original text

Drinking (1)—— Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

Building a house under human conditions (2)

There is no noise of horses and chariots.

Ask what you can do,

The heart is far from being self-centered.

Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums,

See Nanshan leisurely.

The weather is getting better every day.

Birds live in harmony.

There is a real meaning in this,

I forgot what I wanted to say. ④

To annotate ...

Twenty wine * * * poems are accidental poems after drinking, not written at the moment. ② Human settlement environment: a place where human beings live in compact communities. ③ Sunset: near dusk. (4) after two sentences in Zhuangzi. "Zhuangzi's" On the Homology of Things ":"There are those who argue, those who don't argue, and they don't say anything. "Zhuangzi's Foreign Things": "The speaker thinks too much and forgets to speak with pride. "Poetry is to understand the true meaning from the revelation of nature, which is unspeakable and speechless.

translate

My home is built on a busy road, and people live together, but I never bother to entertain people and make noise.

Ask me how I can be so extraordinary, free and easy, and my mind is naturally quiet and far away from the world.

Picking chrysanthemums under the east wall, I was in a trance, and suddenly I looked up at the scenery of Nanshan.

In the twilight, colorful fog fills the air, and flocks of birds return to the embrace of Xiangyuan Mountain.

Nanzhi, this is the true meaning of life, how can I express its profundity!

Appreciation and evaluation

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The first four sentences: "Building a house is in human territory, and there are no chariots and horses. What can you do? The poet is talking to you casually, how plain and natural it is. But the connotation and taste are quite rich. First of all, it contains the poet's deep love for rural life.

"Building a house is in a humanistic environment", but he can't be disturbed by the noise of cars and horses. Full of the poet's aversion to the humanistic environment and official career and his praise for the quiet countryside; Secondly, the poet's answer to the contradiction of "building a house is based on human feelings, but there is no noise from cars and horses" is "the heart is far from itself" Bread here has two meanings. First, as long as his heart is far away, he will seek a remote place, so as to achieve the realm of no noise from cars and horses; Furthermore, as long as the mind is far away, no matter whether the land is actually far away or not, it will achieve peace of mind, which is very similar to Buddhist thought, especially the realm of Zen.

"Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" is a solid answer to the above sentences "No noise of chariots and horses" and "I am far from my heart". It is not an abstract argument, but the most typical, vivid and aesthetic scene of the poet's pastoral life, which gives people the most perfect, artistic and natural performance. Poetry is deep and mellow, but it is full of vitality. If it is blended and diluted, it will naturally become wonderful and become a swan song! Su Dongpo once had a wonderful comment on this: "The deep meaning is not in poetry, but in poetry. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan', you are picking chrysanthemums yourself, and you are not interested in seeing the mountains. It is suitable at first sight, so I am carefree and forgetful, bored and tired. This can't be found between the lines. Today, we are all looking at Nanshan, and we find an article boring "(Poems of Zhu Zhuang). In the Song Dynasty, various versions of this sentence in Tao's poems were written as "Looking at the South Mountain". Although "seeing" and "seeing" have the same meaning, there are subtle differences between "intentional" and "unintentional". Probably after Su Dongpo had this wonderful analysis, the word "Wang" stopped. These two sentences are carefree except for the verbs "Cai" and "Jian", and other verbs such as "Ju", "Dongli" and "Nanshan" are all good. So that these images later became pastoral, quiet, elegant and extraordinary symbols, and became an important part of China culture. At first glance, they are so casual and slow, but if you look closely, it is endless. This feeling is just like Dongpo's comment: "(Yuan and Ming poetry) begins. "

Take your time, it will be interesting to get familiar with it. However, if you want to taste, you can't reach it unless you are idle and quiet. Although this scene is in sight, it is out of reach. (Zhang Song unveils "Poems in Cold Hall").

