Governing the country according to law: promoting its implementation in all fields of society
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee promoted "ruling the country according to law" to a new height and put forward 180 many important reform measures.
-The legislative field. The legislative plan will be announced at the beginning of 20 15. The legislative highlights include the legislative law, food safety law and other issues that the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) has deliberated many times, as well as the issues that were clearly defined by the Fourth Plenary Session, involving economic, cultural, market supervision, ecological civilization construction, network security and so on.
-the judicial field. 20 15 The focus of judicial reform is to ensure the smooth start and operation of the new judicial system, such as the recently established Supreme Court Circuit Court. In addition, there may be specific implementation measures for the system of record notification and accountability of leading cadres' intervention in the judiciary.
Law enforcement. The Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council is formulating the Provisions on Major Administrative Decision-making Procedures, which is expected to be promulgated in 20 15, to provide standards and requirements for administrative organs to implement major decisions, and to avoid the phenomenon of "patting their heads to make decisions, patting their chests to implement them, and patting their asses to leave". In addition, the types of administrative law enforcement at city and county levels will be greatly reduced, and comprehensive law enforcement will be vigorously promoted.
Economic situation: more sustainable under the new normal
The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the Asian Development Bank almost unanimously predict that China's economic growth will further slow down on the basis of 20 14, but the growth rate of around 7% is undoubtedly more stable and sustainable, despite the slowdown in credit and investment and the cooling of the real estate market.
(Interpretation) Ma Xiaohe, vice president of the Macroeconomic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, believes that under the new normal, the slowdown in growth has provided China's economy with a space to adjust its structure and promote reform, and it is necessary to deepen reform and reconstruct new economic growth points with greater determination and perseverance during the transformation.
Government Decentralization: From "Subtraction" to "List"
20 15, "listing" will become the "new normal" for the government to promote the transformation of functions.
-The list of powers and the list of responsibilities will be hierarchical. Wang Guohua said that at present, Shanghai, Anhui and other places have begun to define the list of rights and responsibilities according to local conditions. 20 15, such measures are expected to be widely promoted in China.
-The "negative list" is more targeted. More regions will draw a "red line" through the "negative list" to clarify the contents of relevant prohibitions and restrictions.
-"Rule of law" and "service" are expected to be deeply integrated. The rule of law and service concept will be organically integrated, running through the whole process of government function transformation. "List" governance will provide more norms and guarantees for the construction of service-oriented government.
"Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers": Vigorously Promoting Agricultural Modernization
In 20 15, an important input of national finance is to take ensuring national food security as the primary task, and support the improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity, including increasing support for major counties producing grain and oil seeds, promoting the construction of high-standard farmland, and supporting the cultivation of new production and management entities. At the same time, the state will also support the implementation of policies and measures for agricultural recuperation, continue to expand relevant pilot projects, and build a resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture.
(Interpretation)
In 20 14, the grain output of China achieved "11 consecutive increases". "We must clearly see the grim situation facing the sustainable development of agriculture in China." Song Hongyuan, director of the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that at present, the prices of major agricultural products in China have reached the ceiling, production costs have risen rigidly, production subsidies and price subsidies have approached the yellow line, resources and environment have turned red, and the contradiction between food supply and demand has become more prominent.
Income distribution: reform is about to accelerate.
The much-watched "Reform Plan for the Salary System of Heads of Central Management Enterprises" will be officially implemented in early 20 15, and 20 15 will be the year of accelerated income distribution reform. Coincidentally, recently, the reform plan of "merging" government institutions and urban workers' pension will also be put into practice. Su Hainan, vice president of china association for labour studies, believes that the "merging" of pensions has become an important breakthrough and starting point for the reform of the broad income distribution system.
