Gong Jing is a detective, but weakness is the opposite. When Yan Zi heard about it, he didn't wait to come in, but he saw Gong Jing sweating. Yan Zi said, "Who are you?" Qi Huangong said: "I am weak, so I do the opposite." Yan Zi lingered in the north, then paid tribute to him and said, "My king has St. Wang Zhidao." Gong Jing said, "I am a weak person, so the fact is just the opposite. Who should St. Wang Zhidao be? " Yan Zi said to him, "You are weak, so on the contrary, you are old and young. It is also a problem for my gentleman to be kind to animals, but what about people? This saint Wang Zhidao also. "

Qi Jinggong visited the bird and came back when he saw that the bird was weak. Hearing this, Yan Zi entered the palace without waiting for Gong Jing's invitation. Seeing Gong Jing, he was sweating with worry. Yan Zi asked, "Why is the monarch like this?" Gong Jing said, "I went to see the bird. This bird is very thin, so I came back. " Yan Zi lingered in the north of the temple for a while, and then bowed again to congratulate him: "Our monarch has St. Wang Zhidao." Gong Jing inexplicably asked, "I just went to see the bird. The bird is too weak to come back. This is in line with St. Wang Zhidao. What is the reason? " Yan Zi replied, "The monarch went to see the bird. The bird was very weak, so the monarch came back. This is love for the weak! Our monarch likes animals, not to mention people. This is the way of saints. "

Exercise 4

Explain the following terms:

Sparse: When the ancients annotated ancient books, they not only explained the original text (classics) of the ancient books, but also annotated the comments of their predecessors. This kind of annotation with annotation and explanation is called "sparse", also called "annotation sparse" and "righteousness sparse".

Pronunciation: an exegetical term commonly used by the ancients to explain loanwords. It is characterized by both phonetic notation and interpretation.

Reading ruo: a term used by the ancients to annotate words and phrases, mainly for phonetic notation and sometimes for explaining loanwords.

Yan Wen: Collating academic terms, also called "Yan" for short, refers to words added by mistake because of copying and engraving in ancient books.

Sentence reading: when reading, the ancients often drew a dot or circle next to the last word of a sentence, which was called "sentence"; Add a dot below the word at the pause in the sentence, which is called "reading". Both are called reading sentences.

Yi Shu: also known as "Shu", also known as "annotation Shu" and "Yi Shu", is a kind of annotation that is annotated and explained. Yi Shu was born in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the need of ideological unity and imperial examination, the official unified the interpretation of Confucian classics on the basis of designated notes. This new interpretation was called "justice" in the Tang Dynasty.

Notes on the Thirteen Classics: In order to facilitate reference, scholars in the Song Dynasty combined the annotations of the Thirteen Classics with the phonetic notation of Lu Deming's classic interpretation in the Tang Dynasty to form a book, namely Notes on the Thirteen Classics. The annotations of these thirteen classics are: justice (Wei? Wang Bi, Jin? Han Zhu, don? Kong's Justice and Shangshu Justice (Han? Biography of Kong Anguo, Don? Justice Kong), Justice (Han? Mao Hengchuan, Zheng Xuan Stationery, Tang? Confucius "Justice"), "The Books of Zhou Li" (Han? Zheng Xuan note, don? Jia Shu), Zhu Shu (Han? Zheng Xuan note, don? Jia Shu), Justice in the Book of Rites (Han? Zheng Xuan note, don? Confucius "Justice"), "Spring and Autumn Zuozhuan Justice" (Jin? Du Yuzhu, Tang? Kong, "Justice"), "Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram" (Han? Why not, Don? Xu) Biography of Gu Liang in the Spring and Autumn Period (Gold? Fan Ning set solution, don? Yang Shixun sparse), "The Analects of Confucius" (Wei? , Song? Xing Bing Shu), Zhu Xiaojing Shu (Note, Song? Xing Bing Shu), Er Ya Zhu Shu (Jin? Guo Pu note, Song? Xing Bing Shu), Mencius Zhu Shu (Han? Attention, Song? Sun Yishu).

Ancient prose compilation: an anthology of ancient prose compiled by Yao Nai in Qing Dynasty, which included ancient prose from Warring States to Qing Dynasty. According to the style, it can be divided into thirteen categories: discussion, preface and postscript, recitation, storytelling, preface to giving answers, imperial edict, biography, epitaph, miscellaneous notes, ode, ode and funeral. Most of the selected ancient texts are practical, and most of them have little social significance. The book begins in an orderly way, outlining various stylistic features and examples, and there are comments in the book to promote the literary views of Tongcheng School.

Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese and explain the words or phrases with △ (add △ under the quotation in the textbook and △ under the quotation in this book):

1. Who is comfortable with sixty or seventy, say fifty or sixty, not the country? ("The Analects? Sit down ")

If Fiona Fang is 60 or 70 miles away or 50 or 60 miles away, how can you tell that it is not a country?

Explanation: one, interrogative pronoun, how about it.

2. Never be angry and negative, and then go to the south, and it is suitable for the south. ("Zhuangzi? Xiaoyao Tour ")

Through the clouds, carrying the blue sky, and then planning to fly south, will fly to the South China Sea.

Interpretation: Jue, verb, pass.

Numbers, verbs, plans, plots.

Adverb, will.

3. What is the only person who is good enough for animals but not good enough for people? ("Mencius? Qi Huan Jinwen Shi Zhi ")

What is the reason why your kindness can be applied to animals, but your merits can't be applied to people?

Explanation: write, auxiliary pronoun, "… reason".

Unique, adverb, rhetorical tone.

4. The team of stars, the sound of wood, is the change of heaven and earth, the change of yin and yang, and the scarcity of things. You can blame, but don't be afraid. ("Xunzi? Tianlun ")

When a meteor falls, trees make noise, which is a rare phenomenon in things that appear because of the movement of heaven and earth and the change of yin and yang. It is ok to think these phenomena are strange, but it is wrong to be afraid of them.

Explanation: Team, the original word of "falling", verb, falling.

Yes, demonstrative pronoun, this.

Strange, the conative use of adjectives, think … strange.

5. People-oriented, lack of materials, it is difficult to raise thin, so people struggle. ("All done?" Five expectations ")

Therefore, people have more property and less food and clothing, so people will compete.

Meson is a fixed structure consisting of demonstrative pronoun "Shi" and preposition "Yi", which is equivalent to "So" in modern Chinese.

Commodities, nouns, property.

Things, verbs, engage in and use.

6. In the summer of Jin Dynasty, Guo Wei, a reporter who read history, said, "There were three rivers in Jin Dynasty involving fetters." ("Lu Chunqiu? Chachuan ")

When I went to the State of Jin in summer and passed by Weiguo, I heard someone reading the history books and saying, "Three pigs in the State of Jin crossed the Yellow River."

Explanation: Zhi, verb, to, to.

History books, nouns, books that record history.

3. Which category does the following article belong to in the compilation of ancient Chinese characters? According to our classification, which category should it belong to?

Classification of ancient word class compilation;

Jia Yi's Fu of Hanging Qu Yuan belongs to the category of mourning, Mei Cheng's Seven Hair belongs to the category of Ci Fu, Chao Cuo's Lun Gui Su Shu belongs to the category of recitation, Han Yu's Fu of Township School, Liu Zongyuan's Biography and Ouyang Xiu's Long Steel Clamp Table belongs to the category of epitaph.

Our classification:

Jia Yi's Fu of Hanging Qu Yuan and Mei Cheng's Seven Hair belong to the category of verse, Chao Cuo's Lun Gui Su Shu belongs to the category of practical writing, Han Yu's Fu of the Rural Party belongs to the category of practical writing, Liu Zongyuan's Biography of Planting Camels belongs to the category of biographical prose, and Ouyang Xiu's Long Steel Clamp Table belongs to the category of practical writing.

Fourth, the following is "Justice in Shi Mao? Chapter 1 of the North Wind, read and answer the questions:

(For the original text, see page 747 of the textbook)

1. What is the pronunciation and meaning of "Pei"?

Pei's pronunciation is "pukang anti", that is, p ā ng; It means "full" and describes the appearance of heavy snow.

2. What does "Hui" mean? Whose bet is this?

Hui means "love", which means kindness. This is Mao Heng's note.

3. Is "good" an adjective or a verb? What is the basis?

"Good" is a verb. There are two reasons: first, there is an object "I" behind it; Second, its pronunciation is "echo", that is, Hao.

4. How does Zheng Xuan explain "evil"?

"Evil, read like Xu." Zheng Xuan thinks that "evil" is a loanword of "Xu", which means leniency.

5. What does "only" mean? Whose explanation is this?

"It's just that language helps." In other words, "only and" is a modal particle. This is the explanation of the hole pair.

