Survey report on residents' health literacy 1
abstract
I. Background
Citizen's health literacy is one of the important contents of literacy education and an important part of health literacy. Its basic meaning is the ability of individuals to obtain and understand basic health information and services, and use these information and services to make correct judgments in order to maintain and promote their own health. Improving the health literacy of all citizens is an important task of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious socialist society, and is an important embodiment of people-oriented thinking.
In order to determine the most important and basic health knowledge, health behaviors and skills of China residents, in 2007, the Ministry of Health organized 100 experts in the field of medicine and health, conducted a lot of research, and finally made clear the basic contents of health literacy of citizens in China. June 5438+October 2008 10, the Ministry of Health issued Announcement No.3, "China citizens' health literacy? Basic Knowledge and Skills (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Announcement). This "Announcement" is the world's first document issued by the government to comprehensively define citizens' basic health literacy.
In order to understand the health literacy level of residents in our province, according to the unified arrangement of the Ministry of Health and the local projects subsidized by the central government, we conducted a province-wide survey in 2008.
Second, the survey method and content
The province * * * identified 17 survey points, including 8 in cities and 9 in rural areas. * * * A total of 859 questionnaires/kloc-0 were collected, of which 8546 were valid, with an effective rate of 99.48%. The survey object is 17 city15-69 years old resident population.
The survey includes three parts: basic situation, health literacy and investigator's evaluation. The survey data were entered into epidata database and analyzed by SAS 9.2 statistical software. The survey results were standardized according to the data of the national 1% population sampling survey in 2005.
Third, the main results
The overall level of health literacy of residents in Shandong Province is 8. 16%. From the three aspects of health literacy, the proportion of people with basic knowledge and concept literacy, healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy, and basic skills literacy are 17.04%, 8.09%, and 24.43% respectively.
The overall health literacy and three aspects of health literacy have the following characteristics: First, the health literacy rate of urban residents is higher than that of rural areas; Second, the health literacy rate of male residents is higher than that of women; Third, the health literacy rate of residents in the age group below 45 is higher than that in the age group above 45; Fourth, the higher the education level, the higher the proportion of health literacy, while the proportion of illiterate/less literate and primary school educated residents is far below the provincial average.
According to the contents of the survey, we also divided the problems involved into five categories: scientific health concept, prevention of infectious diseases, prevention of chronic diseases, safety and first aid, and basic medical care, and analyzed the status quo of health literacy related to these five types of health problems and its influencing factors. The proportion of residents in our province with various related health literacy is: scientific health concept literacy 30.83%, safety and first aid literacy 17.65%, infectious disease prevention literacy 4.43%, basic medical literacy 20.88%, and chronic disease prevention literacy 9.77%. Through the analysis of the overall answer to the question 7 1, it is found that the correct answer rate of five indicators is less than 20%, namely: Understanding of the four pests spreading diseases? (5.28%)、? A correct understanding of obesity? ( 17.0 16%)、? Correct understanding of sedatives and painkillers? ( 12.26%)、? What about the treatment of fracture victims? ( 19.27%)、? How much do adults drink every day? ( 15.33%)。
Four. conclusion and suggestion
First, strengthen health education and health promotion, and comprehensively improve residents' building health literacy.
The survey results show that the overall level of health literacy of residents in our province is only
8. 16%, which further confirms the correctness and necessity of the opinions on strengthening health education and health promotion in the Opinions of Central the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Medical and Health System and the Recent Key Implementation Plan of Medical and Health System Reform in the State Council (2009-20 1 1). Improving the health literacy level of the whole people requires the joint efforts of the whole society. Governments at all levels should play a leading role, attach great importance to low-input and high-output health education and health promotion, give full play to the role of health education and health promotion in improving the health literacy of the whole people, increase capital and manpower investment, further establish and improve health education institutions and networks in the province, provide standardized and high-quality services, promote urban and rural residents to enjoy basic public health services such as health education and health promotion equally, and ensure the gradual improvement of the health literacy level of the whole people.
