Basic information Chinese name: whitebait yínyú (Outline) English name: whitebait Latin name: Hemisalanx prognathus alias: also known as ice fish or glassfish alias: Wang fish (Guo Pu's Er Ya Zhu), Meretrix meretrix (Er Ya Yi) and whitebait (Daily Materia Medica). Source: All whitefishes in the whitebait family of Cucurbitaceae suborder of Salmoniformes. Any of various translucent fishes of the whitebait family. It exists in salt water and fresh water in East Asia and is regarded as delicious in China. Slender, salmon-shaped, scaleless or with fine scales, rarely longer than 15 cm (6 inches). The mouth is big, and the teeth are big and sharp. Before fish. According to the morphological characteristics of this section, the whitebait is slender, nearly cylindrical, with a slightly flat dorsal segment and a body length of about 12 cm. Photo album of the extremely flat-headed whitebait (13 photos). Big eyes; The mouth is also big, and the kiss is long and sharp and triangular. The upper and lower jaws are equal in length; There are a row of fine teeth on the maxilla, maxilla, mandible and mouth cover, and there are 1 pair of canine teeth in the front of mandible. There is no combined anterior bone at the front end of mandible, but there is a fleshy protrusion. Dorsal fin ⅱ 1 1 ~ 13, slightly behind the body. The pectoral fins are 8 ~ 9, and the muscle base is not significant. Gluteal fin Ⅲ 23 ~ 28, opposite to dorsal fin; There is a row of large scales on both sides of the base of the male fish's gluteal fin, which is generally 18 ~ 2 1. There is a transparent lipid fin in the center of dorsal fin and caudal fin. The body is soft and scaleless, transparent, and milky white after death. There is a row of black spots on both sides of the body, and there are two rows of parallel black spots on the ventral surface, which extend from the chest through the abdomen to the front of the gluteal fin, and are separated left and right along the base of the gluteal fin, and the rear end is combined into one to reach the caudal base. In addition, the caudal fin and the first fin of pectoral fin are also dotted with small black spots. The source of this passage is the whole whitebait of the whitebait family of Cucurbitaceae. Living environment and distribution of whitebait China is the origin and main distribution area of whitebait in the world. There are 15 species of 17 species of whitebait in the eastern coast of China (including the Yangtze River basin) and the estuaries of major river systems, among which 6 species are endemic. Whitebait is an important economic fish with high nutritional and economic value. Whitebait has a short life cycle, scattered generations and strong fecundity and settlement ability. As a typical R-strategy, whitebait is sensitive to environmental changes, fast in response and fast in population change. In the long process of evolution, it has formed a variety of biological and ecological characteristics such as interspecific feeding, growth and reproduction. However, due to many factors, such as reclaiming land from lakes, overfishing, environmental pollution and habitat fragmentation, the natural resources of whitebait in China have been declining. The natural resources of all kinds of whitebait have declined to varying degrees, the distribution range of species has been significantly reduced, and individual species are becoming increasingly endangered. On the basis of summarizing the biology, ecology and biodiversity of whitebait in China, the problems faced by whitebait research in China and its species diversity and germplasm resources protection were analyzed. It calls for examining the ecological effects of transplantation and proliferation of whitebait, strengthening the basic ecological research and biodiversity protection of whitebait, and puts forward the countermeasures for the protection and sustainable utilization of whitebait resources in China. Freshwater fish that can live offshore have the habit of marine whitebait migrating to rivers. It is distributed in the coastal areas from Shandong to Zhejiang, especially Poyang Lake, Chaohu Lake, Taihu Lake, Mahu Lake in Leibo County, Sichuan Province, and even Chongming in the Yangtze River estuary. Taihu Lake, West Lake and Mahu Lake in China are three lakes rich in whitebait. A few species are distributed in Korea, Japan and Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East. This year, the northern fishery department paid more attention to whitebait and took measures to introduce whitebait from Taihu Lake. For example, there are all major reservoirs in northern Hebei, among which Yuecheng Reservoir in Cixian County of Handan has high-quality whitebait. Whitebait: It was called residual fish in ancient times, also known as Xiaobai. Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote the poem Little White, saying, "A small group of people in white are divided into two-inch fish. Slightly exposed to aquatic animals, the custom should be pastoral vegetables. People are chaotic and the snow is empty. What is the best way to make a good egg? " This poem is very general and vivid. This kind of fish is small and transparent, white and crystal clear, tender and round and transparent. Mainly high quality, about 6 cm long, out in September of the lunar calendar. It is different from other whitebait varieties "Noodles" and "Rust Needles". Whitebait is tender and delicious. "Embroidery needle" is not fat enough, dry and tasteless; Noodles are old and hard, and they are uncomfortable to eat. Whitebait is a kind of fish rich in calcium, which is listed as longevity food by nutritionists. Its effects of "nourishing lung and clearing gold, nourishing yin and tonifying deficiency" have become a treasure in the water. Edit this paragraph to introduce the species of whitebait in Dongting Lake, which were called whitebait, anchovy and whitebait noodle fish in ancient times. Adult whitebait is 6 ~ 9 cm long, cylindrical, slightly sideways, flat head, short snout, big eyes, scaleless body and white as silver, hence the name. Whitebait is soft, boneless, and translucent. It roams in the water like a silver shuttle weaving brocade, as fast as a silver arrow leaving the string, so the ancients compared it to a Hosta and a silver shuttle. If the whitebait is caught and fished out of the water, it will turn white immediately, like jade and snow, which is amazing. According to historical records, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, whitebait was regarded as a sacred fish and a sacred fish. According to legend, Qu Yuan, the doctor of the Three Tong, was exiled by King Chu Maoxiang, and Shi Huai sank in the Miluo River. When people heard about it, they rushed to throw zongzi into the water to save them. The glutinous rice grains in zongzi turned into clever white fish, and Qian Qian leaned in and picked up Qu Yuan. After entering Dongting Lake, the lake suddenly turned white, attracting many people to see the light and worship. After people found and picked up Qu Yuan's body, they buried You Ling and built a temple for sacrifice. However, the little white fish didn't want to go and lived in Dongting Lake. "Fisherman" said: "An Neng is white, but it is also vulgar." Fang Quyuan is innocent and noble. He also said that whitebait is white and loyal. Since then, people regard the whitebait in Dongting Lake as a sacred fish, which is more protected. Over time, there are more and more whitebait in Dongting Lake. Later, it was found that the whitebait in Dongting Lake was not only white and loyal, but also fat and tender, so some people made it into various dishes and became a rare delicacy in the world. There were records of eating whitebait in Dongting Lake in the Tang and Song Dynasties, such as a poem in the Tang Dynasty: "White fish enters the lake." Another example is the Song Dynasty poet Zhang said, "After beginning of spring, whitebait frosted perch", and compared whitebait with perch, which shows that whitebait has been listed as a treasure among fish. Song Health Records published by Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty recorded that "whitebait should be fried with noodles", which means that dragging whitebait and frying it is one of the best cooking methods. Li Shizhen gave a detailed description of whitebait in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Whitebait people are very heavy and small, showing goods everywhere, clear and beautiful;" After Qingming, the child lost weight, but it can be used as deafness. " The time and processing methods of local people catching whitebait were summarized. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, whitebait was listed as a royal tribute, which shows its extraordinary value. "The loquat in Dongting is yellow and the whitebait is fat and fragrant." The loquat ripens in May, which is the season when whitebait is on the market. At this time, merchants gathered in Dongting Lake, all because of whitebait, which has become another landscape of Dongting Water Town for many years. In the long-term reproduction, whitebait in Dongting Lake is divided into several varieties, among which whitebait with short tail and whitebait with short teeth are the top grades. These two kinds of whitebait are about 8 cm long, with white body and no scales. If they have no bones and intestines, they are translucent, fat and delicious. According to modern nutritional analysis, whitebait is rich in nutrition and has the characteristics of high protein and low fat. It is considered that whitebait is a "whole food" without removing fins and bones, which is rich in nutrition, which is conducive to improving human immune function and prolonging life. According to Chinese medicine, whitebait has sweet leaves, flat nature, tonifying deficiency, invigorating stomach, benefiting lung and benefiting