First, the way of providing for the aged.
At present, there are three main ways to provide for the aged in China: family pension, institutional pension and community pension.
(1) Family pension
Home-based care for the aged is the most traditional mode of providing for the aged in China, and it is also a common choice. Although the number of nursing homes is increasing and the software and hardware facilities are constantly improving, home-based care for the elderly is still the most common mode of care for the elderly.
There are many reasons why the elderly first choose home-based care for the elderly. First of all, because of traditional habits. Most old people want to live with their families and children, and the family is happy. For children, the elderly at home take care of the elderly, and children take care of the elderly in return for their parents' kindness and filial piety. During the investigation, I accidentally learned that my classmate's grandfather was ill in bed, which made it very inconvenient to move. Now I am taken care of by my children at home. In fact, students' home conditions are good, and they can send the elderly to hospitals or nursing homes for care. When I asked, "Why don't you send your grandfather to a nursing home?" The classmate's answer is: "Is it a person's job to send a nursing home?" All virtues put filial piety first, and taking care of parents is what each of us should do.
Secondly, the elderly can live more comfortably at home and get used to it. After all, they have lived all their lives. You have your own space at home, you can decide what you want, there is no limit, and privacy is good. In contrast, nursing homes are far less than their own homes. In addition to family members, neighborhood life also attracts the elderly. Everyone has lived in the neighborhood for decades, and sometimes the old neighbors who have known each other for many years are even closer than the relatives who have not seen each other for a long time! As the saying goes, "A distant relative is better than a close neighbor".
Third, the reason why the elderly choose to live at home for the aged is closely related to their expenses. Compared with institutional pension and community pension, the cost of home-based pension is much less. According to the survey, the price of nursing homes in Dalian now ranges from 800 to 2,000 yuan per month. Most hourly workers work every hour 15 yuan, 4 hours a day, and 30 days a month is 1800. This price is acceptable for the elderly with pension, but for the elderly without pension, this 1000 yuan per month is tantamount to the burden of the family. Some elderly people with pensions also said that they are not willing to spend money in nursing homes, so it is better to leave them to their children.
However, home-based care for the elderly also has disadvantages. As people get busier and busier, the elderly spend more and more time at home, and the safety of the elderly living alone cannot be guaranteed. Once the elderly have an accident, neighbors and family members fail to find it in time, which is likely to delay treatment.
(2) Institutional pension
Institutional pension refers to the elderly living in nursing homes, welfare homes, apartments for the elderly and other institutions. Old people in old-age care institutions live together, eat together and move together. There are specialized medical staff for regular physical examination, specialized nursing staff, and various places and activities for the elderly.
Old people living in nursing homes say that living in nursing homes is convenient in all aspects. They don't have to cook and do housework by themselves. Things have been repaired when they are broken, treated by doctors when they are uncomfortable, taken care of by professional nurses when they are inconvenient to move, and there are some entertainment activities during the Spring Festival.
Although the life in the nursing home is comfortable and convenient, it is not difficult to feel the warm nostalgia of the old people for home from the conversation. Most elderly people in nursing homes live in nursing homes because their children are too busy to take care of them, and the elderly themselves can't take care of their own lives. Grandma Han, who lives in Ganjingzi District Social Welfare Hospital, was a primary school teacher before she retired. After retirement, she has a pension of about 3000 yuan, and her life is good. However, because my son is too busy at work and travels frequently, he has no time to go to grandma's house to take care of grandma, and grandma has been confused for years, so grandma Han has to live in a nursing home.
(C), community pension
Now, with the strong support of the government, streets and communities have gradually opened service outlets for the elderly. Provide some help to the elderly at home through the community to make up for the lack of home-based care for the elderly. This is the so-called community pension.
Safety has always been a big problem for the aged at home. If the elderly are not accompanied by their children, they are most afraid of sudden illness or accident risks. The problem of "how to ask for help when the old man suddenly falls down at home alone" has been bothering many people. In order to solve this problem, some streets and communities began to issue "love bells" for elderly people living alone. One end of the love bell is placed on the old man. As long as the old man presses the button, the doorbell of the neighbor's house at the other end will ring, so that the old man can ask the neighbor for help in an emergency. In this way, the danger is reduced when the old man is alone at home. Other communities will provide food ordering and distribution services and domestic service for the elderly. As long as you make a phone call, community workers will come over to solve problems for the elderly.