Actively explore the modes and methods to improve the health literacy of the whole people under the new situation. With the development of China's economy and society, the existing ways and methods of health education and health promotion should also be innovated and changed. In view of the low level of health literacy of residents in our province, all levels and units should carefully analyze the weak links in their work, pay special attention to key populations and key health problems, formulate scientific, feasible and effective health knowledge dissemination strategies, and explore new ideas and methods to improve the health literacy of the whole people. On the one hand, we should make full use of mass media and new media communication forms such as television, radio, internet and short messages, and extensively carry out health communication activities aimed at improving the health literacy of the whole people; On the other hand, it is necessary to organize special health education and health promotion activities, such as relying on? Hundreds of millions of farmers' national health promotion action? And then what? Meet a healthy community? Activities and other platforms, taking schools, factories, mines, hospitals, community health service centers (stations) and township hospitals (rooms) as positions, comprehensively carry out comprehensive intervention activities aimed at improving basic health knowledge and skills and promoting the formation of healthy behaviors.
Third, the establishment of the province's health literacy monitoring mechanism, timely monitoring and publishing the changes in the health literacy of residents in our province.
It is necessary to regularly monitor the changes of health literacy of urban and rural residents in the province and find out the problems in the work in time; At the same time, special or emergency investigations can be carried out in different regions to dynamically reflect the changing trend of residents' health literacy level in view of major local health problems and public health emergencies. It is necessary to release the monitoring results in time, so that the whole society can comprehensively and systematically grasp the health literacy level and health influencing factors of residents in our province, and provide scientific basis for formulating medical and health service policies.
Questionnaire survey report on residents' health literacy II
I. Background
Health literacy refers to the ability of individuals to obtain and understand basic health information and services, and make correct decisions by using these information and services to maintain and promote their own health. Health literacy is an important determinant of health and a comprehensive reflection of economic and social development, which is influenced by many factors such as politics, economy, culture, education and health development level. Therefore, the promotion of health literacy requires the efforts of the whole society, not just the efforts of the health and family planning departments. Improving public health literacy is the main strategy to deal with chronic non-communicable diseases and emerging infectious diseases, and the fundamental way to improve public health. 20 13 what does the world health organization point out to improve public health literacy? Urgent task in the field of public health? ,? Should the government take improving public health literacy as a clear goal of health and education policies? .
In recent years, the China Municipal Government has attached great importance to improving residents' health literacy as an important part of deepening the reform of the medical and health system, and has taken various measures to vigorously promote health literacy. In 2008, the former Ministry of Health issued "China citizens' health literacy? Basic knowledge and skills (for Trial Implementation) ",formulated and issued the Work Plan of China citizens' health literacy promotion action (2008-20 10), and carried out health literacy promotion actions nationwide. In 2009, health literacy, as an important part of the national basic public service health education project, was widely implemented in urban and rural primary health care institutions. 20 12,? Residents' health literacy level? Indicators into the "national basic public service system construction? Twelfth Five-Year Plan? Planning and Health Development? Twelfth Five-Year Plan? Planning has become an important indicator to measure the level of basic public services and people's health. In 20 12, the state launched the local health literacy promotion action project subsidized by the central government, and health literacy monitoring is one of the contents of the project.
The concept of health literacy and the implementation of health literacy promotion projects are major innovations in the theory and practice of health education, which not only promote the vigorous development of health education, but also have a wide and far-reaching impact on other public health fields. Guide to Health Education in Primary and Secondary Schools, Maternal and Child Health Literacy? Basic Knowledge and Skills (Trial), China Citizen's Environment and Health Literacy (Trial) and China Citizen's Chinese Medicine Health Literacy are all developed on the basis of health literacy research and practice.
In order to grasp the residents' health literacy level and its changing trend in time, analyze the influencing factors of health literacy, formulate intervention strategies for health literacy promotion, and provide scientific basis for governments at all levels and health and family planning administrative departments to formulate relevant policies, the National Health and Family Planning Commission organized and carried out dynamic monitoring of residents' health literacy level throughout the country. The monitoring results show that the health literacy level of residents in China was 6.48% in 2008 and 8.80% in 20 12, which was generally at a low level. The monitoring results of 20 13 are reported as follows.
Second, the monitoring method and content
(1) Monitoring range
In 20 13, health literacy monitoring was carried out in 336 monitoring points in 3/kloc-0 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) throughout the country (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan); There are 150 urban monitoring points and 186 rural monitoring points. 0/26 monitoring points in the east, 96 monitoring points in the middle and 4 monitoring points in the west1/kloc-0; Covering 336 counties (districts) 1008 townships (streets) in China.
(2) Monitoring object
Health literacy monitoring 20 13 * * survey 959 15 permanent population 15 ~ 69 years old, 93785 valid questionnaires were analyzed, and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 97.78%.