water. Can be used for treating diseases such as spleen and stomach weakness, lung deficiency and cough. Dongting Lake silver sells well overseas, especially in Japan, calling whitebait ginseng in fish a rare treasure. Whitebait is delicious on the table. Watch it, the color is pleasing to the eye; Smell it, it's delicious and tempting, with a mouthful of saliva; Eat it; It's delicious. It smells good on your teeth and cheeks. There are many ways to eat whitebait, such as frying, stewing, stewing, etc. The most distinctive is frying and making soup. Dry fried whitebait is golden in color, loose, crisp, fat and fragrant. Sauté ed whitebait, dipped in egg liquid, soaked in bread crumbs, and fried in a 40% to 50% hot oil pan. The outer layer is crisp, the inner layer is fragrant, soft and tender, and the flavor is unique. Stir-fried whitebait, fat and tender, with other ingredients, has a variety of flavors. Such as "whitebait scrambled eggs", the dishes are yellow and white, fresh and delicious, and its taste is tender as shrimp. Steamed whitebait, fragrant and fresh, fat but not greasy. If steamed with shrimp paste, it looks like bird's nest, which is a first-class high-end dish. The "silver fish soup" made from different ingredients is delicious. If it can be mixed with shredded chicken, shredded pork, straw mushroom and eggs, it can be made into soup such as shredded chicken and silver fish soup, shredded pork and straw mushroom and silver fish soup. The whitebait in Dongting Lake can also be made into dried whitebait, which is slender and graceful, looks like Hosta, has the same taste, is not easy to deteriorate and is resistant to collection. Since ancient times, it has been a good gift for relatives and friends. When eating dried whitebait, soak it in warm water to make it swell. After washing, it can be boiled, fried, fried, steamed or made into soup. They all taste great, crisp or crisp, soft or tender. In Hunan cuisine, Dongting Lake whitebait series dishes are elegant and fashionable in ancient times, thus leading the way. The Yangtze River whitebait (Hemisalanx brachyrostralis), also known as short-snout whitebait, belongs to the order Salmoniformes, whitebait family and whitebait genus. Commonly known as: noodle fish, noodle fish and silver carp (Compendium of Materia Medica). English name: Shortnose noodlefish. The body is slender, slightly cylindrical, and the back section is relatively flat. The head is flat and triangular; Big mouth, long and sharp kiss. There are a row of fine teeth on the maxilla, maxilla and mouth cover, a pair of canine teeth on the front of mandible, and a fleshy protrusion on the front of mandible. The dorsal fin is located in the back three quarters of the body. There is a small transparent fat fin in the center of dorsal fin and caudal fin base, and the pectoral fin has no muscle base. The body has no scales, and the male fish has a row of large scales on both sides of the base of the anal fin. When you are alive, your body is soft and transparent, and you can clearly see the shape of your brain from the back of your head. The soaked specimen is milky white. There is a row of black spots on both sides of the body, and there are two rows of parallel black spots from the chest through the abdomen to the ventral surface of the front of the gluteal fin, which are separated left and right along the base of the gluteal fin, and the rear end is combined into one to reach the caudal base. Small black spots are also scattered on the first fin of the caudal fin and pectoral fin. Usually live in the main stream and tributaries of the Yangtze River. Feeding on zooplankton. Sexual maturity after half a year. 1 Winter fish enter the lake from April to May and flourish in the lake. After breeding, the parent fish obviously lost weight and died soon. Distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its affiliated lakes. I'm not big. The largest individual is about 140mm long and weighs about 5g. This is an annual fish. In the breeding season, fishing is common and the quantity is extremely considerable. Whitebait is delicious, nutritious and has a special flavor, especially before spawning. In addition to fresh food, most of them are dried for export, and the trade name is "dried swallow". The protein content of dried whitebait is 72. 