The poet picking chrysanthemums under the east fence is like listening to the beautiful voice of nature and enjoying the beautiful picture of nature. There must be clear springs and solemn sounds of nature, and chrysanthemums should emit intoxicating fragrance, so that the poet can feel drunk, and his significance and environment will be wonderful. The poet looked up leisurely and looked at Lushan Mountain in the distance. At this time, the poet discovered that it was evening, and a faint twilight hung over the distant mountain scenery, which was even more graceful and hazy. In this beautiful sunset and mountain scenery, the birds come back together: "The mountain is getting better every day, and the birds are coming back." The word "Jia" is good, which appropriately reveals the poet's feeling and experience of "the mountain sets at dusk", reminiscent of the mountain in the evening; The word "bird" is not only the real scene in front of us, but also adds a little movement to this dull picture. At the same time, it makes people feel that it is both an object and sometimes a poet's subjective self. It's a bird that "the clouds come out unintentionally, and the birds are tired of flying", tired of the noise of horses and chariots and converted to the mountains!

To sum up, "there is truth in it, but I have forgotten what to say when I want to distinguish it." It's wonderful to turn reality into emptiness and contain reality with emptiness! As far as his thought is concerned, it originated from Zhuangzi: "There are debaters, there are non-debaters, and there is no big debate" ("Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything"); "The speaker thinks about it, but forgets his words with pride" (Zhuangzi's Foreign Things). The poet said that he got a lot of inspiration from nature and understood the true meaning of life, but he felt that he could not express it in words. Of course, he doesn't need to express it in words. From "wanting to argue" to "forgetting words" is also a new realm of life for a poet! As far as art is concerned, it covers more and richer contents that can't be expressed in words, and every flavor is left to readers.

related data

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Brief introduction of the author

Tao Yuanming (365-427) is a famous poet with distinctive personality and profound words. He is posthumous title Jingjie, calling himself Mr.56.. He was a native of Xunyang Chai Sang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. China's first pastoral poet. There is also a recluse poet, and Mr. Jing Jie evaluates him. Later generations called him "the Lord of the eternal pastoral, the eternal hermit."

Great-grandfather Tao Kan used to be a Fu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and his father and father were both prefects. Yuanming lost his father at the age of eight, his family was declining and he became increasingly poor. I have been an official several times, and I have been a small official such as offering wine and joining the army. At the age of forty-one, he gave up his official position and went into seclusion. Since then, he has devoted himself to agriculture. He wrote poems on the theme of pastoral life and was the pioneer of the pastoral school. The poetic style is simple and natural, which is highly praised by later generations and has far-reaching influence. Mr. Shu's Collection of Mr. Jing Jie is a good annotation.

Twenty songs of drinking

In 4 16 AD, Emperor Wu of Song mobilized the national army to crusade against the post-Qin Dynasty in five ways from east to west. First conquer Luoyang, and then recover the old capital of the Western Jin Dynasty. In the second year, we conquered Chang 'an. After a hundred years of vicissitudes, Chang 'an was finally recovered by the Jin Army. When the news reached the south of the Yangtze River, the ruling and opposition parties in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were jubilant.

Emperor Wu of Song greatly expanded individual rights through the Northern Expedition. In order to please Emperor Wu of Song, the imperial court appointed Emperor Wu of Song as the prime minister, took charge of state affairs, made him Duke Song, and added nine tin to the ten counties of Shiyi, above the princes. Emperor Wu of song pretended to refuse. Everybody knows at a glance that the imperial court is in the hands of Emperor Wu of Song. If he wants something, the court has to give it to him by imperial decree. He wants to be a court, and today's court has to make way for him quickly, which is a matter of time.

That autumn, Tao Yuanming was always unhappy. He has already seen through, the luck of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has been exhausted, and it is only a matter of time before Emperor Wu usurped the throne. He felt sad and depressed about it all day. As long as the Eastern Jin Dynasty exists, great-grandfather Tao Kan's achievements will be brilliant and shine on his country. Once the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, it was written off. He also believes that everything is developing and changing, and the rise and fall, honor and disgrace are constantly changing alternately. As big as a country, as small as a family. It's no use worrying about these. Drink more wine and have a good sleep.

