149210 June 12, Columbus led an expedition to land on the island of San Salvador, and Europeans jumped to America for the first time, opening a new chapter in history. In Columbus's early nautical diaries, tobacco was only briefly mentioned, but it was later mentioned unusually in the reports of other explorers. These reports said that they saw "many men and women holding' (charcoal) in their hands in order to get some fragrance for themselves. "Later found that the burning" charcoal "is rolled tobacco. People light one end of this tobacco leaf, inhale it through their mouths at the other end, and then exhale the smoke through their mouths or noses. Native Americans have a long history of smoking. According to archaeological analysis, American residents had the habit of smoking 3500 years ago. The Mayans once flourished, and the ancient cultural relics there left many mysteries for historians. In Chiapas, southern Mexico, there are still stone reliefs of Mayan priests wearing dresses and smoking pipes, which are recognized as the oldest smoking pictures in the world. According to legend, smoking is related to religion. Tobacco has an intoxicating aroma, which can relieve fatigue, refresh the mind and even cure diseases. People think that tobacco is a kind of "divine grass" with the help of "God". At that time, smoking was carried out by priests as a religious ceremony. Because smoking is religious and superstitious, it not only becomes a habit, but also becomes an important etiquette at parties or religious ceremonies. Indians light their pipes at major gatherings and smoke from top to bottom. Everyone must be serious to show solemnity. Strangely, when the Indian army goes out to war, it always smokes a pack of cigarettes to boost morale. When the two sides make peace, they should also give each other a tobacco pouch symbolizing peace first. The earliest written record about smoking may be a story about French Romans written by a Spaniard in Pan Shi. This book describes the author's second voyage to the West Indies aboard the Columbine in 1497, in which smoking is discussed. Another book that first talked about smoking was The Safe History of India published by Genzalo Fernndez Oviaedo, a maritime historian, in 1535, which recorded: "Among other evil habits, Indians have a particularly harmful habit, that is, smoking a certain kind of cigarette ... in order to produce unconscious anesthesia. They smoked like this, and then they lost consciousness and lay on the ground with their limbs stretched out, like a drunk sleepy. "

With the opening of the waterway to America, the communication between Europe and America has become increasingly frequent, and tobacco leaves and tobacco seeds have been brought to Europe and spread to other places. Later, it was found that tobacco was toxic and had medicinal functions such as anesthesia, which spread widely. There is a Frenchman named Nicholas who lives in Lisbon, Portugal (ambassador to Portugal) and is very interested in American plants. Some plants are very different from those in Europe. He once heard people say that tobacco can relieve fatigue, relieve pain and treat diseases, especially headaches. About 1560, Nigut got tobacco seeds from other people's gifts and planted them carefully in his garden. Sure enough, tobacco grows luxuriantly, and it feels good to try smoking after harvesting its leaves. In memory of nicotine, people call it nicotine. Almost at the same time, some people contributed to the spread of tobacco. For example, the French missionary Tiwitt went to Brazil as an explorer in 1566 and brought tobacco seeds and smoking methods to France. He said in his "Water chestnuts": "There is a kind of grass in Brazil called Petum (also known as tobacco by local people), which can purify the mucus in the brain and is very beneficial to the human body." He also said that tobacco can "quench thirst". If you smoke too much, you will be as drunk as hard liquor. Another example is Sir Raleigh, a British navigator, poet and economist, who was very famous during the period of Queen Elizabeth I. He traveled around the world and learned to smoke. 1585, the first British colony was established in Virginia, USA, which had an important impact on the development of tobacco and the spread of smoking in Britain. Native Americans used to call tobacco by various names, such as Persham, Pisafu, Kriba, Yuri, Opowa and so on. Columbus sailed to America for the second time and named the present island Tobago. Because the topography of this island is very similar to the shape of the Y-shaped pipe used by Indians, the Spanish call tobacco Tobago. From then on, all countries in the world came directly or indirectly from America, and their names were transliterated. Even though the Spanish word Tobago is similar to other languages in the world, it forms a common tobacco name: Portuguese "tobaco", French "Tabac", German "Tabak", English "Tobaco" and Japanese "わでげ". "

Tobacco is a late-maturing crop. Before Columbus discovered the New World, no nation in the world knew what smoking was like except American Indians. Today, smoking is prevalent in every corner of the earth, and tobacco has various connections with our lives. The first tobacco monopoly in China history.

Yuan Shikai is a famous traitor because he is very good at making profits. However, when he was governor of Zhili in Qing Dynasty, minister of Beiyang and president of the Republic of China, he created three firsts in the history of tobacco development in China in order to make up the fiscal deficit.

The first is to levy tobacco and alcohol taxes. 19 1 1 year, in the second year of Yuan Shikai's appointment as governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang, tobacco and alcohol tax was levied in Zhili, and it was vigorously promoted to the whole country. In his memorial to Emperor Guangxu, he said: "Alcohol and tobacco are the needs of folk hobbies and have nothing to do with health preservation, and there is no obstacle to re-collection." After several months of trial operation, "the tax reduction has reached 102 thousand." The income was not small, and it was recognized by Emperor Guangxu, aiming to set up a tax on tobacco and alcohol in Zhili for the training of soldiers. "A levy of 102,000 yuan a year should not be short." Later, the zhili tobacco and alcohol tax regulations were formulated, which stipulated the taxation methods in detail. Zhili tobacco tax had a certain influence, and was gradually followed by other provinces.