1%, and the fat content is 13%, which is higher than other edible fish. Every100g whitebait also contains 4820mg of lysine, 2308mg of methionine, 41.76mg of isoleucine, 4396mg of valine and 6652mg of threonine. Such rich amino acids are rare in other fish. Each hundred grams of whitebait can supply 407 kilocalories, which is almost 5-6 times that of ordinary edible fish; Its calcium content is as high as 76 1 mg, which is the highest among fish. The University of California, Calander, has followed up 1954 men for 19 years, which proves that the incidence of colon cancer is extremely low for people who eat a diet rich in calcium every day. New york MSK Cancer Center gave 10 patients with advanced colon cancer oral calcium, daily1g. After two months, the division and spread of cancer cells were greatly reduced. Chinese medicine prescription: take150g whitebait and onion to make soup and eat fish; Or 50 grams of whitebait, 25 grams of hawthorn, and 50 grams of rice sprouts are decocted in thick soup, which is often used for adjuvant treatment of colon cancer patients. "Edible Materia Medica" records that whitebait benefits water, moistens the lungs and relieves cough; Lin Yi Yaoyao says that it can tonify lung, clear away gold, nourish yin and tonify labor. According to the Japanese "therapy", eating whitebait often can prolong life. There is a woman in Japan. 102 years old, an important factor of his longevity is that the old man liked to eat whitebait before his death, which is essential for almost every meal. Taihu whitebait Taihu whitebait Taihu whitebait has four species, namely Taihu whitebait, toothless whitebait, big whitebait and Schleswig-Holstein whitebait. The output of whitebait and whitebait in Taihu Lake is high. Whitebait in Taihu Lake lays eggs on reeds and aquatic plants near Taihu Lake in spring, and the spawning period is mainly from mid-May to mid-June every year, which is also the flood season for fishing whitebait. Suzhou Dongshan has the saying that loquat is yellow in May and whitebait in Taihu Lake is fat. Whitebait is rich in nutrition, tender and tender, without scales, spines, bones, intestines and fishy smell, and contains a variety of nutrients. Most of the chilled whitebait is exported overseas and is called "fish ginseng". The color, fragrance and taste of dried whitebait are consistent, and the shape remains unchanged for a long time. Whitebait can be cooked into various famous dishes and delicacies, such as whitebait scrambled eggs, dry fried whitebait, whitebait boiled soup, whitebait meatballs, whitebait spring rolls, whitebait wonton and so on. , are unique lake delicacies. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Taihu Lake was rich in whitebait. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, whitebait was listed as a tribute, and it was also called the three treasures of Taihu Lake with plums and white shrimp. Whitebait is shaped like Hosta, with ivory color, scaleless cartilage, tender meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition, and contains many ingredients such as protein, fat, iron, riboflavin, calcium and phosphorus. Japanese people call it "fish ginseng". Whitebait can be fried, fried, steamed and made into soup. Scrambled eggs with whitebait, whitebait soup, whitebait balls and hibiscus whitebait are all famous dishes in Soviet cuisine. Whitebait in Taihu Lake has a long history. According to Records of Taihu Lake, during the Spring and Autumn Period of Wuyue, whitebait was produced in Taihu Lake. There is a famous saying in Song Dynasty that "whitebait frost bass after spring", whitebait and bass are listed as treasures in fish. Habitual eating methods include: scrambled eggs with whitebait, fried leeks with whitebait, baked bean curd with whitebait, wrapped jiaozi with whitebait, and boiled soup. If you add eggs, shrimp skin, yuanxiao noodles, etc. It should be made into whitebait sauce and then fried into iced whitebait, which has good color, smell and taste. Dry salt is mainly used for cooking soup and brine. Its taste is fragrant and palatable, wide and invigorating the stomach. Whitebait can be eaten fresh, dried and made into dried swallows. It can also be canned and used as seasoning for many dishes. Besides domestic sales, the annual export volume of whitebait in Chaohu Lake is hundreds of tons, which are sold to Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Japan, Southeast Asia, Western Europe, North America and other regions and countries. Edit this nutritional analysis. Whitebait is a high-protein and low-fat food, which is also suitable for patients with hyperlipidemia. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it is sweet in taste, flat in nature, good in nourishing the spleen and stomach, beneficial to the lungs and diuresis, and can treat spleen and stomach weakness, lung deficiency, cough and fatigue. This product is suitable for people to eat whitebait, especially for people with physical weakness, malnutrition, indigestion, hyperlipidemia, spleen and stomach weakness, lung deficiency, cough, fatigue and other symptoms. The therapeutic effect of this paragraph is sweet, and the spleen and stomach meridians have the effects of moistening the lungs and relieving cough, nourishing the spleen and stomach, benefiting the lungs and diuresis; Can be used for treating spleen and stomach weakness, lung deficiency and cough fatigue. Don't eat too much at every meal, but in moderation. Edit this paragraph to guide whitebait to make soft stir-fry and soup.