As long as Tao Yuanming gets the wine, there is no night when he gets drunk without drinking it. He realized that life is as fleeting as lightning, so he should be frank and carefree. Maybe by drinking, I, Tao Yuanming, can go down in history.

Became very poetic after being drunk, just take out a piece of paper and write down your feelings, and wait until you wake up the next day to modify and polish it. The poems written are getting thicker and thicker, so let my old friends help me sort out the transcription. A * * * got 20 poems, and Tao Yuanming named this group of poems "Twenty Drinking Poems" with a preface:

I live alone, longer than the night, occasionally have famous wine, and don't drink it every night. Gu Ying was alone and suddenly drunk again. After getting drunk, I asked a few questions to amuse myself; There is too much paper and ink to explain. I told my old friend to write it and thought it was a joke.

one

Birds without birds fly alone at dusk.

Wandering endlessly, every night my voice becomes sad.

Li went to Qingyuan, where to go;

Because value is lonely, loose and distant.

There is no glory in the strong wind, and this shadow is not long;

I have my house, which has a history of 1000 years.

In this poem, the lost bird is lonely and rambling, which means that he lives in seclusion and keeps his ambition for life.

A lost bird is still wandering and flying alone at dusk. No suitable habitat was found. The night cries sadly and won't leave. Because of loneliness, the wings are gathered. The cold and strong wind withered all the trees, but the pine trees never died. Like this bird, I finally found my home. It has a history of 1000 years.

Secondly,

Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.

What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.

Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan;

The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.

This makes sense. I want to distinguish right from wrong and get carried away.

(Note: Most of the textbooks are the fifth song)

This poem is about how people's hearts are far away from the secular world, so when people are on earth, their hearts can feel the real interest outside the secular world.

Although I built a house to live in the world, I don't have the hustle and bustle of secular traffic. This is because my heart is far away from the secular world, so even if I live in a busy city, I will be as undisturbed as I am in a remote place. Su Shi said: "It is the most wonderful thing to see the mountains because of chrysanthemum picking and the scenery because of chrysanthemum picking." These two sentences mean that I accidentally saw Nanshan, and I felt the real meaning and fun from the scenic spots and carefree mood of Nanshan and my seclusion. At sunset, the mountain scenery is particularly good, accompanied by birds. Everything goes with the flow, and there is a deep mystery in it. If you want to tell, you can't tell if you forget what you said.

third

There are thousands of stops, who knows right or wrong;

Contrast between right and wrong, and ruin the reputation.

For more than three seasons, Da Shi seems to be out of place.

Vulgarity is a fool, you should learn from Bo Huang.

The three seasons refer to the Xia, Shang and Wednesday dynasties. The meaning of this poem is that for three generations, people have not clearly distinguished right from wrong, but just followed the trend of the times. The author should go against the world, follow Huanggong Xia, Qiliji and other four hermits who were good in Qin Dynasty and live in seclusion.

There are thousands of people in the world. Who knows what to call them right or wrong? Some people simply look at right and wrong from the surface of things, and then praise or slander others. Since the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there have been many such things, but enlightened people have their own opinions and don't follow suit. Fools in the secular world, they are aggressive, but not the same, so they decided to retire.

Fourth.

Autumn chrysanthemum is more beautiful because of its good color.

Chrysanthemum wine is in the heart, the heart is more beautiful, and the feeling of avoiding customs is deeper.

The wine in the glass waved, and then held the glass.

As the sun sets, birds call to Lin Huan.

Intoxicated in the east window, let this life be this life.

The author of this poem drinks poison to quench thirst and stays away from the world. And heaven remains our neighbourhood, you can feel at ease.

