The debate about the meaning of A Dream of Red Mansions began with Zhou 1980's An Analysis of the Meaning of A Dream of Red Mansions. He believes that the category of A Dream of Red Mansions belongs to Cao Xue, edition, exploration and lipology, and insists that the real ontology of A Dream of Red Mansions is to explore the people who wrote this novel by Cao Xueqin, that is, "skills", and the knowledge of exploring skills is A Dream of Red Mansions.
Zhou's views are widely questioned by scholars. 1984, an article should be written in the literary newspaper, pointing out that the study of A Dream of Red Mansions itself should not be excluded from the study of A Dream of Red Mansions, on the contrary, it should be the main content of A Dream of Red Mansions. The word "Dream of Red Mansions" first appeared in Li Fang's "Eight Banners Painting Record" in Qing Dynasty: "In the early years of Guangxu, doctors in Beijing and China especially loved reading it, boasting that it was a dream of red mansions." Sun Xiong's History of Poetry in the Four Dynasties: "Everyone likes to tell stories about stones, which are called a dream of red mansions. The New Deal became popular, and scholars who talked about red turned to talk about economy. Kang and Liang were defeated, and the talkers turned to Redology. "
The eighth issue of Literature and Art magazine 19 14 published Jun Yao's word Zhu Ju Ling Mo, claiming that there was a person named Zhu Changding in Songjiang, Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty who was fascinated by A Dream of Red Mansions. Someone asked him what classics he taught, and he told others that the classics he taught were less "one horizontal and three bends" than the general classics. It turns out that the word "Jing" in traditional Chinese characters is a "red" word without "one horizontal and three tones". When this short story spread, the word "Dream of Red Mansions" became a custom and became the name of the study of Dream of Red Mansions. The criticism school of the old Dream of Red Mansions, the literary appreciation school of the new Dream of Red Mansions, the encyclopedia school and the narrow sense criticism school can all be classified as the broad sense criticism school. Critics adhere to literary standards, interpret the original work from the perspectives of artistry, ideology, encyclopedic culture, social life, philosophical sentiment and emotional experience, and study the ideological theme, artistic characteristics, characters, cultural values and writing methods of A Dream of Red Mansions.
1. Inscription schools: Ye Chonglun, Hu Ming, Yi Ming Fucha, Pan Ying, Jiang Qi and Shen Qian.
"Poetry School" focuses on the joys and sorrows of the characters in the book, thus expressing their envy or feelings. Generally speaking, it is nothing more than painting cakes to satisfy hunger and drinking to eliminate sorrow "(Mao Dun's About Cao Xueqin).
Some poems, words, praises and praises of the painting school express the outlook on life of "splendor and wealth, fleeting life is like a dream" and permeate the Buddhist concepts of "color emptiness" and "dream"; Some grasp the "romantic prosperity" and "love story" in the book, render the "prosperous" scenery and "romantic" feelings, revealing an admiration and a yearning; Some sympathized with Baochai because they failed to point out a bright way for Baochai and expressed a feeling of "helpless flowers falling".
2. Critics: Wang Xilian, Zhang Xinzhi, Yao Xie, Zhi Yanzhai, Wang Boxun.
Literary criticism is a unique literary genre in China, which originated in the mid-Ming Dynasty. The form of comments: there are preface, inscription, reading, question and answer, illustration and praise at the beginning of the book. There are comments before and after each time, and the number of pages is eyebrow comment, side comment and clip comment.
3. Modern connoisseurs: Lu Xun, Lao She, Duanmu Hongliang, Song Qi, Shu Wu, Wang Meng, Ma Ruifang,, Kang,, Bai Feng Kun, Wan Yan and Zhu Lou Meng Jian.
By reading the text carefully, I talk about my reading experience, experience and sentiment from the perspective of literature and art.
4. Encyclopedia school: Shen Congwen, Deng Yunxiang, Gu Pingdan, Xia Guixia, Duan, Liu Shibiao, Guan Huashan, Shen, Huang, Su Qin.
A Dream of Red Mansions is known as the encyclopedia of feudal society in China. Its descriptions of clothing, diet, tea ceremony, health care, beauty, medicine, architecture, gardens, economy, folk customs and religion can stand professional interpretation.
5. Modern critics: Wang Guowei, Wu Mi, Mao Dun, Wang Kunlun, Li, He Qifang, Zhou Cezong, Bai Dun, Li Xifan, Jiang Hesen, Yu Yingshi, Ding Weizhong, Lu Qixiang, Zhang, Zhou Siyuan, Hu Wenbin, Duan Qiming, Liu Mengxi, Liu Zaifu, Li Wei, Sun Weike and Zhang Jinchi.
