First, adjust your mood.
? Emotional recovery can not be ignored. According to statistics, 40%~70% of stroke patients will have problems such as anxiety and depression. If you are completely taken care of by your family and never do what you can, patients will feel useless and have a negative attitude, and people will become lazy, quiet and depressed. Family members should always encourage patients, give them tolerance and love, and solve their psychological problems.
Second, prevent falling.
? For stroke rehabilitation patients, it is very important to prevent falls. The rehabilitation department often evaluates the risk of patients falling. Once it is determined to be a high risk, doctors will remind patients to enhance their awareness of prevention, and family members should protect them at any time. Ask a nurse for help when changing places, put the pager within reach, lock the wheels before getting into the wheelchair, use a walker and wear non-slip shoes when getting out of bed.
? Need to be reminded that fall prevention training must be carried out in the rehabilitation department of a regular hospital. We can often see that many stroke patients with hemiplegia walk with their upper limbs hooked on their chests and their ipsilateral lower limbs "circling" on the ground, which are caused by no formal rehabilitation treatment.
Third, learn a language.
? Many stroke patients have two language disorders. One is aphasia, which is manifested in one or more aspects of language perception, understanding and acceptance, formation and expression; The second is dysarthria, slurred speech, crooked mouth and drooling. The patient's ability to understand other people's words, read newspapers, watch TV and write is intact.
? Language training for stroke patients is like teaching primary school students. Family members can encourage them to read newspapers and read words. Usually communicate with patients more, not afraid of wordiness, afraid of not talking. Generally speaking, the family members of aphasia patients can buy some literacy cards, stimulate the patient with objects or pictures in the early stage, let him point out what the family members said, and it is also appropriate for the patient to have more contact with daily necessities, and then let him repeat words and train his verbal expression ability. Later, the difficulty of training can be increased, and some verbal instructions can be given to the patient, such as raising the right hand, turning the paper over and putting the pen on the other side of the paper. The training of patients with dysarthria focuses on the movement of mouth, face and tongue, including mouth opening and closing, tongue moving up and down, tongue rolling, tongue turning clockwise and counterclockwise, cheek blowing and so on. So as to restore the muscle movement ability of the vocal organs as much as possible.
Fourth, protect cognition.
? Clinically, about 30%~40% of stroke patients have cognitive impairment. Doctors will first evaluate the cognitive abilities of patients such as orientation, attention, calculation, long-term and short-term memory, and then deal with them in a targeted manner.
? Generally speaking, patients with cognitive impairment need to be patient in the process of rehabilitation and recover their computing ability from the simplest arithmetic problems; Improve cognitive ability from the most basic picture literacy, such as taking out pictures of tigers for patients to know and remember. Orientation exercises and the determination of visual memory can be used for map work, arrangement of colored building blocks, classification of objects, arrangement of numbers, problem solving, etc. It is best to formulate a set of individualized methods to improve and train the ability of daily living according to the patient's situation. Generally speaking, cognitive rehabilitation lasts at least 2 hours a day, at least 6 days a week for 6 months. If the patient feels tired, don't insist too much and reduce the intensity appropriately.
Five, strong blood vessels
Stroke will cause a series of blows to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and patients are prone to various cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Such as ischemic changes of the heart, arrhythmia and even myocardial infarction. Cardiopulmonary exercise is an important part of stroke rehabilitation.
Therefore, the sooner vascular rehabilitation is carried out, the better. Modern rehabilitation concept holds that the moment of stroke should be the time for rehabilitation intervention. When the patient can't get out of bed, with the help of the nurse, he can use the semi-lying position, from 30 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees, and slowly transfer to the electric standing bed until he can stand up. Disabled patients after stroke have a high probability of developing deep venous thrombosis due to long-term bed rest or sitting still, which not only greatly increases the risk of recurrence of stroke, but also may cause cardiopulmonary failure.
Patients should get out of bed as soon as possible and be able to stand, instead of lying in bed all the time. If the limbs can't move independently, you can move your joints with the help of a rehabilitation therapist, slowly learn to walk again, and how to lift your legs and stay. After walking steadily and correctly, patients should take the initiative to walk a certain distance every day (such as 50 steps/day) to prevent deep vein thrombosis. However, patients are not advised to do large-scale exercise, such as running, and anaerobic exercise is not encouraged.
? In addition, in the rehabilitation treatment after stroke, we should also pay attention to solving the dysfunction such as swallowing and defecation. Doctors should help patients recover these basic functions as soon as possible. Family members can also help patients adjust their breathing and try to use abdominal breathing; Swallowing training and adjusting swallowing methods, such as lowering the head, can protect the tracheal passage and prevent food or liquid from flowing into the throat too quickly.