Who did people really call "Shixian" at that time? But Bai Juyi had two nicknames at that time, one was "Poet Fairy" and the other was "Poet Fairy". Bai Juyi, whether in the fairy world or the demon world, has occupied it. I can tell you with facts, who is the truly most famous poet in Xian Yi, regardless of age? But the story of Bai Juyi's The Legend of the Demon Cat is of course written by the screenwriter, but there are two real characters in it, one is Bai Letian, and the other is. Why did the screenwriter set Bai Juyi as the character in the film? In fact, it was because Bai Juyi's fame was already great.
Li Bai and Du Fu are the two most famous poets in the Tang Dynasty. We chose them in this series. At the same time, why choose Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan? Because they are the greatest writers in the Tang Dynasty. Han Yu is very powerful, and Su Shi is also awesome. There are not many people who can be praised by Su Shi. Su Shi commented on Han Yu in four sentences. The first sentence is called "the decline of eight generations of literature". What do you mean? That is to say, China's ancient writing style declined from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, and the middle part was useless. To put it bluntly, for Han Yu, it was a "decadent voice" from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty to the Han Yu era. Who reversed this "decadent voice"? Han Yu. So it is "the decline of eight generations of literature."
What's the second sentence called? It's called "Dojo drowned in the world". What do you mean? It is in Su Shi's view that the Confucian ideology and culture in the Tang Dynasty are not authentic. He believes that this directly led to the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion, that is, the world did not know what the mainstream values were. What should that be? It should be Confucianism, so it is "Tao Ji drowned the world." No one in the world understands Confucianism. Where can it be revitalized? Han Yu.
The third sentence is called "loyal ministers are angry with prisoners." Because he was loyal and dared to speak, he always upset the emperor and even almost killed him. As we all know, in the table of persuading and welcoming Buddha's bones, the emperor should worship Buddha in Famen Temple, and Han Yu thinks that Confucianism should be respected and Buddha's bones should not worship Sakyamuni. Of course, we now know that Buddhist culture is also an important part of China culture, right? But in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu wholeheartedly advocated Confucianism, which was very risky, so he "played the imperial edict early and demoted Chaozhou Road late." Being demoted to Chaozhou is the third sentence.
What's the fourth sentence called? "Take the handsome of the three armies." He fought and led troops, and he was the only one among the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His position at that time was called "Sima Marching", which was equivalent to the chief of staff of our former enemy headquarters. What kind of war is he fighting? At that time, the separatist forces of a buffer region in the Tang Dynasty were very serious. Tang Xianzong appointed Pei Du as the commander-in-chief of the crusade against separatist forces, and Han Yu was among them. Han Yu, male, is proficient in literature, thinking, minister and teaching.
Of course, what is his greatest contribution? The change of China's writing style began with Han Yu. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were the leaders of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and Liu Zongyuan was also a great essayist. We all know the story of donkey, slug and Xiaoshitang in Guizhou. We read these articles in primary school and middle school. You read very well. Don't forget that it was written by Liu Zongyuan, not to mention that Liu Zongyuan was exiled to Yongzhou, Hunan Province in his thirties, where he was exiled for ten years and then to Liuzhou, Guangxi for four years. From his thirties to 14, he spent the rest of his life in exile. Although he was exiled, he wrote many fables and poems. "A hundred mountains without birds and a thousand paths without footprints" was written at this time. He is a depressed person, so we talk about Liu Han for a reason.
In the Song Dynasty, more people organized this part. Why did you choose Ouyang Xiu? Six of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties came from the Song Dynasty, so Ouyang Xiu is one of these six, and the other five are all his students or promoted by him, so he is a literate sect. What's more, how well he wrote the Preface to the Drunk Pavilion. "The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but also between mountains and rivers." This is also the reason why Ouyang Xiu was selected.
Why did you choose Wang Anshi? Wang Anshi is the highest rank among the characters involved in these ten books and has always been the prime minister. Wang Anshi had great ambitions since he was a child. He took the Jinshi exam, which is equivalent to the current college entrance examination, but it is much more difficult than the college entrance examination. He was the first in the exam, and then the paper was handed over to Song Renzong. Injong was very unhappy with an allusion used in it, so he transferred him to the fourth place. Wang Anshi reacted very coldly to this. He said that I only took the Jinshi exam to be an official and to earn a salary to support my family. But what shall I do in the future? Is to win glory with the sun and the moon. Now typing in the computer, which two words must follow "Wang Anshi"? "Reform". So in the ancient history of China, there were Shang Yang Reform, Wang Anshi Reform and Zhang Reform, but the real reform played a huge role at that time, and Wang Anshi was the one who could die well. Shang Yang was later dismembered and Zhang was flogged after his death, but Wang Anshi should say that his funeral was not so tragic.
At the same time, Wang Anshi is also a very famous poet and essayist. Everyone knows the famous saying, "When will the bright moon shine on me in Jiang Nanan?". How many times has the word "green" been discussed? There are many children today, including his "On". It is good for children to be smart and talented when they are young, but they should continue to learn. If they give up studying and just show off, the final result will be "nobody cares". This is why Wang Anshi was chosen.