Wang Guowei's Review of A Dream of Red Mansions (1904) comments on A Dream of Red Mansions with Schopenhauer's voluntarism, and expounds its social significance and artistic value. Although it was produced in the old redology period, it is the pioneering work of modern critics. Regarding the academic purport of this school, Zhang Qingshan, the chief helmsman of the Red Cross, said:
"A Dream of Red Mansions is a literary work, a book about life, love and emotion. Redology research can only explore the profound ideological and artistic connotation of A Dream of Red Mansions with literary vision and literary research methods, and can't turn A Dream of Red Mansions into a secret history of the Qing Dynasty or any other secret history by researches. Academic is academic and cannot be entertained, let alone joking. " Textual research school is the largest school in the New Dream of Red Mansions. It adheres to the historical standard and uses Dewey's positivism method to study Cao Xueqin's family affairs, the version of A Dream of Red Mansions and the process of writing.
1. Cao Xue: Hu Shi, Gu Jiegang, Wu Enyu, Zhou,.
Cao Xue pays attention to collecting historical data about the family background and life of Cao Xueqin, the author of A Dream of Red Mansions, outlines the historical background of the birth of A Dream of Red Mansions, and understands A Dream of Red Mansions by studying Cao Xueqin's life experience. Four-character method: Cao Jia proves each other. Cross Proverbs: Make bold assumptions and be careful to prove them.
2. Textual research: Lin Yutang, Yu Pingbo, Zhou Shaoliang, Zhang Ailing, Mei Jie, Liu Shide, Ouyang Jian, Shen Zhijun, Chen Lin.
Textual research takes Cheng Gaoben, Quanpingben, Zhipingben and Quancodex as the research objects, compares the sequence, authenticity, similarities and differences of each version, and revises the variant text.
3. Publishers: Cheng Weiyuan, Gao E, Wang Dehua, Di Baoxian, Wang Yuanfang, Tao Zhu, Qi Gong, Liu Jinxing.
The publisher is the producer of A Dream of Red Mansions, so he was included in the textual research school. Suoyin School is a guess school and a secret history school in Redology. In order to seek seclusion and secret history, the standard of literature and history is denied. With literal homophonic, spelling, hiding the head, riddles, divination and other word games, a Dream of Red Mansions is attached with people, events or rumors in history to find out "what is hidden and who is hidden" and fabricate various secret histories. Lu Xun's comment: I saw the secret history of Gong Wei through the grapevine.
1. Skills learning: Explore the so-called "truth", "truth" and "secret history" behind the story of a dream of red mansions.
(1) Official Affairs: Exploring the Secret History of Manchu Officials from A Dream of Red Mansions.
(2) The Secret History of Gong Wei: A Dream of Red Mansions explores the secret history of Manchu royal family.
(3) Anti-Qing theory: A Dream of Red Mansions explores the secret history of anti-Qing by adherents of the Ming Dynasty.
(4) Mystery of Cao: A Dream of Red Mansions fictionalizes the secret history of Cao family.
(5) Non-Cao Xueqin said: A Dream of Red Mansions fabricates all kinds of secret history and infringes Cao Xueqin's copyright with the protagonist in the secret history.
2. Lipology: According to the Book of Lipids, infer the relationship between Zhi Yanzhai and Cao Xueqin, and the process of reading, commenting and even assisting Cao Xueqin in writing A Dream of Red Mansions.
3. Exploratory research: Based on Fat Book, after forty times of waist cutting, eighty times of guessing Cao Xueqin's original intention. The creative school is the most talented school, or the school of talented women and gifted scholars, engaged in literary and artistic creation related to A Dream of Red Mansions.
1. Modern pseudo-continuation: Liu Xu's Dream of Red Mansions, Xiling Xuechuan Daiyu, Wen Haoran's Dream of Red Mansions, and Hu Nanmeng's Dream of Red Mansions.
2. Independent originality: The Shadow of a Dream of Red Mansions, A Dream of Red Mansions Supplement by Guangxi, A Dream of Red Mansions Broken by Levin, Xi Chun by An, and a Dream of Red Mansions fan.
3. Translation: Hawkes (English translation), Li Zhihua (French translation), Franz Kuhn (German translation), Ito Ping Shu (Japanese translation).
4. Imitations: Zhang Ailing's The Golden Lock, Ba Jin's Home, Lin Yutang's Clouds in Beijing, Wu's.
5. Derivative art: A Record of Ancient Paintings in a Dream of Red Mansions, 1962 Yue Opera film (starring Xu Yulan and Wang), 1977 Hong Kong version film (starring Brigitte Lin), 1987 CCTV version TV series (Ouyang Fenqiang, Chen, Deng Jie,) Beikun stage play and film (Weng Jia)