Style name is a verse form of poetry, which is developed from five-character poems, seven-character poems or folk songs.

It began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Originally, it was a poetic style sung by music, and the length of sentences varied with the tune.

So it is also called long and short sentences. There are two kinds of poems and slow words, which are generally divided into upper and lower parts.

Types of words

Ci was originally called "Quci" or "Quci", accompanied by music. From the music point of view, it is the same literary genre as Yuefu, and it also comes from folk literature. Later, like Yuefu, Ci gradually separated from music and became a unique poetic style, so some people called Ci "poetry". Scholars' Ci is deeply influenced by metrical poems, so there are many metrical sentences in Ci.

There are long words and short sentences, but the number of words in the whole article is certain. The level of each sentence is also certain

Characters can be roughly divided into three categories: (1) poem; (2) alto; (3) Long tune. Some people think that words below 58 are minor, words between 59 and 90 are middle key, and words below 9 1 are long key. Although this division is too absolute, the general situation is still the same.

There are already some medium-long tunes in Dunhuang Quzi Ci. Liu Yong wrote some long tunes in the early Song Dynasty. Su Shi, Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian and others followed closely, and long tunes became popular. The characteristics of long tunes, in addition to the large number of words, are generally sparse phonology.

Word card

The epigraph is the name of the word format. The format of words is different from that of metrical poems: there are only four formats of metrical poems, but there are always more than 1000 formats of words (these formats are called music scores). People can't call them the first class, the second class and so on, so they are given some names. These names are epigrams. Sometimes, several formats share a epigraph because they are several variants of the same format; Sometimes, the same format has several names, just because the names are different.

About the origin of epigraph, there are about the following three situations:

It was originally the name of music. For example, Bodhisattva Man is said to be due to the tribute paid by the female country in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. They wear a high bun, a golden crown and garlands (garlands are jewelry worn on their bodies), like bodhisattvas. At that time, the teaching workshop was also divided into "Bodhisattva Manqu". It is said that Tang Yizong loved to sing the word "Bodhisattva Crossing the River", which was a popular song at that time. "Xijiang Moon", "Pine Wind" and "Recent Flowers" all belong to this category. These are folk tunes.

(2) Choose a few words from a word as an inscription. For example, Qin Yi E, because the first two sentences of the first word written in this format are "Xiao Shengyan, dreams are broken", so the epigraph is called E, also called E. Memorizing Jiangnan was originally named Wang Jiangnan, also known as Xie Qiuniang. But Bai Juyi has a poem praising "Jiangnan is good", and the last sentence is "Can you forget Jiangnan", so the epigraph is also called memorizing Jiangnan. Dream as a Dream was originally named Yi Xian Zi and later renamed Dream as a Dream, which was written by Zhuang Zong in the late Tang Dynasty. Niannujiao is also called no return to the river, because Su Shi has a poem "Niannujiao", and the first sentence is "No return to the river". It is also called "the moon on the Yangtze River" because the last three words of Su Shi are "the moon on the Yangtze River".

(3) It is the topic of words. The lyrics of "Treading on a Horse" are about dancing, the lyrics of "Riding and Dancing" are about riding and dancing, Ai Naiqu is about boating, the fishing song is about fishing, the waves are about scouring the sand, the ball throwing music is about throwing hydrangeas, and the lost son is about the night. This situation is the most common. Where the epigraph is marked with "original intention", that is to say, the epigraph is also a topic, and there are no other topics.

But most words don't use the original meaning, so there are prefixes besides epigrams. Generally, the topic is marked with smaller words under the inscription. In this case, the inscription has nothing to do with the inscription. A "Waves on the Beach" is not about waves or sand at all; A poem "Recalling Jiangnan" can also not talk about Jiangnan at all. In this way, the epigraph is the word spectrum.

Two tones, two tones, three folds and four folds.

The words are monosyllabic, disyllabic, trisyllabic and tetrasyllabic.

A monotonous word is often a poem. It's like a poem, but only a long and short sentence. For example:

Word style

Generally speaking, there are two schools: bold and graceful.

Yugezi

Zhang

Egrets fly in front of mount cisse,

Peach blossom and flowing water mandarin fish fertilizer.

Green bamboo hat,

Green hemp fiber,

There is no need to return to the oblique wind and drizzle.

well

[Song] Li Qingzhao

Last night, it was raining and suddenly the wind blew.

Deep sleep won't leave a hangover.

Ask the shutter man,

However, Haitang remains the same.

Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what?

It should be green, fat and thin!