Autumn is the best season for chrysanthemums. With dew, pick chrysanthemums and soak them in wine. Chrysanthemums and wine have excellent fragrance. Qu Yuan's Lisao says: "When you eat Mulan in the morning, it will show up, and when you eat autumn chrysanthemum in the evening, it will become English." Because chrysanthemum is a product of Ao Shuang, eating chrysanthemum can cultivate people's self-purification ability. Drinking this wine that forgets your troubles will make your feelings more extraordinary. Although I was drinking chrysanthemums alone, I was in high spirits and didn't drink enough. When the sun went down, all the movements stopped and the birds returned to the forest. I screamed under the east window. And comfortable.

Fifth.

The east garden is loose, and the grass has no posture;

First frost is different, you can see the tall branches.

Even foresters don't realize that being alone is strange.

Hold a pot and hang a cold ke. From a distance, it will be restored.

In my dream room, what happened to the dust!

Some trees, taller than pine trees, hide the majestic posture of pine trees. But when winter came, all the trees withered, and only pine trees flourished. Authors should learn from the style, loyalty and noble character of pine trees.

Loose in the east garden, the miscellaneous trees have no posture. It was not until the first frost and the tree withered that the pine tree stood upright. When many pine trees are connected into a forest, this quality is not valued. Lonely and tall, amazing talent. When you drink alone, you can see it from a distance. I feel that my life is like a dream. How can life be fettered by worldly fetters!

Sixth.

Smell the door in the morning and turn it upside down.

Ask the son for whom? Father Tian has a kind heart.

I am far-sighted and doubt that I will keep pace with the times.

"? It is not enough for the grass under the eaves to live high.

I will spend my life in Shang Tong. May you giggle at your mud. ".

"I was very impressed by the words of my elders, and I was very angry.

You can learn honestly, but you are not fascinated!

And * * * Huan this drink, I dare not drive back! "

This poem, under the guise of Fu Tian's question and answer with himself, expresses his firm attitude of lifelong seclusion and answers those who kindly advised him to take up his post.

I heard a knock at the door in the morning and ran to open the door before I got dressed. It turned out to be a kind old farmer who came to meet me from afar with wine to comfort me, suspecting that what I did was out of date and against the world. Father Tian said, "A shabby hut is not a lonely place. The whole society advocates going with the flow, and I hope you can go with the flow. " Qu Yuan said in "Songs of the Songs of the South and Songs of the Fisherman":' The world is muddy, why not ooze mud and not dye it?' "

The poet replied to Tian's father, "My father's advice left a deep impression on me, but my nature rarely gets along with others." It is true that you can learn to return to your official career, but it is not stupid to go against your nature! Let's have a drink together for the time being. My driver can't come back. The determination to retire has been made, and it's no use talking about it. "

Seventh.

Guests often stop at the same time and choose different places.

A gentleman is often drunk alone, but a husband wakes up all year round.

Laugh when you are drunk, but don't talk coquettishly.

Rules and regulations are stupid, but arrogance and poverty.

Send a message to a guest, and there will be no candles for a day.

This poem compares the drunk with the awakened one, thinking that the awakened one is stupid and pitiful because of secular views; A drunk person can detect hypocrisy, but he shows sobriety. It shows that the world is cold and unbearable, so we have to get drunk with strong liquor to show our indignation.

There are two guests who live in the same place, but their attitudes towards the choice are completely different. A guest is often drunk alone, and a guest wakes up all year round. The two men laughed at each other and neither of them listened to what the other said. What a foolish act it is to be cautious after waking up, but it is wiser to be humble and wild by a drunk. Qiu Jiasui's Notes on the Pottery Poems in Dongshan Caotang said: "Waking up is not really waking up, but it is idiocy. Drunk is not really drunk but actually smart. " Tell drunken people to drink by candlelight after sunset.

Eighth.

Young people are scarce and swim well in the Six Classics.

