Li Mengyang (1473 ~ 1530) was a writer in Ming dynasty. The word is auspicious, and the number is empty. Qingyang (now Gansu) people. Born in poverty. Great-grandfather married Wang, and his father restored Li's surname. In the sixth year of Hongzhi (1493), he won the first place in Shaanxi after the provincial examination, and was a scholar the following year. I have been staying at home because I lost my parents. Until the eleventh year of Hongzhi, he became the head of the household department and later became a doctor. In April of the eighteenth year of Hongzhi, he was imprisoned in Jinyi Prison for impeaching Zhang Heling, who was so powerful that he was soon released and fined for three months. After he got out of prison, he met Zhang Heling on the road. Li Mengyang whipped and knocked out two of his teeth, which showed his tough attitude of detesting evil. Guo Zhuomao called Li Mengyang "a bold poet in the literary world of Ming Dynasty in China". Zheng Deyuannian (1506) was deposed as Chief Secretary of Shanxi Province for writing an impeachment letter to courtier Liu Jin, and was soon imprisoned for other things. Lai Kang Hai interceded. After Liu Jin's defeat, he resumed his official position in the former dynasty and moved to Jiangxi, supplemented by studying. Later, he was cut for writing Yangchun Academy for Zhu. In view of the shortcomings of "slow, redundant and monotonous" in Taige poetry at that time, Li Mengyang was determined to advocate retro to save his paralysis, which did make some progress. He believes that "Song people dominate the main theme, so the Tang tune also dies" (preface to Yinyun); At the same time, he despised the poems in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and thought that "followers such as Zhiyuan, Bai, Han, Meng, Pi and Lu were poems, and they fought with each other for thousands of words, which was different from entering the market for gold" (Essays and Xu). Wei Jin advocated learning ancient poems, while Tang Dynasty advocated modern sports. His views have great influence. "Biography of Wen Yuan in Ming Dynasty" said that he and He Jingming "advocated restoring ancient ways, and literature began in Xijing and poetry began in the middle Tang Dynasty, all of which were abolished. The man who talks about art is Weng Ranzong. However, Li Mengyang put too much emphasis on style and French, and failed to seek innovation from retro. Especially in the debate between him and He Jingming, he was impulsive and his arguments were more extreme, which led to the disadvantages of deliberately Gu Zhuo and even embarked on the road of plagiarism, killing the vitality of poetry creation. It was not until his later years that he repented. In Preface to Poetry, he admitted that "true poetry is among the people" and that his poems are sentimental, not true poems.
Life in Li Mengyang
Li Mengyang (1473- 1530) was born in Qingyang, Gansu (Shaanxi in Ming Dynasty). At the age of eleven (in the eighteenth year of Chenghua, 1482), he moved to Kaifeng with his father, Li Zhengshi, a professor at Zhoufu. 2 1 year-old (five years of Hongzhi, 1492), Li Mengyang won the first place after having obtained the provincial examination in Shaanxi, and was a scholar the following year. Because his mother Hui Gao died that year, and his father died two years later, Li Mengyang was always worried about staying at home and was not granted an official position. It was not until he was twenty-seven years old that he worshipped the director of the Ministry, became a six-product official and started his career. Li Mengyang was born in poverty, and at the same time he was a stubborn man. Shortly after he became an official, he was imprisoned for the first time when he was in charge of taxation. According to Li Mengyang's poem "Li Xia", it is self-evident: "Hongzhi has a heart for years and sits in Yu He to store grain." Xian Cui's "Kongtong Li Jun's Epitaph" said: "Always supervise the three customs, attract investment, strictly use it, meet the needs of the people, and be imprisoned and released." Xu Jin's "Kongtong Li Cemetery Table" also records: "The initial public tax has three levels, and the legislation is strict. Please don't mind. Respect it, arrest it and find it. " Based on the above materials, it can be seen that Meng Yang was falsely accused of being imprisoned for grain and grass in Yuhe (now near Gyeonggi, not far from Juyongguan) because of his strict usage, which conflicted with the powerful situation, but he was quickly released. This happened in the 14th year of Hongzhi (150 1). Mengyang has just "stood up" in age, but it has experienced the first wave of ups and downs of officialdom.