Some disyllabic words are minor, others are alto or long. Disyllabic is to divide a word into two parts. The number of words in the two lines is equal or almost equal, and so is the level tone. In this way, an equal number of words is like a music score with two lyrics. Unequal, usually the first two or three sentences are different in number or level, which is the most common form of the so-called "head change" disyllabic words. For example:

Tashahang Chenzhou Hotel

[Song] Qin Guan

Mist lost the balcony,

The maze of the moon,

Taoyuan is nowhere to be found.

Can be lonely as a cold spring;

The sun sets in the cuckoo's song.

Bottoms,

Fishbone,

Build by laying bricks or stones into this disgusting appearance!

Fortunately, Chen Qiang bypassed Chen Shan.

Who gave up Xiaoxiang for?

The partridge can't see the plum.

[Song] Xin Qiji

Thousands of feet ice flows at a hundred paces.

Chai Men is open to water.

Clouds are shrouded in smoke,

The wild water is idle and the sun is coming.

Dress gently and gracefully,

After Cui Wei,

When was Lindong planted?

Although there are many bamboos swaying,

The romance of decoration owes plum blossoms.

He Xinlang sent Hu Bangheng to NSW.

[Song] Zhang

Dream around shenzhou road.

The autumn wind draws corners,

The Forbidden City is far from Xiaomi.

The bottom layer is mainly Kunlun.

Nine rehmannia flow disorderly injection?

Thousand villages gather foxes and rabbits.

God's will is never easy to ask,

It is easy to be sad when you are old, but difficult to sue.

More Nanpu,

Send you away.

The cold willows on the shore urge the waste heat.

Sparse stars and pale moon,

The cloud broke.

Does Wan know where it is?

Looking back at the night talk.

Before the geese arrived,

Whose book is it?

Look up at the sky, cherish the present,

Ken had a grudge against Cao.

Raise the white flag,

Listen to the golden thread

("Who can't be a goose without books?" According to the law of words, one sentence should be read. )

Like "Step on Shakespeare" and "The Fisherman's Pride", the words before and after are exactly the same. Other words, before and after, before and after are basically the same.

30% off is three shovels, 40% off is 40% off. Triple and quadruple words are rare, so I won't give examples here.

Definition of word names

Ci: a literary genre that originated in the Five Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty and was popular in the Song Dynasty.

Quzi Ci: The words in Tang and Five Dynasties are called Quzi Ci.

Elegant Ci: After the Song Dynasty, the tone of Ci changed from vulgarity to elegance, which was called elegant Ci.

Gorgeous words: as opposed to elegant words.

Side color words: namely color words.

Near-body Yuefu: "Near-body Yuefu" is the name of Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Music Yuefu: Create your own new songs and combine their sounds with the old ones.

Big words: Song people used slow songs as big words.

Small words: Song people take order, quotation and proximity as small words.

Nanci: Northerners call this word Nanci to distinguish it from (Qu).

Nanle: Yuan people also called Nanle.

Long and short sentences: after the Song Dynasty, it can be said that long and short sentences are aliases of words, but in the Northern Song Dynasty, long and short sentences are the original names of words; In the Tang Dynasty, long and short sentences were still a poetic noun.

Yu Shi: At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, someone compiled a collection of poems, added words and added a category called Yu Shi.

Qin Qu: Later generations used "Qin Qu" as another name for this word.

Ye: Anyone who notes the word "Ye" in Zipu has the same rhyme as the previous sentence, and does not change other rhymes (please check the rhyme).

Rhyme: where there are rhyming words in the spectrum, that is, the first rhyme of each word.

Sentence: where there is a word in the vocabulary, it is a sentence that does not rhyme.

Bean: Where the word bean is noted in the word spectrum, that is, where a word is a sentence, it is usually also called the word bean.

Change: If the word spectrum changes, all sentences must rhyme, and then change the rhyme. Or the last sentence is all flat and even rhyme, and another flat and even rhyme, also called flat and even rhyme. Anyone who notices the change of rhyme in the word spectrum must put all the above sentences in the flat rhyme, and then make the rhyme change. Or the last sentence is all flat, and then another flat, also known as rhyme change, means rhyme change and then rhyme change. Those who are different from the rhyme are called "three changes" and "Ye Xun". The same is true of people who change rhymes after they change rhymes.

Overlap: Overlap means repetition. Therefore, poets usually stack the next paragraph of a word.

There are four differences between people who note overlapping words in the word spectrum: first, overlapping sentences is like a dream, like a dream. The second is overlapping words, such as recalling Qin E. The first three words of the third sentence overlap with the last three words of the second sentence. Third, word inversion, such as a joke, the last word of the last film is superimposed on the next film, and the word is inverted. Fourth, the rhyme, such as Sauvignon Blanc, the first two sentences, you are full of tears, I am full of tears, and the two rhymes are the same.