If you are not confused, you will accomplish nothing if you stay for a long time.

In fact, I am clinging to poverty, hungry and full.

Bad company in Hengtai, weeds have no vestibule.

Keep the night brown, and the chickens will not crow in the morning.

Meng Gong is not here, so he finally saved my feelings.

The author laments that his youth is good at six classics and has the ambition to help the world, but the world is difficult and dangerous, and he has achieved nothing for a long time. It is peace and poverty, seclusion and hard work, hunger and cold, and loneliness without bosom friends.

When I was a teenager, I rarely interacted with the outside world. My favorite is the Six Classics of Confucianism. I am old now, but my studies have stagnated and my career has achieved nothing. I live in seclusion in the countryside with the moral integrity of "a gentleman is poor", and I am hungry and cold. Hengtai broke into the house, and the former president was overgrown with weeds. Hungry and cold, I couldn't sleep, put on my clothes and sat until dawn. It happened that the morning chicken refused to dawn, and the night was longer. Now there is no confidant who can understand himself, so what I have done will eventually be covered up and I can't confess.

Meng Gong in this poem was written by Gong Liu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to Gao Tu Zhuan, Zhongwei Zhang lived in seclusion in the Eastern Han Dynasty and refused to be an official. "Often poor, no one in Artemisia, closed-door health, died of fame. When people are ignorant, only Gong Liu knows. "

Qijiu

Orchids grow in the front hall, breathing and waiting for the breeze.

The breeze is blowing against the wind, and the weeds are fragrant.

Go on, lose my old way, conform to nature or Per.

Now that you are awake to go, be careful that the bird abandons the bow.

The author treats orchids as a breeze to show fragrance and metaphor for waiting for talents. However, the official career is sinister and the birds are hidden, so they have to live in seclusion.

The orchids growing in the vestibule are full of fragrance, waiting for the breeze. Because the breeze can blow its fragrance far away to bid farewell to mugwort leaves. I seem to be lost now, and I can't recognize the old road. I want to live in seclusion in the countryside, let nature take its course and the road will be smooth. I realized that it is right to go back to the field and live in seclusion, because the birds are gone and the good bow should be put away.

tenth

Ziyun is addicted to alcohol and comes from a poor family.

Time depends on good people, and mash is used to solve doubts.

If you do it, someone will consult you.

Sometimes you refuse to speak, you are not cutting the country.

The benevolent uses his heart, so he loses his silence.

The author of this poem used the last years of the Western Han Dynasty to express his ambition. Yang Xiongzi Ziyun. When Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, those who were eloquent praised Wang Mang as the emperor, which was an act of god, so they were all rewarded. Yang Xiong refused to follow suit, so there was no seal.

Yang Xiong was born with good wine. His family is poor, so he can't always get it. He can only rely on those who like to pursue ancient things and ask him for advice and explanation with wine and vegetables in order to have wine to drink. He can drink all the wine and answer all the difficult questions. Of course, when you ask him about his plans to attack other countries, he won't say. Because benevolent people think seriously about problems, they say what they say, and they don't say what they don't say.

Eleventh session

My old friend rewarded me with interest, and the pot was harmonious.

Ban Jing sat in Panasonic and got drunk after counting.

My father and his elders talked nonsense, and when he thought about it, he lost his line.

I didn't know I was there, so I knew things were precious.

You are fascinated, and the wine smells deep!

Tao Yuanming leads a quiet pastoral life. On this day, he invited his friends to Panasonic for a drink. My old friend rewarded me with interest, and the pot was harmonious. There is no table or stool to drink, so I have to lie on the ground and sit around the host and guest. There is no joy of silk and bamboo, only listening to the wind blowing pine leaves and listening to the rambling words of the elders. In this case, wine is not intoxicating, but everyone is drunk.

In the hazy drunkenness, self-consciousness disappears, and the poet enters the realm of selflessness, which makes people see the image of a drunken poet.