The second is to start a cigarette factory. Since cigarettes were imported into China from 65438 to 0890, "China's profit source overflowed tens of thousands of dollars", which seriously affected the interests of the bureaucratic bourgeoisie. With the advocacy and support of Yuan Shikai and others, Beiyang Tobacco Company was established in Tianjin on 1902. This is the first machine-made tobacco factory set up by national capital in China, and it is also the only tobacco industry jointly run by government and businessmen in Qing Dynasty. In the process of establishment, Yuan Shikai asked everything in detail. At the beginning of the company's establishment, it developed quite well. However, due to the feudal bureaucrats in power and heavy debts, the company was declared bankrupt less than four years after its establishment.

The third is to implement national public sales of tobacco and alcohol. After Yuan Shikai stole the president of the Republic of China, he lived in luxury, and later attempted to be the emperor, "spending all his money on invisible hidden expenses." In order to make up the fiscal deficit, financial director Zhou and his aides proposed that the state should manage the public sale of tobacco and alcohol. This proposal was approved by Yuan Shikai. 19 15 in may, the "interim general rules for national tobacco and alcohol sales" was approved and issued, and the national tobacco and alcohol sales bureau was established. This is the first tobacco monopoly in China. In fact, the so-called public sale only increased and rectified the tobacco tax at that time, but did not manage the market.

Although Yuan Shikai's measures of levying tobacco tax, setting up tobacco factories and selling tobacco and alcohol were for his own personal purpose, they also laid the foundation for China's cigarette industry and tobacco monopoly, and also occupied an important position in the history of China's tobacco development. Let's look at our own cigarettes. Panda Panda brand 1956 started. It has a mysterious special background for nearly half a century and is deeply loved by the great man Mr. Deng Xiaoping. As the flagship brand of Shanghai Tobacco, Panda adheres to Lingyun's humble spirit and perfectly demonstrates its consistent quality and world-leading bearing. Every tiny detail shows exquisite craftsmanship, and every millimeter exudes a perfect atmosphere.

As the representative of China's top cigarette brand image, we are committed to becoming the representative of the identity, appreciation and values of successful people in China, providing them with unparalleled quality enjoyment and service value. Its significance at the brand level is greater than that at the sales level, and the market also has a process of gradual entry. Therefore, Panda plays a representative role in the brand structure of Shanghai Tobacco Group, and together with China brand * * *, it has established a strong position of Shanghai Tobacco in the high-end cigarette market.

If it is a person, China is the head, the panda is the crown, and the panda (collector's edition) is the pearl in the crown. Panda (collector's edition) is a classic in the family of "Panda" cigarette brands. With a special supply background of nearly half a century, it is deeply loved by the great Deng Man Xiaoping and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. It was not until 1997 that Hong Kong returned to China that it was supplied to the market in the form of gift boxes. Cigarettes completely maintain the original flavor of the special supply period, condense historical feelings and great man complex, and are sold in a limited time, which is a precious collection gift. Therefore, the mission of Panda (collector's edition) is mainly to strengthen the ultimate quality, legendary history and top image of Panda brand, rather than pursuing sales. In 1950s and 1960s, Zhonghua brand cigarette was a high-grade and high-quality flue-cured tobacco product, known as "national cigarette" and an outstanding representative of China cigarette brand. Zhonghua brand cigarettes are golden in color and pure in fragrance, and won the "National Quality Gold Award" and "Top Ten Famous Trademarks in China". Zhonghua brand cigarettes have gradually formed 18mg, 15mg and 1 1mg series products with different tar contents and various specifications.

Over the past 50 years, the quality of "Zhonghua" brand cigarettes has been continuously improved, endowed with new technical content, and achieved sustained, stable and healthy development. At first, "Zhonghua" brand cigarettes were 20 soft-packed and smooth-mouthed cigarettes. 1959 produced filter-tip cigarettes. Although the product quality has reached a higher level, the production quantity is still very small. The output of "Zhonghua" brand cigarettes in 1966 is 3600 cases, while the filter-tip cigarettes are only 1 10 cases. Before and after the reform and opening-up, the equipment was updated, and the mass production of all-package filter cigarettes was realized internationally. 1988, the output of "Zhonghua" brand cigarettes broke through 10000 cases, and reached a higher level. In the 1990s, the development speed was obviously accelerated. 1997, the output of "Zhonghua" brand cigarettes exceeded 654.38 million boxes, and the average growth rate in recent years exceeded 10%. Over the past 50 years, the cumulative production and sales of "Zhonghua" brand cigarettes is about 1.25 million cases, which has made outstanding contributions to socialist modernization, and its quality, reputation and benefit are among the best in the same industry. These achievements have condensed the sweat and wisdom of generations of smokers.