Not to mention "three sous". Who can have this father and son? China's ancient history is rare. The "Three Caos" and the "Three Yuan" of the Ming Dynasty Public Security School are counted, but it is extremely rare to truly resemble the "Three Sows". Su Zhe, the highest official, is the second official of the Deputy Prime Minister. When the two brothers were officials at the same time, his brother was three grades lower than him and was a bachelor of Hanlin, but being an official was not their main pursuit. Su Shi once said that my brother was too low-key and quiet. In fact, his article is better than mine. Su Zhe said that my previous articles were not much different from my brother's, but since my brother was demoted to Huangzhou, in the present words, he ran too fast. Why? After Su Shi was relegated to Huangzhou, his thoughts and feelings changed greatly, and he accepted Buddhism at this time. Therefore, there is not only a dilution and broadmindedness in his articles, but also a very harmonious and mature attitude towards life philosophy.
It can be said that without Su Zhe, Su Shi's brilliance could not be set off, but without Su Xun, these two sons could not have achieved anything later. Although Su Zhe and Su Shi are more famous and official than his father, neither of them entered the Saint Amethyst. "Sue, at the age of 27, began to study hard" is a description of Su Xun. There are only 1.200 words in the three-character classic, and there are 1.2 words in Su Xun. Who do you think can occupy the word 1.2 in history? It is not easy.
Where is Su Shi's comprehensive embodiment? He was the first chief executive of eight counties, including Mizhou, Dingzhou, Huzhou and Hangzhou, similar to the current mayor. He was the first mayor of eight places, which shows that he has a lot of local experience. He is also experienced in the Central Committee. He worked as an official minister, and now he is equivalent to the Minister of Culture and Education. He also worked as an official minister, equivalent to the Minister of National Defense, and also worked as an official minister, equivalent to the Minister of the Central Organization Department and the Minister of National Personnel. He finally got a bachelor's degree in Hanlin, which I think is basically equivalent to the level of our current Politburo member.
Politically, Su Shi is a school of his own, which, in his own words, means "striving for interests and using strengths". The new law is not necessarily all right, and the old law is not necessarily all wrong. There is only one standard for everything, that is, everything is people-centered. As long as it is beneficial to the people, we will do beneficial laws. Before he was demoted to Huangzhou, he resolutely opposed the new law. Everyone knew that he and Sima Guang could not cope. However, after returning from Huangzhou, his thoughts have changed greatly. He thinks everything should be realistic, and we will do it as long as it is beneficial to the people. As long as it is people-centered, we will do it.
Su Shi's poems are representative of the Song Dynasty. He and his disciple Huang Tingjian are called "Su Huang", and his article with his teacher Ouyang Xiu is called "Ou Su". As the saying goes, "Owen is like the tide, Su Wen is like the sea". If Su Shi copied his teacher's Preface to Drunk Pavilion and wrote this page well, he could sell one or two pieces of gold in the Southern Song Dynasty. Su Shi founded the uninhibited school and was called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty. His calligraphy is one of the four masters in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also a representative of the academic school of Shu studies. He is also a representative figure of Huzhou Bamboo School. Because his cousin Wen Tong is good at drawing bamboo, he also draws bamboo. He is good at drawing dead trees and strange stones.
Su Shi's Strange Trees and Stones
Su Shi is also a gourmet. Now everyone eats Dongpo elbow, which was invented by Su Shi in Huangzhou. He also invented Dongpo soup and Dongpo fish. What is Dongpo soup? Dongpo soup is the bibimbap we eat now. If you buy mixed rice at noon and meditate on Su Dongpo, the taste will be much more fragrant. Why bibimbap? Because many of Su Shi's friends are Taoists and monks, it is convenient to bring a meal, rice and soup.
Su Shi is also a famous health preserving family. His years of exile and relegation accumulated to 12 years, so Su Shi paid attention to health wherever he went. He lived to 66 years old, and the years of exile and relegation added up to 12 years. And all kinds of literary works he created add up to nearly ten thousand. Without strong vitality, tenacious willpower and genius creativity, it is difficult to do this. Moreover, although Su Shi encountered poverty and evil, he never compromised. Although he suffered many misfortunes, he remained optimistic all the time. Just like the well-known phrase "there is no rain or rain in his life ... and there is no rain or shine".
Another very important person is Ceng Gong. What do people say about Ceng Gong? People who recite Tang and Song Ba often forget him, don't they? I can't remember who. The one I can't remember is Ceng Gong. Ceng Gong, a native of Jiangxi, is a fellow countryman with Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi. At that time, neither he nor Wang Anshi was admitted to Jinshi, but he had a very good relationship with Ouyang Xiu. He wrote to Wang Anshi and Ouyang Xiu to introduce them. This shows the character of this person. His family is very poor and takes the lead in supporting the family in a large family. To this end, he didn't take the second Jinshi exam until he was 39 years old and passed it.