In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi (1505), Li Mengyang wrote a letter to Xiaozong, illegally introducing Shouning Hou Li Mengyang, which led to his second imprisonment. The whole process of this matter is described in detail by Li Mengyang in the secret record attached to the Manuscript of Shang Xiaozong: "So he wrote a secret play, which covered the whole thing." Straw, sleeves over the edge, doctor (salute). When the person who presided over the meeting came, Wang Biao looked at his sleeve and said, "What can I do for you? You must warn the grass. "So far, that is, the wife didn't know, I don't know why the king is so suspicious. However, Cao Xian is the second son, and the king said,' If he is not here, it will be a great disaster.' ..... and sparse, don't report also, thought that did not report. One day, suddenly there was an imperial edict to take Meng Yang down and send him to prison. I knew Zhang had this statement. Zhang sentenced me to ten crimes, but she didn't want to be the queen mother, which shows that Zhang finally dismissed her. The imperial edict stipulates: "Li Mengyang falsely accused the minister, and his aunt was given a lighter punishment and fined for three months." This 18 year is April 16. "
Zhang is the younger brother of Emperor Zhang, a dutiful son, and was named Hou Shouning. The uncle recruited scoundrels and left the people in the cold. Mengyang was outspoken to the emperor and exposed Zhang's evil deeds. Shouninghou quickly retaliated, grabbed the last sentence in Meng Yang's recitation, saying that "Zhang is a person with a thick family with Zhang", and took the method of taking it out of context and replacing the tree with flowers, stubbornly saying that "Zhang" who exposed Zhang Guojiu was called "Zhang" who scolded Queen Zhang. At that time, "the queen was favored and the stepmother, Mrs. Jin, was embarrassed." The emperor got it, Mengyang Jinyi Prison "("Li Ming Mengyang Biography "). Fortunately, Xiao Zong understood, and soon released Meng Yang, and called Zhang Heling into the palace and reprimanded him. However, Li Mengyang was indignant at this humiliation. "One day, Meng Yang met the profile of Shouning Houli Mengyang, and punched him, and the horse lost two teeth. Shouning Hou dare not go to school "(ditto). In the second power-to-power struggle, Li Mengyang risked being beheaded. Frankly speaking, he played with national interests and even angered the royal family afterwards. Although he was arrested and imprisoned and lost his salary for three months, he won a good reputation for being upright and upright above the court. In May of that year, Xiao Zong died and Wu Zong acceded to the throne. By going up one flight of stairs, the official of Mengyang, became the foreign minister in the Ministry of Immigration, from the fifth grade. In the second year, Yuan was changed, and Mengyang entered the doctor again and won five prizes. After Wu Zong ascended the throne, a group of old eunuchs in the East Palace came to power, intervened in the state affairs and ran roughshod over, which made many honest officials in the DPRK dissatisfied. With the support of three senior cabinet ministers of Emperor Wendi-Liu Jian, Li Dongyang and Xie Qian, Meng Yang wrote a letter to the eunuch, and led the ministers to ask Liu Jin and other eight tigers to be punished, which caused an uproar at that time. It is recorded in the secret record attached to Li Mengyang's "Acting Eunuch": "In every dynasty, Koreans abdicated to subordinate officials and castrated them with a few tears. The doctor said, "palace, minister!" " ! What's the use of crying?' Han Palace said,' What can we do?' Yue:' It's better to admonish the minister with a chapter and give it to the eunuch, and I'll go down to the cabinet. Three old people, Gu Ye. It is very powerful to hear the warning official seal. At this time, ministers will fight to the death, and it will be much easier for the cabinet and ministers to fight together. "Han Palace then smoothed her shoulders, resolutely changed her face and said,' Good! Is that I'm going to die at the age of five! Immortality is not enough to serve the country. "The second day early in the morning, Han Gongmi knocked on the door of the three elders, and the three elders agreed, and advocated the ministers, all of whom were very enthusiastic. Han Gong was overjoyed, so he retired and called Meng Yang to make grass. "
Li Mengyang drafted it on behalf of North Korea, which is the famous "representative of disintegrated eunuchs". This was presented in September and October, and Korea led the courtiers to fight for it. Who knows, the emperor put Liu Jin in prison this month, saying, "Go to the Ministry of Commerce to learn Korean, take Liu Jian as an official" ("Today's Words"). Liu Jin's "Stop Officials or Punish Dozens of Officials" also refers to loyal people at home and abroad as traitors, and lists them for court (ibid.). Use "the 53-member Party to compare, announce and warn the ministers" ("Shi Ming Wu Zongji"). Meng Yang was naturally among the 53 people, but because Liu Jin didn't know that Meng Yang had written it illegally at that time, she only put it back in the field in the spring and February of Zheng De's second year (1507). In May of the following year, Liu Jin learned that the violation was Meng Yang grass, so she wanted to take Meng Yang from Kaifeng to Beijing to be imprisoned and kill him quickly. Fortunately, "Kang Hai said it was free" (Biography of Li Mengyang in Ming Dynasty). It was not until August that Meng Yang was pardoned. Li Mengyang's third struggle against power showed his stubborn character and amazing courage, and his political color became more intense. Although the illegal killing of Eight Tigers was led by Koreans, it was actually actively planned by Li Mengyang. This event that shocked the ruling and opposition parties at that time undoubtedly further enhanced Meng Yang's prestige.
