Calla lily catalogue

Distribution of origin

morphological character

principal item

Propagation cultivation

How to make calla lily cut flowers bloom more

Eliminate pests and diseases

Basic information

Latin scientific name: calla lily.

English name: Lily of Nile, calla lily

Alias: arrowhead flower, taro horse, Guanyin lotus

Classification of families and genera

Boundary: plant kingdom/plant kingdom

Gate: Angiosperm Gate/Magnolia Gate

Class: Monocotyledon/Liliaceae

Uses: Araceae or Alismata.

Family: Araceae/Araceae

Genus: calla lily/calla lily

Subsubfamily: calla lilisubfamily/calla lilisubfamily

Calla lily is a bulbous flower of Araceae, and it is one of the emerging flowers in recent years. As fresh cut flowers, the market demand is great and the prospect is broad. Calla lily is an important cut flower at home and abroad, because its green leaves and huge white buds, like Calla lily, are unique in shape and widely used.

[Edit this paragraph] Distribution of origin

Calla lily is native to rivers or swamps in southern Africa. China is distributed in Hebei, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian, Taiwan Province and Yunnan.

Arima

The flower language of calla lily is eternal, representing nobility, dignity, hope and nobility.

The flower language of calla lily is pure friendship.

The flower language of calla lily is pure and flawless.

Calla lily: elegant temperament

Calla lily: elegance

The white calla lily is elegant and beautiful, and its flower language is "faithfulness and unity".

Calla lily: It symbolizes "piety, eternal unity and good luck".

The red calla lily symbolizes holiness and piety, eternal unity and good luck. Flower language: clean, like.

Pink calla lily symbol: Love you all your life.

[Edit this paragraph] Morphological characteristics

Perennial herbs. The tubers are thick and fleshy, and the plant height is about1-2.50m. The leaves are stem-like, with long stalks, and the petiole is generally twice as long as the leaves. The upper part is angular, and the lower part is sheath-like, which can hold the stems after folding. The leaves are egg-shaped and arrow-shaped, complete and bright green. Pedicel attached to the leaf, higher than the leaf, spikes around the Buddha flame, very large, horseshoe-shaped. Spikes are cylindrical and bright yellow, with stamens in the upper part and pistils in the lower part. The fruit is fleshy and wrapped in a Buddha flame bag; The natural flowering period lasts from 1 1 to June of the following year, and the whole flowering period is 6 -7 months, which is at the peak of flowering. Seeds can be received in places with suitable climatic conditions, and generally there are few mature fruits.

Growth habit

Native to southern Africa, it is often found near rivers or swamps. Sex likes warm climate, not cold-resistant, not high-temperature-resistant, the optimum growth temperature is about 20℃, when 0℃, the roots will freeze to death. In winter, we need enough sunshine, but the sunshine is not enough, so we spend less and have a little tolerance for shade. In summer, the sun is too strong and too hot, so shade it properly. Like humidity, a little water will not affect growth too much, but it is not resistant to drought. I like loose and fertile clay loam rich in humus. Its dormant period varies from region to region. Cultivated in the Yangtze River basin and northern China, it should be moved into greenhouse in winter, bloom in winter and spring, and sleep in summer due to high temperature and drought; However, it does not hibernate all the year round in subtropical areas where winter is not cold and summer is dry.

[Edit this paragraph] Main varieties

At present, there are three varieties widely cultivated. (1) The tubers of calla lily are small and grow slowly. But it blooms early, with many flowers, white pedicels, and large and round spathe. (2) The pedicel base of calla lily with red peduncle is slightly red, which blooms a little later than that of calla lily with white peduncle, and the spathe is round. (3) The green stems of calla lily have thick tubers, vigorous growth and late flowering. Pedicel stout, slightly triangular. The spatula is pointed backwards, yellow and white, and its volume is smaller than the above two kinds. In addition, there are common cultivated varieties, such as calla lily: dark yellow, flowering in July-August, dormant in winter; Calla lily: short, blooming in June; Calla lily with silver leaves: the leaves are white patches, the spathe is white or light yellow, and the base is purple spots. Flowering in July-August, dormant in winter. Black-hearted calla lily: dark yellow with black spots on the throat.

[Edit this paragraph] Propagation and culture

(1) The main breeding method is ball distribution. After the plant goes into dormancy, peel off the small balls around the tuber and plant them separately. You can also sow and propagate, and sow the seeds in a pot when they are mature. The optimum temperature for germination is about 20℃.

