First of all, these two means are political acts of feudal cultural autocracy, and they are rude interference in ideological and academic freedom and development.
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the state advocated inaction politically, ignored taxes economically, and prevailed inaction and Huang Lao theory ideologically. Of course, this is also the last resort of the royal family. In order to establish the Han Dynasty, the war burned to almost every corner of the world, which was deserted and messy, and the people were displaced, and the world could no longer stand any trouble. Therefore, the national policy at that time was to recuperate, which was also the fundamental reason for the prevalence of quietism.
By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the country had recovered from the depression caused by years of war, with rapid development of social economy and culture, and all walks of life were full of vitality. However, due to the loose domestic policy and the rapid expansion of vassal power, it poses a great threat to the central government, and the vibrant Han Dynasty is in danger. At this time, it is extremely urgent to increase the control of the central government over local governments and the maintenance of local politics by the government. The study of Huang Lao is no longer applicable to countries with rapid economic and cultural development, and even becomes an obstacle to national development.
At this time, a new idea is needed. So Dong Zhongshu brought it up? To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone? . This thought is not the true face of Confucianism in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. But some thoughts of Taoism, Legalism, Yin-Yang and Five Elements are mixed, which embodies Confucianism? Compatible? With what? Development? The characteristic is the new Confucianism that keeps pace with the times. Was this idea put forward? Sacred right? 、? Harmony between man and nature? 、? Heaven-man induction? Advocating the unification of spring and autumn, advocating the rule of the family and the world, and actively joining the WTO coincide with the idea of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. With the promotion of the status of Confucianism, it not only improved the status of Confucian scholars, but also promoted Confucian education and established imperial academy all over the country, which broke the monopoly of the nobility on official positions and virtually weakened the power of the aristocratic class.
But if you look at Qin Shihuang burning books and burying Confucianism, first introduce the big environment at that time. Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, reformed all aspects of the country and implemented the New Deal. What did Dr. Qi oppose Yue's practice at that time? County system? According to the ancient system, children were enfeoffed. This is because Qin Shihuang thought that this was simply splitting the country. You know, at this time, the Qin State has implemented the county system for seven generations (Qin Xiaogong to Qin Shihuang were the seven emperors) during the Shang Yang political reform, and officially established the imperial county system for eight years, with a cumulative county system of 1 30 years. ?
It's like going back to history and repeating the same old tune for such a period of time. As a representative of legalism, prime minister and advocate of county system, Reese is the most important fighter in this debate. Facing the decadent remarks that had been abandoned as early as six generations ago when Shang Yang reformed, Li Si bitterly refuted the argument of "turning the past into the present", exposed the position that Confucianism was attached to the feudal system, and proposed to burn practical learning except the agricultural medical Mohist and Qin Gong history books? The book of the king? 、? Spring and Autumn Ancient Books? And private schools are forbidden to criticize state affairs, which is the reason for burning books. Historical data prove that only the historical books of various countries were burned, and books such as poems, books, rituals and music were only symbolically confiscated and burned. Six arts have not been lost, but have been handed down. ?
However, the practice of burning books and burying Confucianism certainly played an important role in consolidating the rule of the Qin Dynasty, but it was too radical compared with the implementation of this measure, which eventually led to the death of Qin Dynasty.