The poet finally said: Some people are obsessed with vanity and fame, but I know that "wine has a deep taste". Since Wei and Jin Dynasties, celebrities have been advocating nature and addicted to alcohol. What they pursue is the realm of harmony with nature. Only by drinking can they reach this level. This is the deep taste of wine.

twelfth

Good luck is rewarded, and Uncle Yi is in Xishan.

If good and evil should not be, why make empty statements?

Ninety rope, hungry and cold.

It's good to be poor, who will pass it on forever.

As soon as the poet put pen to paper, he hit the nail on the head and revealed a contradiction: people say that good is rewarded with good, and evil with evil. In fact, Boyi and Shu Qi, the two best people, starved to death in Xishan (shouyangshan). Boyi and Shu Qi were two sons of Shang Dynasty. After their father died, they ceded the throne to each other. After Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he ate shamefully, hid in shouyangshan, ate from the European Union, and finally starved to death. The poet then sternly pointed out that since good is rewarded with good and evil with evil, why did the ancient sages say such empty words?

The poet also quoted the deeds of Yung Yung's period, proving that preaching such as one good deed deserves another is empty talk. Rong Qiqi is a man who lives and works in peace and contentment, and a good man in feudal society. Confucius said the glorious period: "If you are kind, you can forgive yourself." However, at the age of 90, this good man still lived a life of hunger and cold with deerskin as his clothes and rope as he did when he was young.

However, Boyi, Shu Qi and Rong Qi did not get good results before their death, but their fame spread to later generations after their death. Their reputation can be passed down from generation to generation by sticking to the moral integrity of poverty. Tao Yuanming himself is such a poor man who sticks to poverty.

Thirteen

The feast was called benevolence, and Rong Gong said something.

If you are empty for several years, you will starve to death.

Although I left my name, my life withered.

You never know when you will die, but you'd better be content.

A guest raised the body of a daughter, and his treasure disappeared from his face.

What's wrong with naked burial? People should understand what they mean.

Yan Hui, a disciple of Confucius, is a benevolent man. However, he was 29 years old, with all white hair and died young. Rong Qiqi is also a famous good man, but at the age of 90, he still lives a hungry and cold life. Although they left a good reputation, they knew nothing after their death.

In this world, some people cherish themselves and regard their bodies as precious as gold, but when they die, no matter how precious their bodies are, they must be destroyed. When Yang Wangsun died in the Western Han Dynasty, he told his son to be buried naked. He wanted to kiss the soil with his own body. People should understand their true meaning.

The first eight sentences of this poem say that fame is not expensive enough, and the last four sentences say that the body is not precious enough, which are all cynical words.

When Tao Yuanming wrote Twenty Drinking Poems, he drank a lot and often gave up drinking at home. When he wrote nineteen poems, the jar at home was empty for several days. Just then, I suddenly heard someone knocking at the door one morning. Tao Yuanming put on his clothes and opened the door. It turned out to be neighbor Li Laohan, standing outside the door with a jar in his arms. Li Laohan said: "The wine just brewed in our home in the early morning, I want you to taste it, so I will bring it to you quickly!" "

When Tao Yuanming saw the wine coming, he danced with joy and said:

"I haven't eaten for several days and I don't feel hungry, but I haven't drunk these days and I'm dying of thirst!"

"I don't know you yet!" Li Laohan said, "Even if you die of thirst, you should be an alcoholic."

The two men laughed loudly.

Entering the room, Tao Yuanming eagerly poured out a bowl of wine, and the pale yellow wine gave off a charming bouquet, which made people salivate. Because it is just brewed wine, it has not been filtered, and some distiller's grains float on the wine surface, like some termites. Tao Yuanming went to look for the wine towel, but he couldn't find it for a long time. When I scratched my head, I remembered the towel wrapped around my head, covered it in an empty bowl, and poured a bowl of turbid wine on the towel. He dusted the distiller's grains off the towel and wound it around his head. The towel on the head is also a charming bouquet, which penetrates into Tao Yuanming's heart through his nose.