(2) The cultivated calla lily usually grows bulbs after autumn. The row spacing of beds is 25cm, and the spacing between plants is10cm. Use fertile, slightly sticky soil, such as: garden soil 2 parts, chaff ash 1 part, and a little bone meal or manure; 2 parts of fine pond mud, humus soil (or compost) 1 part, and soil prepared by adding appropriate amount of superphosphate and decomposed cow dung can also be used. After planting, cover the soil with a thickness of 3 cm -4 cm, and the seedlings can emerge in about 20 days. Calla lily likes to have plenty of water during its growth, so it is necessary to sprinkle water on the leaves and the ground frequently and pay attention to the cleanliness of the leaves. Topdressing liquid fertilizer 1 time every half month. Rinse with water immediately after fertilization to prevent accidents. Before frost, move into the greenhouse and keep the room temperature above 10℃. In order to avoid the influence of many leaves on lighting during maintenance, the leaves can be removed, which is also beneficial to the extension of pedicels. February-April is the full flowering period, and watering is gradually stopped after flowering; After May, the plants began to wither and turn yellow, so we should pay attention to ventilation and keep dry to prevent tuber rot. When the plant is completely dormant, the tuber can be taken out, dried and preserved, and then planted in autumn.

Cultivation techniques calla lily is suitable for planting from late August to early September, and cut flowers are planted on the ground. Strong roots are planted in fertile fields in groups of three, and can bloom for the market around New Year's Day. Each potted plant has 2-3 big balls and 1-2 small balls, and organic fertilizer can be added to the garden soil. Plant in the shade, germinate in the sun, and keep the room temperature above 10 degree when the first frost moves into the greenhouse. Always keep the basin soil moist during the growing period, and spray water on the leaves and the ground at ordinary times to increase the air humidity. Topdressing liquid fertilizer 1 time every half month. Phosphate fertilizer should be applied before flowering to control the growth of stems and leaves, promote the differentiation of flower buds and ensure the quality of flowers. Don't let the fertilizer water flow into the petiole when fertilizing, so as not to cause rot. If there are too many leaves in the growing period, a few old leaves can be removed to facilitate the extraction of pedicels, and February-May is the flowering period. After the hot weather in late May, the plants began to turn yellow, so we should gradually stop watering and shade moderately to prevent water accumulation. Potted plants should be moved to a ventilated and semi-shady place, so that the pots can be placed on the side to avoid rainwater accumulation, so as to keep dry and promote dormancy. After all the leaves turn yellow, the bulbs can be taken out, dried and stored in a ventilated and cool place. Before planting in autumn, cut off the aging part at the bottom of bulb and replant it. The big ball blooms and the small ball can raise seedlings. Pests and diseases are mainly soft rot. The prevention and control methods include pulling out the diseased plants and disinfecting the planting sites with 200 times formalin; Try to avoid continuous cropping; Timely drainage; Air should circulate; Spray bordeaux mixture at the beginning. The main pest is red spider. It can be controlled by 3 000 times of phosphorus trichloride solution.

[Edit this paragraph] How to make calla lily cut flowers bloom more brightly?

1. The cultivated soil is acidic, and the growth is mainly based on base fertilizer. Calla lily likes fertile and loose slightly acidic soil.

2. Pay attention to adequate watering during the growth and flowering period. 3. There should be sufficient light in flowering period. It likes long hours of light. 4. Cut old leaves frequently to promote the growth of buds. 5. It is warm in winter and cool in summer. The picking time of horseshoe lotus is related to different seasons, sales volume and other factors. Usually in the morning. Flowers grow slowly after picking in winter, so it is not advisable to pick them too early. Flowers can still grow rapidly in water after picking in spring and summer, so they can be picked after seeing the internal style, and picked once in the morning and evening in summer. In addition, flowers can be picked slightly when they circulate quickly, and they can be picked slightly if they need to be stored after picking. Can be selected according to the different requirements of different customers to fully meet customer needs. Picking skills in picking skills, we should pay attention to holding the roots of flowers by hand and pulling them up vertically. If the hand is on the upper side, it is easy to tear off the flowers. If the force is too large, it is easy to cause damage to plants, and even uproot plants with weak growth potential. Flower packaging and storage technology The fresh cut flowers of calla lily should be packaged and stored in time after picking, usually ten flowers are in a bunch. The heads of ten flowers should be aligned together, and the neck, middle and lower parts of the flowers should be tied tightly with narrow tape respectively. Generally, after the flowers are kept 80cm, the remaining tails should be cut off. Pay attention to cutting off a part of the tail of each flower to facilitate the transportation of water to the upper part. Packaged flowers should be placed vertically in a bucket and stored in a cool place in time. Pay attention to keep the water clean and soak the flower stem for 2/3 height.

