physiological function
1. regulating water and sodium mainly exists in extracellular fluid, which is very important for regulating osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid and maintaining constant water volume in the body. In addition, potassium also constitutes the osmotic pressure of intracellular fluid, maintaining the stability of intracellular water. The balance of sodium and potassium content is the fundamental condition to maintain the constant water content inside and outside the cell.
2. Maintain the acid-base balance. After being reabsorbed by the kidney, sodium exchanges with hydrogen ions to eliminate carbon dioxide in the body and maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids.
3. Maintaining normal blood pressure Sodium regulates the volume of extracellular fluid, which is very important for maintaining normal blood pressure. Too much sodium in the body will raise blood pressure.
4. It is necessary to strengthen the concentration balance of excitable sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in neuromuscular stress, and sodium that meets the needs can enhance the excitability of neuromuscular.
Poor performance
Generally speaking, sodium deficiency is not easy to occur in human body, but in some cases, such as fasting, too strict dietary sodium restriction and very low intake, or excessive discharge of sodium due to high temperature, excessive sweating and gastrointestinal diseases, or when the kidney cannot effectively retain sodium due to some diseases, or when the kidney is inhibited from reabsorption of sodium due to the use of diuretics.
The early symptoms of sodium deficiency are not obvious, such as burnout, indifference, listlessness, and even fainting when standing up. When sodium deficiency reaches a certain level, nausea, vomiting, blood pressure drop and painful muscle spasm may occur, and more serious symptoms such as blurred vision, increased heart rate, weak pulse, disappearance of pain reflex and even shock may occur.
food source
Sodium exists widely in food and drinking water. Sodium in the body mainly comes from salt. Animal food and some vegetables such as celery, mustard tuber, laver and carrot can also provide a small amount of sodium ions for the body. Baking soda for hair, namely sodium bicarbonate, is also the source of sodium ions in the body. The content of sodium chloride in milk is 4-5 times higher than that in human milk, and the content of sodium in seafood is more.
People in need of compensation
1. People who engage in manual labor or strenuous exercise will lose a lot of sodium with sweat, so they should supplement proper water before strenuous exercise or high-intensity labor, or supplement sports drinks, fruits with high sugar content or light salt water after exercise or labor.
2. People who often work at high temperature excrete a lot of sweat and lose a lot of sodium in high temperature environment, which leads to the imbalance of sodium and potassium concentration in the body. People with mild symptoms can take sports drinks orally or take 0. 1% ~ 0.2% physiological saline. If it is severe heatstroke, it is necessary to inject 0.9% saline intravenously.
3. Frequent vomiting and diarrhea due to weakened digestive function will cause the body to lose a lot of water and sodium due to frequent vomiting and diarrhea. It can be supplemented by drinking osmotic pressure drinks, sports drinks, light salt water or intravenous drip.
Excessive injury
Excessive sodium intake can cause thirst, and renal insufficiency can cause edema. Excessive intake of sodium can lead to edema, kidney disease, hypertension and so on. Patients with hypertension should try to eat less meat, sausages and salted meat, such as ham, bacon and beef sauce, and also eat less condiments such as tomato sauce, Chili sauce, soy sauce and mustard sauce. Do not use baking powder or baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) when cooking.
Need to know about replenishment
1. At present, there is no shortage of sodium in our diet, and it far exceeds the physiological needs, so for most people, the intake of sodium should be limited.
2. In the case of continuous sweating, it is easy to cause obvious sodium deficiency, and low-concentration physiological saline should be supplemented.
3. Although the kidney has a strong regulatory effect on the discharge of sodium ions, from the point of view that high-sodium diet can easily induce hypertension and renal insufficiency in some people, low-sodium diet is preferable, so the daily salt intake of ordinary adults should be controlled at about 5 ~ 10g.
Classic cookbook
Day lily with bean sprouts
Raw materials: 50g of dried day lily, 6 eggs, 50g of mung bean sprouts, 0/5g of starch15g of flour, 3g of monosodium glutamate, 8g of onion, 8g of ginger, 200g of peanut oil, and a proper amount of refined salt, cooked soybean oil and sesame oil.
Practice beating the eggs into a bowl and separating the egg whites from the yolks. Wash onion and ginger and cut into pieces; Daylily is soft and clean; Add salt, monosodium glutamate 1g, cooked soybean oil and a little water to the egg yolk, beat it evenly with chopsticks, then steam it into egg custard in a cage and buckle it in a basin; Beat the egg white evenly, add flour and starch to make an egg paste, divide it into 8 parts, and put daylily in each part to make a banana leaf shape; Add peanut oil to the pan, and when the oil is heated to 50%, put the prepared "banana leaves" into the oil pan for frying, pour in the hot oil continuously with a spoon, take it out after frying thoroughly, pour out the remaining oil and put it on a plate; Leave a little oil in the pot, fry onion and Jiang Mo, remove onion and Jiang Mo, then add mung bean sprouts, add 2g monosodium glutamate, salt and fried "banana leaves", simmer for a while, thicken with wet starch, pour sesame oil on it, put it on a plate, and put "banana leaves" around the custard. You can eat it.