That's not the most important thing. In the ten years after Ceng Gong was admitted to Jinshi, at least one person in his family was admitted to Jinshi every year, either his brother or his brother-in-law. Ceng Gong not only took the Jinshi exam by himself, maintained his family's livelihood, ran around doing business, but also educated his younger siblings to take the Jinshi exam. So Ceng Gong's contribution to the family is enormous.
There is also the only female writer in this book that we are very familiar with-Li Qingzhao. Many women like Li Qingzhao very much, in fact, many men also like it. Why does Li Qingzhao, as a woman, occupy such a special and lofty position in the development of ancient China literature? On the one hand, it is true that her handwriting is so good that it is written in our hearts, such as "Fight for the ferry, fight for the ferry, and start a beach of gulls and herons" and "Don't die, the curtain rolls with the west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers".
But I think the most important thing is that Li Qingzhao is different from ordinary women, just like "this woman is not simple" sung in Shajiabang. Why do you say that? She was very familiar with the overall political situation at that time, which originated from her family background. She comes from a high-level intellectual family, and her father Li is called "the fourth bachelor of post-Sumen". Moreover, the atmosphere in her home is very relaxed, and the information revealed by many words written as a child makes people feel that she is carefree. Family environment is particularly important when children are young. They should be knowledgeable, knowledgeable and have a relaxed atmosphere.
The second point of happiness in her life is her marriage. She is like-minded to Zhao Mingcheng, and she stays at a respectful distance from him. That's harmony between piano and instrument. In the ancient feudal society of China, it was difficult for her to find a suitable husband and in-laws, but it happened to her. Zhao Mingcheng has been collecting cultural relics since he was about nine years old, so if children have any hobbies, parents must pay attention to cultivating them. It was at that time that Zhao Mingcheng began to pay attention to panning for cultural relics, and this interest accompanied him all his life. Li Qingzhao is as interested in this thing as her husband. Couples often have no money, so they pawn their winter clothes in summer and then go to Suoguo Temple to find cultural relics. When you look at a picture and light a candle, you must light the candle from beginning to end, and then put the picture away, so that two people can have a rest. Zhao Mingcheng's later death was a great blow to Li Qingzhao, but she kept the cultural relics collected by Zhao Mingcheng.
In her later years, Li Qingzhao married a man named Zhang Ruzhou because she was too lonely. They were married less than 100 days, and Li Qingzhao asked for a divorce, which is too fast now, not to mention that Li Qingzhao is in her fifties and sixties. Just this one thing, we know that Li Qingzhao is definitely not a weak woman like Tang Wan. She is a person who makes her own decisions. She wrote, "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost." . I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. However, Du Mu's values of "Jiangdong children are versatile, and it is unknown to make a comeback" are simply unacceptable to Li Qingzhao. Be a man, like Xiang Yu, stick to principles and sacrifice one's life for righteousness.
According to the law of Song Dynasty, a woman can only divorce with her husband's consent. What if her husband doesn't agree? According to the law, if you have to divorce, unless the husband breaks the law. Then Li Qingzhao sued her husband, saying that her husband had perverted the law and made a confession. However, the law of the Song Dynasty also stipulated that even if the wife won the case, if she sued her husband Gan Kun, she would have to go to prison for at least two years, and Li Qingzhao admitted it. Of course, it didn't take her that long afterwards. Through this story, you can feel that this woman has the courage to be independent. I'm not saying divorce is a good thing. As for why the couple divorced, we won't discuss it, but this kind of outrageous behavior is beyond the reach of ordinary people.
Therefore, the characters involved in the series "Kang Zhen Lectures" are maverick and have made contributions to the ancient literature, politics and cultural history of China. In personality, self-cultivation and doing things, he is a model for future generations, which we can imitate, so I want to dedicate these characters to everyone. I think it is meaningful to ourselves, our children and our relatives and friends, including our elders.
To make the book more interesting, I drew the cover myself, and the words "Kang Zhen speaks" were written by my son. I wrote the word on the cover and drew illustrations in it. I also want to learn from Li Qingzhao and make my own decisions. In fact, I am very grateful to Zhonghua Book Company. They tolerate a non-professional like me and are willing to show their words and paintings in books published by Zhonghua Book Company with a history of 100 years. I don't think all authors can enjoy such tolerance, so I would also like to thank Zhonghua Book Company here.
The reason why I insist on publishing my book in Zhonghua Book Company is that I publish books that are well-known in China's classical literature. In this regard, I think China has a responsibility to play a leading role. I think although my book is not the best, I published it in the best publishing house, potentially trying to tell everyone that maybe my book can reach the best level. Thank you very much, thank you!
Moderator: Mr. Kang is well-deserved-the color and art are also high and the book is good, so I am very grateful to Mr. Kang for giving us a wonderful lecture today. Next, we will enter the signing stage. Please stay in your seat for the time being and the staff will arrange it for you. Today, all Mr. Kang's works will be sold at a 20% discount. Thanks again!