are reported to have been successfully cultivated, but the market products are extremely scarce. The current prices are: dried morel 1500-3,000 yuan/kg, dried red mushroom 400 yuan/kg, fresh Pleurotus ostreatus150 yuan/kg, so it's still the same.
(3) Rare species mainly refer to ectomycorrhizal fungi that depend on natural and wild trees and species that coexist with insects. Such as truffles, Tricholoma matsutake, boletus, chicken soil 5L bacteria, russula, Pleurotus ostreatus, Syringa, chanterelle, Lactarius matsutake, Oda mushroom (waterfowl), embroidered cocci, Pleurotus ostreatus, coral mushroom, chanterelle (trumpet mushroom) and Papilio (old man's head). The products of these rare varieties are few in number. According to the statistical data of China Edible Tapirs Yearbook in 2007, the national output of Tricholoma matsutake is only 1.535 tons, that of Boletus is 1.6 1.72 tons, and that of Morchella is 1.082 tons. The total of these three products is 18789 tons, which only accounts for the edible fungi in the inventory statistics.