During the Spring Festival, many people will inevitably overeat in front of delicious food.

Eating too much high-fat and high-calorie food will "mine" your body, thus detonating health crises, such as being "targeted" by acute pancreatitis, gallstones, acute gastroenteritis and other diseases, stomach dilatation and gastrointestinal bleeding.

While enjoying the gourmet feast, we should know the importance of a reasonable diet, always remember to avoid overeating, and pay attention to strengthening self-care and diet to prevent the occurrence of "holiday diseases" in the digestive system.

Be careful, acute pancreatitis will creep up.

Holidays are the high incidence period of pancreatitis, especially the proportion of acute pancreatitis has been high. On holidays, it is not uncommon for people to get together, drink to their heart's content, enjoy fine wine and delicacies, and eat and drink.

However, the bad stimulation of overeating and alcohol can easily increase the secretion of gastric acid and pancreatic enzyme in duodenum. Excessive secretion of pancreatic juice will make the pressure in the pancreatic duct soar rapidly. In severe cases, pancreatic acinus and pancreatic duct rupture, activating trypsinogen, and the pancreatic tissue itself is "digested", thus producing a series of chemical inflammation, which can cause hemorrhagic necrosis of pancreatic tissue in severe cases.

The main symptoms and signs of acute pancreatitis are acute epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and elevated serum amylase.

Usually, mild pancreatitis is mainly manifested as pancreatic edema, which can be completely recovered within one week due to its own limitations. There are also a few mild patients who develop into severe pancreatitis due to the untimely diagnosis and treatment.

In severe pancreatitis, peritoneal pancreatic juice will violently "impact" other internal organs like flash floods. Because of its powerful digestive function, various inflammatory mediators will enter the blood circulation, even if the organs in the chest, such as the heart and lungs, are far away from the pancreas, they may be implicated and damaged.

Clinically, patients with severe pancreatitis are often accompanied by shock, acute respiratory distress, renal failure, pancreatic encephalopathy, sudden death and other serious crises, and the mortality rate is as high as 30%.

So, how to avoid the attack of acute pancreatitis during the holiday season? Should be based on light, low-fat, less salt and other foods, cooking methods to avoid frying, frying, steaming, boiling, stewing and so on. Obese and overweight people who usually like to eat fried food should have regular physical examinations. Patients with hyperlipidemia should try to change their eating habits and lifestyle to avoid hyperlipidemia pancreatitis caused by "hypergraph" of blood lipids.

At the same time, we should pay attention to the balance between food intake and exercise, avoid overeating and strengthen physical exercise.

Although pancreatitis is dangerous, it can be completely prevented by developing good living habits.

Be prepared to prevent gallstones from making trouble.

Influenced by traditional eating habits, China people will inevitably eat too many foods with high protein and cholesterol, such as fat, eel, foie gras, crab roe, pig brain, prawns and cream, when holding family dinners or inviting guests to dinner on holidays. This high-protein diet is prone to gallstones.

This is because eating more foods with high cholesterol and high protein will produce a lot of insulin, accelerate the accumulation of cholesterol and promote the formation of gallstones in the body.

In addition, during many family festivals, the original living habits suddenly changed, forming the habit of staying up late and getting up late without breakfast. This is also one of the important reasons for gallstones.

After a night of fasting, bile in the human body is stored in the gallbladder for a long time, which will naturally increase the saturation of cholesterol and let stones find a "hotbed" suitable for growth.

In the process of eating breakfast, the gallbladder will contract normally, so that cholesterol will be excreted with bile and new bile will be secreted continuously, thus ensuring that the cholesterol content in the gallbladder is "diluted" and finally reducing the probability of stone formation.

Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of cholelithiasis patients, and there is typical biliary colic at the onset. Calculi in gallbladder can stimulate patients with acute cholecystitis, accompanied by a series of symptoms similar to gastrointestinal diseases, such as fever, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, etc., which are the consequences of gallbladder inflammation. If stones are stuck in the common bile duct, it is more likely to cause acute cholangitis or acute biliary pancreatitis, and ignite the "fuse" of biliary obstruction such as chills, high fever and yellow skin. These are secondary infections caused by obstruction of bile and pancreatic juice, which can cause septic shock and even death in severe cases.

Diet control is very important for the prevention of gallbladder diseases. It is suggested that the public develop healthy and scientific eating habits and insist on eating three meals on time every day. At the same time, we should persist in exercise and control our weight reasonably, because obesity will also promote the secretion of cholesterol in the body and aggravate the condition.

We should also pay attention to the scientific diet structure, reduce the intake of fat and cholesterol in food, eat more foods rich in vitamin C and dietary fiber, and eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, including carrots, spinach, tomatoes and oranges. Drink more boiled water to speed up bile excretion.

In the cooking process, try to choose healthier vegetable oil containing unsaturated fatty acids as edible oil, and it is best not to use frying and other forms, otherwise it will consume more saturated fatty acids and make gallstones "make waves".

In addition, when choosing meaty food, you must try to choose lean ingredients, avoid fat on the table, and eat more chicken and fish.

Shut up and stay away from upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

During the festival, there are plenty of food, various forms of frying, frying, cold and hot meat, and various snacks; People attend parties and banquets, guess fists and order food, and overeat; Or neglect food hygiene, it is easy to induce acute gastroenteritis, gastric dilatation, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy and so on.

Among them, during holidays, children are prone to indigestion, acute gastroenteritis and acute bloating. ; Middle-aged and elderly people drink too much, can't control their mouths, and are prone to peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding and even gastrointestinal perforation. Especially, people who have the basic diseases of liver cirrhosis in the past, if they do not pay attention to diet control, eat hard, hot and high-protein foods, or eat too much, are more likely to lurk the possibility of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatic encephalopathy.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common emergency in gastroenterology, which is often caused by the rupture of esophageal and gastric varices or the invasion of blood vessels by peptic ulcer in patients with liver cirrhosis, manifested as massive hematemesis and melena, and even hemorrhagic shock, which is life-threatening.

Hepatic encephalopathy, usually called "hepatic coma", is a common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. It often has clear incentives, such as eating a lot of protein food or eating hard food during festivals, leading to gastrointestinal bleeding. In the light, sleep is upside down, and the original calculation ability and memory are obviously reduced. In the severe case, it is coma, unconsciousness, and even persistent brain edema and death.

You must arrange your diet reasonably during the holidays and say "no" to overeating and unrestrained eating and drinking. Only by staying away from these digestive emergencies can we have a healthy and peaceful Spring Festival.

Author | Song Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

Text arrangement: Yi Xiaofeng

Audit | National Health Science Expert Database

Wu Jimin, Chief Physician, Department of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Rocket Army Special Medical Center.

Planning | Tan Jia

Edit | Liu Yang