In this way, the participation of the community greatly increases the convenience of home-based care for the elderly. With the increase of home service projects, the elderly can get more humanized care. The community not only has the comfort of home-based pension, but also has the safety and professionalism of institutional pension, so that the elderly can enjoy the warmth of home without worries.
(iv) Other ways of providing for the aged.
Community for the elderly. This kind of old-age care community either takes the form of buying out exclusive property houses for the elderly or paying a lot of "membership fees". The living environment and equipment built for the elderly are of course first-class.
"Migratory bird" pension. Migratory birds provide for the aged is a popular way of providing for the aged in recent years. Old friends can live in different cities and regions according to seasonal changes and mood changes. In recent years, "migratory bird" pension has become the choice of many retirees with better economic conditions. Of course, a few retirees who like to travel and have good economic conditions can also consider the global tourism-based pension model, but the economic cost will be higher and the physical quality requirements for the elderly will be higher.
Grandpa's comrade-in-arms, Grandpa Chen's way of providing for the aged belongs to "migratory bird type". Grandpa Chen has houses in Xiamen and Dalian, and his son works and gets married in Beijing. So Grandpa Chen lives in Xiamen in winter, Dalian in summer, and occasionally goes to Beijing to see his son's migratory bird life.
Second, the comparison of ways of providing for the aged.
Home care
Comfort: high degree of freedom, privacy is protected.
Convenience: It depends on the hardware and software facilities around the house.
Safety: Old people living alone have low safety at home. Once they get sick or have an accident, it is easy to delay the treatment time.
Expenses: all expenses such as food, clothing, housing and transportation are taken care of by yourself, but there is no nursing fee, and the overall cost is not high. Comfort for the aged in institutions: The living conditions in senior nursing homes are better, while the freedom of semi-collective life in ordinary nursing homes is not high, so it is difficult to guarantee privacy.
Convenience: The nursing home has complete infrastructure and complete daily necessities for the elderly. Safety: the safety factor of the elderly is high.
Cost: the cost depends on the level of nursing home and bed level, and the cost of senior nursing home is higher. Dalian is about 800~2000. Community pension
Comfort: high freedom, privacy protection, food, clothing, housing and transportation and other aspects can be helped by the community, making life more convenient.
Convenience: Door-to-door service and service at the nearest outlet are beneficial to the elderly and convenient. Safety: the elderly living alone are less safe at home, but considering that there are designated medical institutions in the community, general diseases can be treated in time.
Cost: Due to government funding, the service cost borne by individuals is low and the cost is not high.
Third, outstanding problems to be solved
(A), community pension needs to be popularized.
From the comparison of several ways of providing for the aged, it is not difficult to see that each way of providing for the aged has its own advantages and disadvantages. Home care for the elderly is comfortable and cheap, but the safety is low, and nursing homes are safe but more expensive. Now the emerging community pension combines the advantages of home-based pension and institutional pension, which is very convenient and safe, and is a good choice for the elderly. However, in the survey, it is found that the popularity of community pension only appears in a few big cities. Community-based pension is not common in Ganjingzi's community. Even the existing community has not formed a relatively large scale, and the degree of service specialization is not high, so it is difficult to reflect the characteristics and diversified needs of the community. Therefore, this way of providing for the aged has not yet entered the consideration of the old people in my life.
(B), the difficulties of providing for the elderly
In fact, in addition to the elderly who can enjoy the old-age life well, there are still many elderly people in society who are uncomfortable in their later years. There are many elderly people in need of social help, such as low-income elderly people, widowed elderly people, or some elderly people whose lives are difficult because their children are unfilial. The government should carry out more caring activities, contribute funds to help the elderly in difficulty and increase social assistance for the elderly. Besides, we should call for more.
People respect and love the elderly, and have carried out many public welfare activities, such as the school organizing students to visit the elderly in nursing homes.
Filial piety is the first of all virtues, and respecting and loving the elderly has been the traditional virtues of Chinese civilization for thousands of years. Everyone has parents, everyone will get old one day, and everyone hopes to have a comfortable and comfortable old age after getting old. Let's work together to create a beautiful environment for the elderly so that everyone can enjoy a comfortable sunset life.