"This is a good idea," Tao Yuanming said proudly. "It filters wine and can be worn on your head to smell the fragrance."

Tao Yuanming raised the bowl of filtered wine and gulped it down. Suddenly, he felt his eyes lit up, his mouth was full of wind, every pore was breathable, and every cell was happy.

Tao Yuanming drank enough wine sent by Li Laohan and wrote the last of twenty drinking poems.

fourteenth

Xi Nong has been gone for a long time, and this world is rarely true.

Draw an old man in the middle of Lu, sew him up and make him pure.

Although the phoenix bird has not arrived, the ceremony and music are temporarily new.

Our eyes are spinning and floating, holding the crazy Qin.

What's wrong with poetry and calligraphy? Once the dust settles.

Just old people, sincere and diligent about things.

How can it be beautiful? Six people have no relatives?

Driving all day and not seeing what you want?

Don't drink quickly, for fear of wearing a towel on your head.

But hate is even more fallacious, so forgive my intoxicating.

Tao Yuanming is the first person to write a large number of wine poems on the theme of drinking. His poems are full of wine, and he sends wine as a trace.

Fuxi and Shennong are the two oldest emperors in the legendary "Huang San". They have left us for a long time, so innocent people are rare in the world. Confucius, who worked hard all his life, wanted to make up for the fragmented society of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and return the folk customs to that simple era.

Although Confucius' efforts to run around did not achieve the goal of ruling the world, although the phoenix bird he expected did not fly, after his textual research, the poems, books, rituals and music since the Yin and Zhou Dynasties finally recovered from the incompleteness. However, since Confucius' career of setting up an altar to give lectures between our water and Surabaya stopped, he has never heard any news again. The world went from bad to worse, so that the crazy Qin Shihuang appeared, burning books to bury Confucianism and burning poetry books to ashes.

Fortunately, in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, several old Confucian scholars, such as Fu Sheng, were diligent in teaching the Six Classics. But why didn't anyone like and get close to the Six Classics after the death of the world? Now some people, like Confucius, run around in the car all day, but no one comes to treat them.

Finally, I suddenly turned to drinking. What can I say and do in such a desperate world? I have to drink in a good way to live up to the kudzu towel I wear on my head to filter the wine. Tao Yuanming wrote twenty drinking poems, and this is the last one. This group of poems is outspoken after drinking, talking about their feelings and views on history, reality and life. Because it is straightforward after drinking, it is inevitable that there will be errors. "But hatred is more ridiculous, so please forgive me."

Drinking Tao Yuanming

Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi all admire Tao Yuanming's personality. In particular, Li Bai's thought of "being able to urge eyebrows to bend over and serve dignitaries" is in the same strain as Tao Yuanming's spirit of "five buckets of rice don't bend over". Ouyang Xiu also said, "I love Tao Yuanming, I love wine, and I love leisure." Su Dongpo regarded Tao Yuanming as a mentor and friend all his life. He not only loves his poems, but also admires him as a person. In his later years, he said in the book with Su Zheshu: "I am deeply ashamed of my foresight and want to teach in the evening." Xin Qiji, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, took Tao Yuanming as his confidant in the depression of serving the country with no door and hard ambition. The word "Shui Long Yin" says: "You have to believe that this Weng is not dead, and now he is angry."

Reference significance

1. Be ambitious and indifferent to fame and fortune. .

2. Love nature and live in harmony with nature.

3. Optimistic attitude towards life, good at choosing a lifestyle that suits you.

Image appreciation

1. Appreciate the artistic conception described by the poet in his poems.

2. Grasp the characteristics and implications of images in poetry.

3. Grasp key sentences and analyze philosophy. Knowing people and discussing the world: understanding the poet's life background and main ideological tendency.