In the fifth year of Zheng De (15 10), Liu Jin was punished. In April of the following year, Zhao Mengyang returned to work and moved to Jiangxi as the deputy special envoy of the inspection department. He went to the official in May of that year and took office in June. This is Li Mengyang's fourth promotion and the end of his career. He just turned forty this year, but his upright and upright character has not changed. After arriving in Jiangxi, Li Mengyang had a bad relationship with Governor Jin Chen at first. "The agreement belongs to the governor, and the dream is for each other. Governor Jin Chen hated it and supervised it for five days. " Then, I fell out with Jiang, the patrol. "Will yi patrol according to the suggestion, MengYang don't yi, and yi don't yi shangguan, namely yi, don't kneel. Imperial Chiang also had a nightmare. "At the same time, Mengyang offended Wang Huai AIA. "When Meng Yang went on strike, Wang was angry." Before and after this, Meng Yang and Wu Tingju also had contradictions in participating in politics. "There is also a gap between Wu Tingju's participation in politics and Meng Yang's invasion of officials" (see Biography of Li Mengyang in Ming Dynasty). These people collected materials to attack Meng Yang, as Meng Yang himself said, "Everything my servant said and did was collected by my enemies. Chiang Kai-shek received two, Wu Tingju two and Huai Ren three. " (The first part of two books co-authored with He Zi)
After the conflict intensified, Governor Jin Chen ordered the deployment of special envoy Zheng Yuekan to investigate the matter. Not to be outdone, Meng Yang fought back, "holding Yue's cronies and officials hostage, saying that he would be handcuffed, so he would threaten Yue" (Zheng Yuechuan in Ming Dynasty). What's more, "Wang Chen is rich, but if he wants to write a record of Yangchun Courtyard, he hates Yue and helps to disintegrate Yue." (Biography of Li Mengyang in Ming Dynasty) According to Xu Jin's "Kongtong Li Cemetery Table": "Chen Hao lured the public by deception, but he knew it when he didn't reach it, and he never believed it." Chen Hao intervened to use Li Mengyang to attack Zheng Yue, which made things worse. At that time, the relationship between senior figures in Jiangxi was tense, and "the worry of Governor Ren Han could not be solved" (Zheng Yuechuan in Ming Dynasty), so we had to ask the central authorities to send someone to solve this big dispute. "In the autumn and August of Zheng De's eighth year, Wang Xie had a chapter on this matter." ("Guangxin Prison Postscript") "The emperor sent Dali Temple Qing to see Li? amp#93; According to the question. " (Zheng Yuechuan in Ming Dynasty)
After Zhong Yan arrived in Jiangxi, he inquired about this matter in Guangxin (now Shangrao). Li Mengyang's Postscript of Guangxin Prison said: "In December, Yanqing went to Guangxin House. On the 28th of January next year, he will go to prison in Guangxin. It was completed in March of that year. " This happened in the ninth year of Zheng De (15 14). The epitaph of Zuo's deceased wife said, "Jia Xu, Li Zi took Jiang Yu as the official of Shangrao." In the second part of "Two Books with He Zi" on April 8 of that year, Meng Yang said: "The investigation will be completed in one or two days, and it will be flooded until March 25, and it will be sent back to the provincial capital for orders." Visible, in the process of investigation and trial, Mengyang has always been in a passive, isolated, poor situation, and the situation is "dying for crime" (Li Mengyang's Postscript of Guangxin Prison). As a result of the investigation, Meng Yang naturally lost the case, as he himself said: "I have no choice but to be an official and can be forgiven for going home." ("Xuan Gui Fu" self-note) He failed completely and turned over the last big fall in his career.
In the fourth struggle with power, Mengyang had his own arrogant side; But in essence, he is not wrong. No matter resisting the governor, refusing to remonstrate, lashing the Huaigong Sect, holding close officials or invading officials, what Meng Yang shocked and destroyed was nothing more than the power and dignity of powerful people. In this sense, Confucius has his own independent personality, Geng Jie spirit and valuable spirit. Mengyang was very popular in the local area at that time. When he was imprisoned in Guangxu, there was a case of "more than 10,000 lives for litigation" (Biography of Li Mengyang in Ming Dynasty). It can be seen.
However, things are not over. At the beginning of Jiajing, after the rebellion was punished, Mengyang was arrested for "writing Yangchun Academy for Hao, and the prison word was stained" ("The Biography of Chao Shi Shi Li's Deputy Envoy Mengyang") and "Zhou Xuan, the suggestion, illegally rebelled against Mengyang. Yang Tinghe, a great scholar, and Lin Jun, a minister, saved him (Biography of Li Mengyang in Ming Dynasty), and he was once again saved from being killed. Although Meng Yang was not tolerated by the dark officialdom at that time, he had a high prestige among literati. " After his death, his disciples took care of Wen Yi privately (Volume 29 of Ming History), which can be regarded as people's high praise for him.
Throughout Li Mengyang's life, he was elected at the age of 2 1, became a scholar at the age of 22, worked as an official, foreign minister and doctor, and was finally promoted to study in Jiangxi, and dismissed at the age of 43. During his 20-year career as an official, he made outstanding achievements, denounced national interests, impeached ministers such as Yan Shu and Ling Chi, and was jailed and dismissed from office several times, which can be described as unswerving and courageous. On his poems, both praise and criticism can be reconsidered; But he was a typical upright scholar-bureaucrat in feudal times. From the ups and downs of his official career, we can feel the darkness of feudal officialdom.