Cutting and preservation of cut flowers;

When the spatula of calla lily has been stretched to the maximum and curled, it can be cut. After cutting, the upper part of each cut flower is wrapped with cellophane, graded in size, boxed and listed. Due to its own characteristics, we should pay attention to the transportation of fresh cut flowers to avoid damage caused during transportation. Long-distance transportation should take about 20 bundles as a transportation unit, first packed in plastic bags, and then packed and transported. In order to save costs, short-distance transportation can only be carried out in large plastic bags, all of which are tied with tape and then bagged. When transporting, it should be placed flat above the plane to avoid being damaged by other objects. The key point of potted flower planting of calla lily is 1. Plantar fertilizer should be applied when potted, and several lateral buds should be left beside the big bulbs to increase the density and appreciation of flowers and leaves. 2. Properly control watering, increase ventilation, keep plant spacing and make it beautiful. 3. After the plant spacing is finally determined, try to avoid moving the flowerpot, keep the soil under the flowerpot moist, and let the roots of the flowers penetrate into the soil below through the drainage holes under the flowerpot, so as to flourish. Key points of potted flower transportation Before transporting potted flowers, wrap them in small plastic bags, and then wrap the whole plant in newspaper to avoid soiling flowers and breaking the stems of flowers and leaves during transportation, which will affect the ornamental effect. When loading, it can be transported horizontally in layers, which increases the transportation volume and reduces the transportation cost.

Water chestnut lotus is poisonous and contains a lot of herbal calcium crystals and alkaloids. Poisoning symptoms such as drowsiness will occur if you eat it by mistake. This species is a poisonous plant included in China Botanical Atlas Database, and its toxicity is tuber, spathe and spike. Chewing small tubers can cause swelling and pain in the tongue and throat. An 8-year-old girl was poisoned by eating inflorescences. She was in a coma 12 hours and recovered after 24 hours.

[Edit this paragraph] Pest control

The common diseases of colored calla lily mainly include bacterial diseases, fungal diseases and insect pests, which are introduced respectively below. Bacterial disease Eucalyptus: Eucalyptus disease, also known as soft rot, is caused by Erwinia. Caroto vola. Infected leaves and stems turn dark green, with necrotic spots and rot spots, and secrete mucus, and finally the plant lodging. At the same time, the tubers began to rot and stink. When a plant grows poorly, it can cause infection through some small wounds. These bacteria can also secrete some enzymes to dissolve cell walls and penetrate plants. If the plant is dry, the infected plant and the soil where it grows should be carefully removed. It should be noted that those infected tubers should be picked out as early as possible before planting and disinfected just in case. Susceptibility to eucalyptus infection also varies from species to species. Generally speaking, yellow and orange varieties are more susceptible to infection than white and cream varieties. The best control method is to provide an optimal growth environment for plants from beginning to end in the process of cultivation, so that they can develop without interference. The growing environment of colored calla lily should meet the following requirements:

Provide enough water (don't plant too shallow; Water when the soil is dry);

The drainage performance of soil is better to prevent the occurrence of excessive humidity;

Avoid excessive temperature in the greenhouse, especially when the relative humidity is high;

Prevent plants and tubers from being damaged (prevent wind from damaging plants, be careful not to let herbicides affect the growth of plants, and be careful when harvesting and processing);

Prevent damage caused by other fungal diseases and pests. (For example, the harm caused by Pythium or Rhizoctonia may provide a port for the invasion of eucalyptus);

Don't use too much nitrogen fertilizer, because the amount of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare is more than 150 kg, which is easy to cause eucalyptus infection.

Tubers should be dried as soon as possible after harvest: if there is a delay in the first week after harvest, it will cause a lot of losses in the future. Fungal disease pythium: This fungus can cause root rot, which will limit the absorption of water by plants. Rotation and accurate irrigation (and drainage) are important factors to prevent infection. Steam disinfection and bactericide treatment are carried out on the soil before planting.

Rhizoctonia solani: This fungus destroys the buds of plants near the ground. Using methyl chloropicrin and fluoroamide to treat soil can control bacteria.

Penicillium. This fungus can cause infection during tuber storage, and damage the tuber during and after storage, especially when the tuber has been mechanically damaged, the relative humidity in the storage room is too high or the air flow in the microenvironment is insufficient. Providing sufficient airflow can prevent the occurrence of this pathogen. You can also use fungicides to disinfect tubers, such as captan.

Botrytis cinerea: It can occur on flowers and leaves. When cultivated in the open air, the combination of bactericide and insecticide should be prevented every 10 day. The infection of botrytis cinerea almost always shows the formation of small spots on leaves. At the end of August or early September, it is enough to take preventive measures once. Insect pests thrips and aphids can cause harm in the whole growth process of plants. Spray parathion twice before picking flowers, and use acephate or deltamethrin every 7- 10 days for prevention during cultivation.

Calla lily flower language

★ Warning

This plant is toxic all over the body, and eating it by mistake will cause vomiting, but it can be fed to wild boar after cooking, and cooked leaves can cure minor headaches, but all drugs must be used under the guidance of a doctor.