(Interpretation) "Whether China's future development can avoid the middle-income trap and restart the new impetus for future development depends on the distribution reform." Liu Shangxi, director of the Finance Department of the Ministry of Finance, suggested that in 20 15 years, we should seize the opportunity to further deepen the reform related to income distribution, including stepping up the work related to the reform of individual income tax combining synthesis and classification, and give full play to the role of taxation in regulating income gap.
Anti-corruption: showing four major trends
Cheng Wenhao, director of Tsinghua University Integrity and Governance Research Center, believes that there will be four major trends in anti-corruption work in 20 15 years.
-"Rule of law": further strengthen the survey, clearing, confirmation and publicity of public power, and fix the rights and obligations and division of labor and cooperation between anti-corruption departments in legal form.
-"Socialization": Anti-corruption will no longer be confined to the construction of a clean government in the party and government departments, but will be devoted to building a clean society and laying a solid social foundation for the construction of a clean government.
-"Internationalization": China will speed up the signing of bilateral judicial cooperation agreements with more countries, and seize the important nodes such as the destination countries of fugitives, countries where China's investment mainly flows, and international financial hubs to crack down.
-"Informatization": In the era of big data, all departments improve their monitoring ability for key personnel in key positions through fully active information sharing.
Reform of state-owned enterprises: further efforts
Li Jin, vice president of China Enterprise Reform and Development Research Association, said that the 20 15 reform of state-owned enterprises will make a breakthrough in the salary system and the "road map" of reform.
-A new wage system was launched. Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security announced that the heads of 72 central enterprises will take the lead in starting the new salary system in early 20 15, which is an important step in the reform of state-owned enterprises. According to estimates, after the reform, the salary level of the principal responsible persons of central enterprises will not exceed 7 to 8 times the average salary of employees of central enterprises. At present, the salary gap between the principal responsible persons of central enterprises and employees is about 12 times.
-A "road map" for the reform of state-owned enterprises will be issued. With the establishment of the leading group for the reform of state-owned enterprises in the State Council, the central-level reform of state-owned enterprises has basically established the functions and division of labor of various ministries, including SASAC, NDRC, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other ministries, which are actively promoting and formulating corresponding reform plans, which are expected to be introduced as early as the first half of 20 15.
College entrance examination reform: many highlights in the year of breaking the game
2 1 Yang Dongping, president of the century education development research institute, believes that 20 15 years can be described as the "year of breaking the board" in the reform of the college entrance examination. There are three main highlights.
-More provinces will use the "National Volume". Yang Dongping pointed out that the local independent proposition has a large workload, and the proposition level is prone to fluctuation. At the moment when the country puts forward directional requirements, I believe that many regions will end their independent propositions.
-the bonus points gradually disappeared, and the "small college entrance examination" was postponed. From 20 15, the college entrance examination will cancel the extra points for special students such as sports and art, and at the same time, independent enrollment will be carried out after the college entrance examination.
-More pilots will break the "one test for life". At present, only two provinces and cities have started the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination. Yang Dongping believes that at least one or two provinces and cities will be included in the pilot reform in 20 15. The introduction of academic proficiency test and comprehensive quality evaluation will also be the highlight of the 20 15 college entrance examination reform.
Integration of old-age care: refining the scheme of "supplementing the low and reducing the poor"
A few days ago, the the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) meeting considered the State Council's report on promoting the construction of urban and rural social security system as a whole. We will promote the reform of the old-age insurance system in government agencies and institutions and establish a unified old-age insurance system for urban workers. The "dual-track" transformation and integration reform is expected to involve about 40 million people in government agencies and institutions.
(Interpretation) Xia Xueluan, a professor at the Department of Sociology in Peking University, believes that the detailed pension consolidation plan of 20 15 will be issued, which will embody the principle of "making up the low and reducing the poor". The reform will focus on "low subsidy" to narrow the pension gap between government institutions and enterprise employees. In order to reduce the resistance to reform, it will avoid reducing the existing pension benefits of public institutions. In addition, implement the central direction and local rules, and gradually promote the plan to "land".