Among the 93,785 people who filled out the questionnaire, the urban population was 4 1.702, accounting for 44.47%, the rural population was 52,083, accounting for 55.53%, and the ratio of urban and rural population was 0.80: 1. There are 37,506 people in the eastern region, accounting for 39.99%, 2,587/kloc-0 people in the central region, accounting for 27.59%, and 30,408 people in the western region, accounting for 32.42%; There are 47,024 males, accounting for 50. 14%, and 4,676 females, accounting for 49.86%. The sex ratio is 1.00: 1.
The average age of the respondents is 45.0? 13.3 years old, 15-24 years old, 25-34 years old, 35-44 years old, 45-54 years old, 55-64 years old and 65-69 years old accounted for 7.85%(7365 people) and15.68 years old respectively.
In terms of educational level, the proportions of illiterate/less literate, primary school, junior high school, senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school, junior college/undergraduate course and above are1.93% (1165438) and 23.36% (2/) respectively.
(3) Monitoring indicators and evaluation methods
1. Health literacy level
The level of health literacy refers to the proportion of people with basic health literacy to the total population.
Criteria for judging basic health literacy: the questionnaire score is above 80%, that is, the questionnaire score? 80 points, was judged to have basic health literacy.
2. Three aspects of health literacy level
According to China citizens' health literacy? Based on the knowledge-belief-practice theory of health education, Basic Knowledge and Skills divides health literacy into three aspects, namely, basic health knowledge and ideas, healthy lifestyle and behavior, and basic skills.
A certain level of health literacy refers to the proportion of people with a certain level of health literacy in the total population. Criteria for judging a certain aspect of health literacy: the total score is the sum of all questions about a certain aspect of literacy, and those who actually score 80% or more of the total score are judged to have this aspect of health literacy.
3. Literacy level of six health problems
According to China citizens' health literacy? Basic knowledge and skills (Trial) ",combined with the main public health problems, health literacy is divided into six categories, namely scientific health concept, infectious disease prevention literacy, chronic disease prevention literacy, safety and first aid literacy, basic medical literacy and health information literacy.
The literacy level of a certain health problem refers to the proportion of people with a certain health problem to the total population.
Criteria for judging the literacy of a certain kind of health problems: the total score is the sum of all the scores of the literacy of a certain kind of health problems, and those who actually score 80% or more of the total score are judged to have the literacy of this kind of health problems.
The health literacy level and related results presented in the results of this report are weighted data, not sample data. According to the data of the sixth national census on 20 10 and the basic data collected during the monitoring, the basic weight, non-response weight and post-event hierarchical adjustment weight of the sample data are weighted and adjusted.
Third, the main results
(A) China residents' health literacy level
The health literacy level of China residents in 20 13 years was 9.48%.
Urban and rural areas: the health literacy level of urban residents is 13.80%, while that of rural residents is 6.92%, and urban residents are higher than rural residents (table 1, figure 1).
Survey report on residents' health literacy questionnaire 3
A few days ago, the Ministry of Health released the first survey report on China residents' health literacy to the world and people, and now the summary is published as follows, so as to arouse people's attention to their own health. At the same time, 66 health literacy projects were announced, which are the main contents of the citizen health literacy survey.
Health literacy means that individuals have the ability to acquire, understand and process basic health information and services, and use these information and services to make correct judgments and decisions to maintain and promote health.
I. Background
Health literacy is an important part of health quality, which refers to the ability of individuals to obtain and understand basic health information and services, and use these information and services to make correct judgments in order to maintain and promote their own health. Improving China citizens' health literacy is an important task to implement Scientific Outlook on Development, build a well-off society in an all-round way and build a harmonious socialist society.
In 2007, the Ministry of Health organized 100 experts in the field of medicine and health to discuss and define the basic contents of China citizens' health literacy. June 5438+October 2008 10, the Ministry of Health issued Announcement No.3, "China citizens' health literacy? Basic Knowledge and Skills (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Announcement). Announcement is the first government document in the world that comprehensively defines citizens' basic health literacy.
In order to understand the health literacy level of Chinese residents, based on the research results and work experience at home and abroad, the Ministry of Health organized experts to determine the survey indicators by Delphi method according to the contents of the announcement, compiled the China Residents' Health Literacy Questionnaire, and conducted a nationwide survey in 2008 in combination with local projects subsidized by the central government.