The Analects of Confucius? Gongye Chang said, "I wish I could have horses and chariots, light clothes and fur, friends and no regrets." Ruan Yuan said in Notes to Thirteen Classics:' The first edition of Notes on Light Characters in the Book of Songs of the Tang Dynasty has no light characters. See "Guan Xiao Madness" and "Gossip is an idiom". Later generations add light words by mistake because of harmony. Qian Daxin's epigraphy and The Postscript of the Tail Marble Sutra added light words by mistake. Song people mistakenly took an examination of Tang Yong Biography, a book written in the Northern Qi Dynasty, which showed that the ancestors believed in the fur of the green mouse and gave me the gift of dressing horse fur. We use the story of Luz on the cover, which is an ancient book with no light words, which also shows that clothes are suitable for red. On the contrary, the clothes are silent, and there is no light on the ground. On the other hand, Xing is willing to take his clothes and horses with his friends. On the other hand, Xing Ben has no three certificates of light, and Huang Fu Ma has no regrets. On the other hand, there are no light words in the emperor's words, and later generations will supplement them according to paragraphs. According to Ruan Yuan, which word in the sentence is Yan Wen? What is the basis of Ruan Yuan? If Yan Wen is removed, what will happen to the punctuation of the sentence? This sentence can be punctuated in several different ways. What's the difference in meaning? What kind of punctuation do you approve of?

According to Ruan Yuan, Yan Wen is "light" in the sentence.

Ruan Yuan has four bases: First, there is no word "light" in the ancient edition; Second, there is no word "light" in the quotations of Lu Deming's classic interpretation; Thirdly, there is no word "light" in Xing Bing's Notes on the Analects of Confucius. Fourthly, there is no word "light" in Huang Kan's Notes on the Analects of Confucius.

If Yan Wen is removed, the punctuation of the sentence is:

Lutz said: "May horses, horses, clothes, clothes and friends * * *, and we have no regrets."

This sentence can be punctuated in two ways. In addition to the punctuation above, you can also use the following punctuation:

Lutz said, "I hope that horses and horses, clothes and clothes, and friends will be honest with each other and have no regrets."

The two punctuation methods have slightly different emphasis on sentence meaning. The former emphasizes the word "* *", while the latter emphasizes the word "we".

Comparing the two punctuation methods, the former is better.

Punctuate the following passage and translate it into modern Chinese:

Punctuation:

Minister Jing died suddenly when someone raised his beloved horse. Public anger is a solution to the problem of raising horses. It's time for Yan Zi to serve. Holding a knife around, Yan Zi stopped and asked Yugong, "When did Yao Shun ever help others?" The public suddenly said, "Start with me." So I don't understand.

Gong said, "I belong to the prison." Yan Zi said, "I didn't know my crime and died. I counted for the monarch, let him know his crimes and then sent him to prison. " Gong Dao: "Yes." Yan Zi calculated: "I have three sins: you keep a horse and kill it, and when you die, you are guilty;" He also killed the public's favorite horse, and when he died, he was guilty of two crimes; If a man kills a man, the people will blame our king if they hear about it, and if I hear about it, I will despise our country. If you kill a stallion, you will accumulate resentment in the people, and the soldiers will be weaker than the neighboring countries. You should die and commit three crimes. Today is a prison. " The public sighed and said, "Master, let it go! Master, let it go and don't hurt my kindness. " ("Yanzi Chunqiu? Insider ")

Translation:

Qi Jinggong asked to raise his beloved horse, and the horse suddenly died. Gong Jing was so angry that he ordered his men to dismember the horse breeder with a knife. At this moment, this is sitting in front of Gong Jing. Gong Jing's men came up with knives. Yan Zi stopped them and asked Gong Jing, "Where did Yao and Shun dismember the human body?" Gong Jing said in horror, "Start with me." So he ordered no more dismemberment of horse breeders.