Water lily is an orchid.

orchid

orchid

[Edit this paragraph] Basic information

name

Scientific name: orchid.

British name: Orchid

Alias: bluegrass

Branch name: Ranko

Pinyin: Blue Flower

Orchidaceae is the floorboard of more than 70 kinds of orchids. Native to tropical and subtropical Asia, there are thousands of artificial hybrid varieties. Flowers are white, light yellow to green, reddish brown or dark bronze. Native or epiphytic, this genus is a common ornamental flower with short pseudobulb, leathery leaves and many flowers on each pedicel.

[Edit this paragraph] originated in China.

Ecological habit

Orchids are mainly divided into three categories: terrestrial orchids, aerial orchids and saprophytic orchids. Because most species of ground orchids are native to China, ground orchids are also called China orchids and listed as the top ten flowers in China. Orchids in China are mainly divided into five categories: Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum, and there are thousands of horticultural varieties. Orchids < b >

National treasure orchid

Orchids, alias China Orchid, Jiuhua Orchid, Jiuzi Orchid, Xialan Orchid, Jiujie Orchid and Jiuhua Orchid, are one of the longest cultivated and most popular orchids in China. In ancient times, it was often called "Hui", and it was often called "Hui Zhi" together with Angelica dahurica. Cymbidium hybridum is a rare species in China and a national second-class protected wild species. Orchids are native to the south of Qinling Mountains, the north of Nanling Mountains and the vast areas in southwest China, and are one of the more cold-resistant orchid varieties.

[Edit this paragraph] Morphological characteristics

There are more than 35,000 species in 750 genera of Orchidaceae, and more than 70 species of Orchidaceae. Common cultivated varieties in China are:

Chunlan, a famous flower of the four seasons:

Also known as grass orchid, mountain orchid and fragrant flower. One stem 1 ~2 flowers, fragrant. The flowering period is from February to March. Mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin and southwest China. Traditional rare species include Song Mei and Huilong. This variety is arbor with thin leaves, dark green flowers and no fragrance or light fragrance.

National treasure C.faberi:

There are also wine orchids and Xia Lan. One stem has many flowers, often 6 ~ 12, and the fragrance is overflowing. The flowering period is from March to May. The distribution area is similar to Chunlan. Traditional famous varieties include Shanghai Mei, Xie Peimei and Jin.

Sichuan chicory (c. faberi var. sechuanicum): commonly known as Simao chicory, leaves are often arranged in two rows, and the flowering period is from July to September. Mainly distributed in Fujian and Guangdong. The varieties of flag leaves are precious golden horsetail, Chen Yu Dagong, Longyan, Dafeng tail, Guanyin and Changting.

Perennial herbs. The root is fleshy and hairy, with * * * bacteria. Pseudobulb, commonly known as Reuters, is covered with leaf sheaths. Many pseudobulb are often connected and exist in rows at the same time. Leaves are linear or sword-shaped, leathery, erect or drooping, flowers are solitary or in racemes, and many bracts are attached to pedicels. Flowers are bisexual and fragrant. Corolla consists of 3 sepals, 3 petals and pistil. 1 The middle sepal is called the main petal. The next two pieces are attached valves, and the extension of the attached valves is called home. The upper two petals are upright, fleshy and curled inward at the top, commonly known as hugs. The lower part 1 is a big lip, commonly known as Sun Lan. When mature, it is brown, and the seeds are fine and powdery.

Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum can be divided into plum petals, daffodil petals, lotus petals, butterfly petals, exotic flowers and herbs and vegetarian hearts according to their different shapes and textures. The sepals of plum blossom petals are short and round, with thick pulp, slightly bent inward, narrow base, fleshy and plump petals, short and hard lips and slightly upward flowers. The famous varieties are Song Mei, XiShen and America. Narcissus petals are sepals slightly longer than plum petals, with tapered tips, thick petals, pocket-shaped tips and slightly drooping lips or rolled back. Famous species include Wang Zi and Cui Yipin. Tea petals are wide sepals, thick, narrow at the base and wide and sharp at the top. Put the petals in your pocket and your lips are moist and slightly curly. Famous varieties include Dafugui and Cuigaihua. Butterfly petals are the inside of two downward sepals, which become thick and wavy with red patches. Sometimes, the number of whole sepals or petals suddenly increases (such as Lv Yun, the corolla is usually around 8), or the flower shape has special changes. Su Xin is the same color as perianth, stem and bud, pure green, yellow-green and so on. , no mottled green, yellow-green and so on. No mottled markings. Precious varieties are Zhang and Lao Wentuan Su.

Blue prefers shade, avoids direct sunlight, prefers wetness and dryness, and prefers fertile sandy loam with rich humus, good drainage and slight acidity, which is suitable for air circulation. An orchid