Que: A word called que is a unique unit noun.

Change: Play each song from beginning to end, and then play another song. This is called change.

Time: The word "change" was used in the Tang Dynasty, which was simplified. The word "change" was borrowed or used as the word "time". The upper and lower parts of a word can be called the next time, the upper and lower parts, and the upper and lower parts.

I: That's all.

Film: In the Southern Song Dynasty, the word "pan" was saved as the word "pan". Characters are generally divided into two parts: the upper part is called the upper part, and the lower part is called the lower part.

Paragraph: synonymous with film and time.

Pat: Han Yu defined the beat and called it a phrase.

Yao: Next time.

Beat: The end of a word is called beat. But a well is not a sentence.

Stop shooting: Stop shooting immediately.

Change the head: a word develops from once to twice. If the sentence pattern at the beginning of the next time is different from that at the beginning of the last time, it is called a head change.

Over the cavity: that is, changing the head.

Guo: Just change your head.

Passing the film: that is, changing the head.

Excessive change: that is, changing the head.

Pass: that is, change the head.

Overtaking: that is, changing the head.

Repetition: A law with identical syntax is called repetition, and repetition only exists in Xiao Ling.

Double drag head: For words with more than three stacks, the second stack is exactly the same as the first stack in sentence structure and disgust, and looks like the double head of the third stack in form, so it is called double drag head.

Tone sandhi: A tune originally belonging to a palace tune. When a musician turned it into another palace tune, the rhythm changed and the lyrics changed, so a key signature with the word "tone sandhi" appeared.

Disyllabic: Since Yuan and Ming Dynasties, most people often refer to two overlapping words as "disyllabic".

Promoting the beat: the so-called "promoting the beat" means the change of the music rhythm, but it can't be seen between the lines of the lyrics.

Stealing voice: although the tune of a word is fixed, the rhyme of syllables can be slightly increased or decreased when singing. This is called stealing voice, which is related to the transfer of Gongdiao.

Subtraction: stealing sound.

Addition: Although the tune of a word is fixed, the rhyme of syllables can be slightly increased or decreased when singing. This is called addition, which is related to the transfer of Gongdiao.

Spread out: add words immediately.

Big beat: Song people took tunes with many sounds and characters as big beats.

Close-up: Turn an old tune into a new tune, which can also be called close-up.

Close: that is, close-up.

Ling: The Tang Dynasty called Xiao Qu Xiao Ling.

Slow: the singing is long and slow.

Quotations: Song people took poems from the Tang and Five Dynasties, spread the sound, and made them a new tune, so they were called quotations.

Crime: The original meaning of tone crime is tone crime.

Daqu: Daqu is played continuously, and there are many songs, ranging from a dozen times to dozens of times.

Pick-up: Pick-up a composition from a Daqu, which is called pick-up.

Pass: pick it all at once.

The first part of Daqu is the overture. Overture is composed of scattered sequence and middle sequence, also known as beat sequence.

Title: Daqu is called the title when it is sung for the first time.

Arranging: After the preface of Daqu (that is, arranging), break.

Middle cavity: The so-called "middle cavity" may be the repetition of the middle sequence.

Lyrics: there is music first, and then according to the tone of this music, with lyrics. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, people have generally called it "Ci".

By song: that is, lyrics.

Eternal voice: that is, lyrics.

Filling cavity: Song people compose music for lyrics, which is called "filling cavity".

Self-tuning: Poets who are familiar with melody can write their own lyrics and new songs. This is called self-tuning.

Homemade music: that is, homemade music.

Self-tuning cavity: that is, self-tuning

Self-tuning: The so-called "overshoot" refers to the change from one tone to another. The so-called "overshoot" is only the change of melody and does not affect the sentence pattern of lyrics.

Leading words: words that combine the upper and lower sentences at the turning point of meaning and play an excessive or connecting role.

Inscription: After the Song Dynasty, the content, artistic conception and theme of ci became complicated. I have time to read words and sentences, but I don't know why I write them. So it is necessary for the author to add a topic.

Word order: "Word order" is actually a word topic. If a long paragraph is used to explain the origin of lyrics and the meaning of words, it is called word order.

Xiao Ling: Ming people use less than 58 words as Xiao Ling.

Alto: In the Ming Dynasty, 59 to 90 words were used as alto.

Long tune: In the Ming Dynasty, 90 words or more were long tunes.

Song ci can be divided into two types in style: bold and graceful. The representatives of the bold school are Su Shi and Xin Qiji, and the representatives of the graceful school are Li Qingzhao and Liu Yong.

Word: fixed tone, fixed sentence and fixed word.