Notes on the title or background of a book.
This is an article about keeping in good health. "Health Master" is the key to health. Zhuangzi believes that the way to keep fit is to conform to nature, forget your feelings and not be trapped by foreign things.
The full text is divided into three parts. The first part is "You can spend all your years", which is the general outline of the whole article. It is pointed out that the most important thing for health preservation is to "know the classics from the edge", that is, to adhere to the virtual Tao in things and adapt to the changes and development of nature. The second part, How to Keep Healthy, compares people's health with the decomposition of cows' bodies by chefs, explaining that life and life should be "nature-oriented" and "sky-oriented", and only by taking virtual "space" for yourself can we be "comfortable", thus avoiding the entanglement of right and wrong and contradictions. The rest is the third part, which further explains the attitude of "obeying fate, conforming to nature and being safe and smooth".
The center of Zhuangzi's thought is, on the one hand, helpless freedom, and on the other hand, opposing letting nature take its course. Although this article talks about keeping in good health between the lines, it actually reflects the author's philosophy and life purport.
original text
My life is limited and my knowledge is limited. There is a limit, no limit, almost 4; If you already know, it's only a matter of time. Good has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. Du Yuan thinks that after seven years, he can stay healthy, live for a lifetime, support his relatives and spend all his time in it.
To annotate ...
1 ya: deposit, limit.
2 knowledge (zhiì): knowledge, intelligence.
3 follow: follow and ask.
4 Danger: Danger refers to exhaustion, mental injury and physical exhaustion.
⑤ Already: This, so; This refers to the situation that the limited life is used to ask for infinite knowledge.
⑥ Approaching: Approaching means pursuing and coveting.
⑦ Edge: Follow and follow. Du: Right, right. Traditional Chinese medicine has the theory that there are eight strange meridians. The so-called Du meridian is the middle meridian of the human back and has the function of Du meridian to help yang. "Fate" means following the meaning of Tao in nature.
Life: it is often used as "sex", and "whole life" means preserving nature.
Pet-name ruby: Literally speaking, the context can't be linked, and the old saying that parents don't have worries is far-fetched. For your reference.
Attend the end of the year: enjoy the end of the year and don't die.
translate
Human life is limited, but knowledge is infinite. Pursuing infinite knowledge with limited life will inevitably lead to exhaustion, so it is really dangerous to continue pursuing knowledge! Do what the world calls good without coveting fame and fortune, and do what the world calls evil without facing the humiliation of punishment. Follow the righteousness of nature, as a constant method to conform to things, so as to protect themselves, preserve their nature, and let their parents have no worries and enjoy the rest of their lives.
original text
My experts are Wen Jieniu, touch, shoulder, foot, knee and knife. However, all seven songs have a tenor, which is suitable for mulberry dance and is a classic first meeting.
Wen Huijun Tian: "? (1 1), ok! So far (12)? "My master released the knife and said to him (13):" Those who are good at my job, those who are Taoist (14) and those who are skillful (15). When the first minister took care of the cow, all he saw was the whole cow. I haven't seen all the cows for three years. At this time, I met God instead of looking at him (16). Zhi Zhi was an official, but God wanted to do so (17). According to Heaven (18), approve Daying (19) and lead Dalian (20) because it is (21); Technology and experience are not bad (22), but the situation is very bad (23)! Liang Younian changed the knife (24) to chop; Clans change knives (25) and fold knives (26). Today, I killed thousands of cows with my sword for nineteen years, but if the blade is newly developed (27). Those who have leisure (28) and those who have blades are not thick. If it is not thick, there should be room for leisure (29), so if it is a newly developed blade after 19 years. Although, as for the clan (30), I think it is very difficult, but this is a warning (3 1), so far, it is too late to act, and few people use knives. Self-awareness (32), such as land management (33). Stand with a knife, look around for it, be full of ambition (34), and hide the knife (35).
Wen said, "Good! I heard my words, so I can stay healthy (36). "
To annotate ...
①(páo): the kitchen. "My master" is a chef. When I say "Dong", I mean the chef and "Ding" is his name. For (wèi): For，for。 Text: The old saying refers to Liang. Solution: Cutting decomposition.
2 contact: contact.
3 by: by。
4 shoes: one step, one step.
⑤ (yǐ): Resist with your knees.
⑥ Hu Ran: The sound of separation of flesh and blood. Direction: often used as "ring", sound. "Run to (let)", the way many voices respond to each other.
⑦ Play: Enter. ? (Hu) Ran: The sound of cutting cattle quickly with a knife.
⑧ Zhong (zhòng): in line with; "Alto" means in line with the rhythm of music.
⑨ Sanglin: the musical name in the legend of Shang Dynasty. "Sanglin Dance" refers to the dance accompanied by Sanglin music.