Second, the survey method and content
The survey adopted a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, covering 3/kloc-0 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Each province has identified six investigation points, three in cities and three in rural areas. Among them, except the provincial capital cities, the city survey points randomly selected 2 prefecture-level cities, and each city randomly selected 1 urban area; Rural survey sites are 3 counties randomly selected from each province; There are 192 measuring points in China. A total of 79,542 questionnaires were collected and 79,438 were valid, with an effective rate of 99.87%. The respondents were 3 1 province (autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government) and Xinjiang production and construction corps1resident population aged 5-69.
The survey includes three parts: basic situation, health literacy content and investigator's evaluation. The survey data were checked by image input software and analyzed by SAS 9.2 statistical software. The survey results were standardized according to the national 1% population sampling survey data in 2005.
Third, the main results
The overall level of health literacy of China residents is 6.48%. From the three aspects of health literacy, the proportion of people with basic knowledge and concept literacy, healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy, and basic skills literacy are 14.97%, 6.93%, and 20.39% respectively. The overall health literacy and three aspects of health literacy all show the following characteristics: (1) The city is higher than the countryside; Men are higher than women; (2) The age group under 45 years old is higher than that over 45 years old; (3) The higher the education level, the higher the proportion of people with health literacy, and the proportion of illiterate people with little literacy and primary school education is far below the national average.
According to the main health problems facing our country at present, this paper analyzes the present situation and influencing factors of health literacy related to five kinds of health problems, such as scientific health concept, prevention of infectious diseases, prevention of chronic diseases, safety and first aid, and basic medical care. The proportion of China residents' related health literacy from high to low is: scientific health concept literacy 29.97%, safety and first aid literacy 18.70%, infectious disease prevention literacy 15.86%, basic medical literacy 7.43%, and chronic disease prevention literacy 4.66%.
Through the analysis of the overall answer to the question 7 1, it is found that the correct answer rate of six indicators is less than 20%, namely: Understanding of the four pests spreading diseases? (3.28%)、? A correct understanding of obesity? (7. 16%)、? Correct understanding of sedatives and painkillers? ( 13.95%)、? What about the treatment of fracture victims? ( 17.28%)、? Do you know the drug instructions? ( 18.70%)、? How much do adults drink every day? ( 18.79%)。
Four. conclusion and suggestion
(1) Vigorously promote health education and health promotion, and improve the health literacy level of the whole people.
The survey results show that the overall level of health literacy of Chinese residents is only 6.48%, which fully confirms the correctness of the opinions on strengthening health education and health promotion in the Opinions of Central the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Medical and Health System and the Recent Key Implementation Plan of Medical and Health System Reform in the State Council (2009-20 1 1). Improving the health literacy level of the whole people requires the joint efforts of the whole society. Governments at all levels should combine the new medical reform, give full play to the role of health education and health promotion in improving the health literacy of the whole people, increase investment, establish and improve the working network of health education institutions, provide standardized and high-quality services, promote urban and rural residents to enjoy basic public health services such as health education and health promotion equally, and ensure the gradual improvement of the health literacy level of the whole people.
(two) efforts to explore new ideas and methods to improve the level of health literacy of the whole people.
In view of the low level of health literacy of Chinese residents, it is particularly necessary to formulate scientific, feasible and effective communication strategies and explore new ideas and methods to improve the health literacy of the whole people. Make full use of mass media such as television, radio, internet and short messages, and extensively carry out health communication activities aimed at improving the health literacy of the whole people, such as health knowledge competitions for urban and rural residents. At the same time, rely on? Hundreds of millions of farmers' national health promotion action? And then what? Meet a healthy community? The activity platform takes schools, factories, mines, hospitals, community health service centers (stations) and township hospitals (rooms) as positions, and extensively carries out comprehensive intervention activities aimed at improving basic health knowledge and skills and promoting the formation of healthy behaviors.
(three) regularly carry out health literacy monitoring, timely release of monitoring results.
In the future, health literacy monitoring of urban and rural residents will be carried out nationwide every 3-5 years. At the same time, special or emergency surveys will be carried out in different regions to dynamically monitor the changing trend of residents' health literacy level, release monitoring results in time, comprehensively and systematically grasp the health literacy level and health influencing factors of Chinese residents, provide scientific basis for formulating medical and health service policies, and strive to institutionalize and regularize the monitoring of residents' basic knowledge and skills of health literacy. On this basis, we will strive to incorporate the evaluation index of residents' health literacy into the national health development plan as an evaluation index that comprehensively reflects the national health development, and promote the better and faster development of China's health cause.