Qi Huangong added, "Give it to the prison officer." Yan Zi said, "This man will be put to death before he knows his sins. Please let me recite his sins for you, let him know what he has committed, and then hand him over to the judge. " Gong Jing said, "Yes." Yan Zi scolded: "You have three sins: the king asked you to keep a horse, but you let the horse die and sentenced you to death. This is the first one. You let the king's best horse die and sentence you to death, which is the second; You let the king kill for a horse. When people hear this, they will hate our monarch. When the princes hear this, they will despise our country. You let the king's horse die, which led to the accumulation of public grievances and weakened the military strength of neighboring countries. You should be sentenced to death. This is the third article. Now hand you over to the judge. " Gong Jing sighed and said, "let him go! You let him go! Don't hurt my reputation of benevolence and righteousness! "

Punctuation:

What do you mean a guilty conscience is trustworthy? Sun Meng let Qin Xiba do the hunting. Mother also cried. Qin Xiba forbearance, longitudinal and give it. Meng Sungui, please pay attention to safety. Qin Xiba said to him: "His mother cried with her, and the minister was sincere and patient, and secretly gave it." Sun Meng was very angry and drove Qin Xiba away. Live for a year and treat it as a son. The left and right said, "Qin Xiba, you deserve it. Now you think Fu Zi is guilty. Why? " Sun Meng said, "A husband can't stand it, let alone others?" It's called guilt, benefit and trust. ("Huainanzi"? Human training ")

Translation:

What do you mean guilty but more credible? The stone hunting in the state of Lu got a fawn and sent Qin Xiba back to cook it. The doe barked after Qin Xiba. Qin Xiba could not bear to let go of the deer and returned it to the doe. When Shi came back, he asked where the deer was. Qin Xiba replied, "Mother Deer is crying behind her. I really can't stand it. I let it go without permission and gave it back to the doe. " Shi was very angry and drove Qin Xiba away. A year later, he was recalled to be his son's teacher. People around you said, "Qin Xiba is guilty of you, but now he is your son's teacher." Why? " Shi said, "He can't bear to hurt a deer, let alone a person?" This is an example of being more trusted if you are guilty.

Punctuation:

Mencius called Dai invincible, saying, "If you want a son, what good is it?" I told you. With Dr. Zhu here, if you want your son to speak the same language, can you make Qi people? Zhu Fu the Truman? "He said," let people pay. "He said," All Chu people are breathing it. Although they criticize it every day, they can't get it. "For several years, all can not get, although it is a slap in the face. The son's name is Xue Juzhou, and he is a good scholar. Let him live in the palace. Who lies in the position of king, all ages respect Xue Juzhou, who is wrong in the position of king? Where the king is, no one, old or young, is Xue Juzhou. Who is good to the king? A Xue Juzhou, as unique as Song Wang? " ("Mencius? Teng Wengong ")

Translation:

Mencius said to Dai Wuda, "Do you want your Solo to go in a good direction? I'm telling you clearly. If there is a doctor from the State of Chu here who wants his son to learn Qi dialect, should the Qi people teach him or the Chu people teach him? " Dai Wubu replied, "Please give me your advice." Mencius said: "Qi taught him alone, and many people in Chu clamored to interfere with him. Even if he is whipped every day, he can't learn to speak all the words. " If you take him to Zhuang Jie, Li Yue and other prosperous areas of Qi for several years, even if you whip him every day, you can't let him speak Chu. You said Xue Juzhou was a good man and asked him to live in the palace. If all the people in the palace, young and old, with low status and high status, are good people like Xue Juzhou, who will the King of Song do bad things with? If the people in the palace, old and young, with low status and high status, are not good people like Xue Juzhou, who will the King of Song do good deeds with? What can single Xue Juzhou do to Song Wang? "

Punctuation:

The public likes to eat fish. One country tried its best to buy fish to offer, but the public servants did not accept it. His brother remonstrated, saying, "Master loves fish and doesn't take it. Why not?" Yes, he said, "My husband only likes fish, so he doesn't accept it. If a husband receives a fish, he will be a servant; If there is the color of servants, it is in vain; If the law is abolished, it will be avoided. Although I like fish, I don't have to fish, and I can't feed myself. In other words, I can't help eating fish. Although I am addicted to fish, I can raise fish myself. " This wise man is better than self-reliance, and a wise man is better than himself. ("All done?" Foreign exchange reserves say right down ")

Translation:

Gong is the prime minister of Lu, and he especially likes to eat fish. People all over the country rushed to buy fish for him, but Mr. Gong Yi refused. His brother advised him, "You like fish and don't want to accept other people's fish. Why? " He replied, "I don't accept fish because I like it." If you accept the fish provided by others, you will have the performance of accommodating them; If you indulge their performance, you will break the law; If you break the law, you will be fired. Although they like to eat fish, these people may not give me any more fish, and I can't provide my own fish. If I don't accept other people's fish, I won't be removed from the prime minister. Although I love fish, I can supply myself with fish for a long time. "Gong knows that it is better to rely on others than on yourself, and it is better to rely on others than on yourself.