⑩ Jing: the name of the legendary music in the era of Emperor Yao. Will: Music, rhythm.
( 1 1)? (xρ): A variant of the word "xi".
(12) Gai: commonly known as "shit", that's what it means. The modal particle in the sentence is pronounced "Gai".
(13) Release: Put it down.
(14) Hao (Hao): preference. Tao: the law of things.
(15) Gold: by going up one flight of stairs, which means to surpass or surpass. Hu: Yu, Bi.
(16) God: spirit and mind.
(17) Officer: Organ, here refers to the eyes. Knowledge: perception, here refers to vision.
(18) Tian Li: Natural texture, here refers to the natural structure of cattle.
(19) batch: trend: (x √): commonly known as "gap", which refers to the gap between tendon and bone of cattle.
(20) guide. Tour guide, tour guide. (ku ǐ n): Empty, which refers to the large empty space between bovine joints.
(2 1) reason: follow. Of course: if so, if so.
(22) Skill (zhι): It is often used as a "branch" and refers to a branch vein. Meridian: Meridian. "Technical Classics" refers to the place where meridians meet. Ken: The meat on the bone. ǐ (qǐ): A place where flesh and blood are closely linked. No: no. Taste: try.
(23) ū (gū): big bone.
(24) years old: every year. Gēng: replace.
(25) family: numerous; "Family" refers to the average chef.
(26) fold: break; This refers to cutting bones with a knife.
(27) hair: hair, here refers to just grinding down from the grindstone. Xing: whetstone.
(28) jiàn: seams and gaps; In this sense, later generations wrote "space".
(29) recovery: extensive. Blade: A running blade.
Family (30): The knuckles and tendons meet at the wrong place.
(3 1) Ran (chù) Ran: He looks very cautious.
(32) tapir (Hu): the sound of decomposition of cattle carcasses.
(33) Committee: accumulation.
(34) hesitation: the appearance of leisurely. Manzhi: Satisfied my heart.
(35) Goodness: here refers to fiddling and wiping.
(36) Health preservation: the provincial central language since then means "the way of health preservation".
translate
When the chef slaughters cattle for Wen, the place where his hand touches, the place where his shoulder leans, the place where his foot steps and the place where his knee leans all make a creaking sound, and the brushing sound when he quickly enters the knife is like a beautiful musical melody, which conforms to the rhythm of mulberry dance and the music rhythm of the first song.
Wen Huijun said, "Hey, wonderful! How can technology reach such a superb level? " The chef put down the knife and replied, "What I like is to explore the laws of things, which is a step further than ordinary techniques and skills." When I started to decompose the cow, I only saw a whole cow. A few years later, I never saw the whole cow again. Now, I only touch with my mind, not with my eyes. The senses of my eyes seem to have stopped, and the spiritual world is still running. According to the natural physiological structure of cattle, strike at the big gap between muscle and bone, aim the knife at the big gap between joints, and dissect along the natural structure of cattle; I have never collided with the place where the meridians converge and the flesh and blood are closely connected, let alone those big bones! Excellent chefs change a knife every year because they are cutting meat with a knife; Ordinary chefs change a knife every month because they are cutting bones with a knife. Now I have used this knife for 19 years, and killed thousands of cows. The blade is as sharp as if it had just been ground from a grindstone. There are gaps in the joints and even the joints of cattle, and the blade is hardly thick. Inserting a thin blade between the seam and the joint with a gap is so generous that there is room for blade operation and rotation. So my knife has been used for 19 years, and the blade is still as if it had just been ground from a grindstone. Even so, whenever I meet the intersection of tendons and joints, I find it difficult to cut, so I am extra cautious, dare not be careless, focus on my eyes, move slowly, and use the knife very lightly. The cow's body is completely decomposed, just like a pile of soil on the ground. So I stood there with a knife in my hand, looking around, full of ambition for it, and wiped it clean and put it away. Wen Huijun said: "Great, I heard the chef's words and learned the truth of keeping in good health." . "
original text
Guan Wenxuan was shocked when he saw the right teacher. "Who is it?" Evil or Interface (2)? Heaven and man? Yue: "Heaven is also inhuman. Heaven was born to make it unique, and people look different. Therefore, it is inhuman to know the sky. "Ze pheasant pecks ⑤ with ten steps, drinks ⑤ with a hundred steps, and doesn't worry about animals. Although God is king, he is not good.
When he died, Qin lost his hanging, and he rose three times. Disciple said, "Is it evil not to be friends with Master?" Say: "Ran". "But, you hang up, what can you do?" Said, "Nature. At first I thought he was a man (1 1), but now he is not. Hold on to me (12), if an old man cries, he will cry for his son. Crying less is like crying mom. The reason why he will do it (13) is that someone must cry without saying anything. It is the punishment of escaping from Heaven (14) and forgetting what you have suffered (15). The ancients called it the punishment of escaping from heaven (16). Shi Lai (17), Master Shi Ye (18); Appropriate, the master is also suitable. In times of peace, sorrow and joy cannot enter. The ancients said it was the emperor's county solution (19). "
It means that it is a pity to be poor (20), and the fire spreads and I don't know what to do.