Features This dish is beautiful in appearance and delicious in taste. Day lily, also called day lily, contains 59.2 mg of sodium per100g, and eggs contain 59.2 mg of sodium per100g. This dish is rich in sodium, which can supplement the human body if eaten regularly.
It should be noted that fresh day lily contains a colchicine substance, which will be oxidized in the human body after frying, resulting in highly toxic substances, so fresh day lily is not suitable for direct consumption.
Kelp oyster soup
Raw materials: oyster meat 100g, kelp silk 30g, cooking wine, refined salt, monosodium glutamate, ginger slices, lard and broth.
Practice Wash the oyster meat, soak it in hot water until it swells, take it out, wash it and put it in a bowl. The soak water is clarify and filtered, put into a bowl, steamed in a cage for 1 hour, and taken out; On fire, add a little lard, stir-fry ginger slices, cook cooking wine, add broth, kelp, refined salt and monosodium glutamate, pour in steamed oyster meat and soup, cook for a while, and then take out the pot.
Features This soup is delicious and salty. Oysters are rich in sodium, with a sodium content of 462 mg per 100 g, which plays an important role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of human cells. The sodium content in kelp is more abundant, reaching 25 1 1 mg per 100 g, both of which can supplement the sodium and various nutrients needed by human body.
Fried pigeon meat strips
The raw materials are pigeon meat 300g, yam 60g, peanut oil, cooking wine, starch, refined salt, monosodium glutamate, egg white, pepper powder and sesame oil.
The method is to peel and wash pigeon meat, put it on a cross knife, cut it into strips about 3 cm long and about 1 cm thick, put it in a bowl, and add pepper powder, cooking wine, refined salt and sesame oil to marinate for a while; Peel and slice Chinese yam, air dry and grind into powder, add egg white, starch and paste, pour pigeon meat strips and grab evenly; Add peanut oil to a clean pot, heat it to 60% heat with medium fire, add dried pigeon meat strips and fry until cooked. When they are golden yellow, take them out and sprinkle with monosodium glutamate.
Efficacy Dove meat is good at clearing away heat and toxic materials, nourishing yin and nourishing blood, which has a good effect on protecting fresh skin and is rich in mineral sodium. Chinese yam has a particularly good nourishing effect and is very effective in keeping the skin plump and beautiful.
Minced meat with winter vegetables
200g of raw pork (the ratio of fat meat to lean meat is 3: 7), 75g of winter vegetables, 75g of big oil, 20g of soy sauce, cooking wine 13g, sugar 10g, ginger 10g, 3g of monosodium glutamate and 3g of onion.
The practice is to chop pork, wash winter vegetables, cut ginger into pieces, and cut onions into chopped green onions; Heat the frying spoon and pour oil into it. When the oil is hot, stir-fry the minced meat until the water is exhausted. Then add onion and ginger and stir fry, that is, stir fry the cooking wine, soy sauce, sugar and monosodium glutamate evenly. Finally, stir-fry the winter vegetables a few times.
Features This dish is delicious and convenient to eat after meals, especially in winter, which is rich in mineral sodium.
Celery with golden hook
The raw materials are celery 100g, shrimp 25g, cooking wine, refined salt, monosodium glutamate, sugar and sesame oil.
Refining celery into leaves and stems, washing, and cutting into fine dices; Wash the shrimps, put them in a bowl and soak them in a little boiling water, then cut them into cubes, put them in a bowl, add cooking wine, steam them in a steamer until they are soft, and take them out for later use; After the wok is on fire, add a proper amount of water and bring it to a boil, then push the diced celery in, stir fry quickly for a while, and then pour it into a colander to drain the water; Put diced celery and diced shrimp into a dish and mix well, then add salt, monosodium glutamate, sugar and sesame oil and mix well.
Features This dish is fresh, tender, crisp and delicious.
Braised beef and carrots
500g of raw beef, 500g of carrot, 0/5 of chestnut/kloc, 300g of onion, ginger, monosodium glutamate, soy sauce, refined salt and edible vegetable oil.
Practice Wash the beef and cut it into 2 cm square pieces. Removing roots and tops from carrots, washing, peeling, and cutting into hob blocks; Removing the hard shell and kernel skin of millet; Sliced onion and ginger; Put the wok on the fire, add vegetable oil and heat it. Put the beef pieces, ginger slices and onion into the wok, stir-fry the beef with high fire until it turns white, and then take it out. Stir-fry carrot pieces with the remaining oil until they are slightly yellow, and then take them out. Put the remaining oil in the pot, heat it, put the fried beef, carrot and chestnut kernel in the pot, add soy sauce and appropriate amount of water, boil it with strong fire, simmer for 40 minutes, add refined salt and monosodium glutamate to adjust the taste, and serve.
Features: This dish has cooked meat, rotten radish and delicious taste. This dish is a good product for strengthening the body, preventing diseases and fighting cancer.
Braised rice with milk
Raw materials: rice 1000g, 2 bottles of milk.
Practice: Wash the rice, put it in a pot and add water until it is cooked, then add a proper amount of water to the milk, pour it into the rice pot, stew it over medium heat, boil it and stew it over low heat for 30 minutes.
The specialty of this dish is rotten rice, which tastes like milk. Rice and milk are ideal food choices for people to supplement their daily nutrition.