To annotate ...
① Official document announcement: According to legend, it is a Song people, and the official document has a compound surname and a name announcement. Teacher You: Official name. The ancients used to address someone by official name.
Jie: Alone with only one foot. If you say "knot" as "martial arts", you lose the meaning of a foot.
(3) Yes: This refers to the situation that there is only one foot on the body. Only one foot.
④ Harmony: The old note is interpreted as "* *", and the so-called "you and" refers to the bipedal * * * line. When we say "harmony", it means that people's looks should be given by nature.
⑤ pheasant (zhiì): pheasant, commonly known as pheasant.
⑥ (qí): Pray, hope. Livestock: raising. Fans: Cage.
⑦ Wang (wàng): Prosperity. In this sense, later generations wrote "Prosperity".
Lao Dan (dān): According to legend, I am Lao Zi, a native of Chu, and my surname is Li Minger.
Pet-name ruby Qin Yi: also known as "Qin Yi", is a friend of Lao Dan.
Indications: This refers to crying loudly.
(1 1) person: refers to the weeping person who has lost dialogue with Qin. And Qin defeat all take life and death very lightly. In Qin's lost eyes, his disciples should all be people who can transcend the world, but it is obviously too sad to cry for so long. This is a legacy.
Item (12): Just now.
(13) Petit: It refers to people who cry, that is, "old man" and "young man" in the first four sentences. So, let's say "the reason ...". Will: Let's get together and touch.
(14) escape: escape, violation. Times: It means "back" and betrayal. When we say "double", we mean "add" and we mean gain.
(15) Forget what he suffered: to the effect that he forgot the truth of being ordered by heaven. Zhuangzi believes that the human body is inherited from nature, and only in this way can we live and die. If it produces good life and hates death, it will forget that this is the truth of God's destiny.
(16) Punishment: negligence. "Escaping punishment" means that excessive sentimentality will inevitably go against the way of nature and lead to mistakes. When you say "punishment", you mean punishment and humiliation.
(17) Suitable: accidental. Come: coming to this world is to leave this world, as opposed to "going" in the next sentence; "Come" and "go" here actually refer to people's life and death.
Host: It refers to Lao Dan.
(19) Emperor: Heaven is the master of all things. County (xuán): same as "hanging". "The solution of the emperor county" still refers to "natural liberation". In Zhuangzi's view, joys and sorrows can't be entered, and life and death can't be tied. "Peace" can naturally relieve the bondage, just like lifting the suffering of upside down.
(20) The meaning of this sentence has always been different and irrelevant. According to the above, it can be understood that "finger" and "salary" are fat salary, also called candle salary, which is used to get light, and "poverty" means exhaustion. Oil burns in the soaked firewood, but the fire will not go out and will spread to infinity.
translate
Wen Wenxuan was surprised to see Teacher You and said, "Who is this? Why only one foot? Is it born with only one foot, or is it artificially lost? " The right teacher said, "Born in heaven, not man-made. God gave me such a body, I only have one foot, and people's looks are completely given by God. So knowing is natural, not artificial. "
The pheasant on the edge of the swamp can only peck at one bite of food after ten steps, and can only drink one mouthful of water after hundreds of steps, but it will not pray for animals to be locked in cages at all. Although you don't have to struggle to find food in the cage, even if you are strong, you are very uncomfortable.
Dead, his friend Qin lost. He left in tears. Lao Dan's disciple asked, "Aren't you a friend of our teacher?" Qin Shi said, "Yes." The disciples asked again, "Is it okay to mourn your friends like this?" Qin Shi said, "Good. I thought you had been detached from the teacher for many years, but now it seems that this is not the case. Just now, I walked into the mourning room to pay my respects. Some old people are crying for him, just as parents are crying for their children. There are young people crying for him, just like children crying for their parents. The reason why they are gathered here must be that someone doesn't want to say anything but can't help saying something. He didn't want to cry, but he couldn't help crying. It is against common sense to love life so much and hate death. They all forget that man is endowed by nature and ordered by heaven. In ancient times, people called this practice a fault of deviating from nature. When you come into the world by accident, your teacher is born in time; Accidental death, your teacher died in obedience. Be content with the constancy of nature, change with nature, and sorrow and joy cannot enter the heart. In ancient times, people called it liberation from nature, as if to relieve the suffering of hanging upside down. "
The candle will burn out eventually, but the fire will continue and never go out.