As early as the Zhou Dynasty (65438 BC+0046 BC-7765438 BC+0 BC), the earliest hospital and medical system in the world was established. The medical institutions in the Zhou Dynasty were equipped with doctors, staff sergeant, corporal, government (in charge of pharmacy), history (in charge of records) and apprentices. There are four kinds of medicine: dieticians (in charge of diet health bank), disease doctors (internal medicine), selective doctors (surgery) and veterinarians. This is the earliest branch of medicine in the world. Doctors are in charge of medical affairs, and the doctors are assessed at the end of the year; "Zhou Li" records that "check something to cook for them in winter", which means that doctors have to increase or decrease their salary through year-end assessment every year. At that time, the patient had been treated in different departments and established a medical record. "After death, every book has a reason and belongs to the doctor", which stipulates that the cause of death should be stated in the medical record of the deceased and then sent to the doctor for filing, so as to sum up medical experience and improve medical technology. This is also the earliest medical record system in the world.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 BC-22 BC1year), there were many famous doctors in Qin State, including Chang Sang and his apprentice Bian Que in Qi State. Bian Que invented a unique TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation and summarized it as "four diagnostic methods", namely "looking, smelling, asking and feeling". Bian Que has the principle of "six treatments" for medical treatment and medical practice: first, those who rely on power and arrogance will die; Second, greedy for money, regardless of life; The third is overeating, and those who eat impermanently die; Fourth, if you are terminally ill and don't seek medical treatment as soon as possible, you will die; Fifth, those who are too weak to take medicine die; Sixth, people who believe in witchcraft and don't believe in medical care will die. Later generations revered him as Bian Que's imperial doctor. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the main medical works were Huangdi Neijing, Huangdi Neijing, Bian Que Neijing, Bian Que Waijing, Bai Neijing, Bai Waijing and Bian Pian, which were combined into seven classics.
In the Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-207 BC), the world's earliest specialized forensic stone forest appeared. According to the Qin law, in principle, a corpse examination should be conducted in cases with unknown causes of death, and judicial personnel who violate the law and fail to conduct the examination will be punished. The methods and procedures of forensic identification are recorded in detail in the Qin Dynasty's Seal Diagnosis. In human life cases, the main contents of identification and inspection include the location of the body, the location, quantity, direction and size of the trauma. A written report, called "written report", must be submitted after the Shilin inspection, which is the earliest forensic identification and field investigation report in the world. The Qin dynasty was also the first infectious disease hospital in the world, and the first isolation system for treating infectious diseases was established. According to 1975 Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Land, Hubei Province, it was stipulated at that time that anyone who had symptoms such as nasal collapse, hairless hands, hoarseness and nasal irritation without sneezing was sent to the hospital for isolation treatment. This shows that the treatment measures for infectious diseases in ancient China have been effective for a long time.
By the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC-8 AD), the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements in TCM had been very complete, with famous doctors including Chunyu Kun in Taicang and Yang Qing in Gongcheng. Famous doctors Zhang Zhongjing and Hua Tuo appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Zhongjing perfected the dialectical theory of traditional Chinese medicine. He is also the first master of clinical medicine in the world and is known as a medical saint. He is the author of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Prescriptions for Women, Huang Sufang, Tongue Theory, Prescriptions for Treating Diseases, etc. Finally, the medical books handed down were compiled into Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber by later generations. In Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Zhang Zhongjing adopted the basic principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment, which can be summarized as "eight principles of syndrome differentiation" and "treatment by six meridians". After these two methods of syndrome differentiation and treatment, he also used the "eight methods" (sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, harmony, warming, clearing away heat, tonifying and eliminating) to treat diseases. "Eight Outline of Syndrome Differentiation" is the specific principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment in the book. The so-called "eight categories" (yin, yang, exterior, interior, cold, heat, deficiency and excess) are summarized by analyzing and examining the position and nature of diseases with "four diagnoses" (looking, smelling, asking and feeling), and "six meridians on treatment" is the overall theory of viscera and meridians in clinical medicine. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Hua Tuo was famous for his mastery of surgery and anesthesia. Hua Tuo was the first person in the world to have an anesthesia operation. Ma Fei San invented by him is the earliest anesthetic in the world, and he also founded one of the earliest fitness gymnastics "Five Birds Play" in the world. It's a pity that Hua Tuo's medical book Qingnangshu was finally burned. By the Han dynasty, a large number of books on medicine and calendar calculation were introduced into Tibet (recorded in the Record of the Tibetan King). In the Han Dynasty, specialized gynecological hospitals also appeared. The sanatorium in the Western Han Dynasty was the earliest maternity hospital in the world.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589), two earliest pediatric monographs were published in the world, namely Wang Mochao's Pediatric Materia Medica and Xu Shuxiang's Miscellaneous Prescriptions for Treating Minor Diseases in Children. In the 20th year of Yuanjia in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 443), the first medical school in the world was founded by Qin at the behest of imperial doctor. By the 6th century AD, the Sui Dynasty had perfected this medical education institution and named it "Taiyi Department", which was divided into two departments: the medical department and the pharmaceutical department. Taiyiling is the highest official position, assisted by Cheng. There are chief doctors, doctors, pharmacists, medical doctors, teaching assistants, massage doctors and doctors, and there are as many as 580 teachers and students in the school.
In the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907), Sun Simiao summarized the theories and experiences of his predecessors, collected more than 5,000 prescriptions, and published three medical works: Great Doctor Sincerity, Thousand Women's Yao and Thousand Women's Yi. Later generations revered him as the King of Medicine. After the Tang Dynasty, China's medical theory and works were widely spread to Turkey, Koguryo, Japan, Central Asia and West Asia.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the pediatric monograph Cranial Classics came out and became very popular. Inspired by this book, Qian Yi (A.D.1032-113), the first famous pediatrician in the history of world medicine, wrote the famous pediatric masterpiece "The Straight Tactics of Pediatric Medical Certificates", and later generations were honored as Qian Yi. During the Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127), the government of the Song Dynasty established Hanlin Medical College, namely the Imperial Medical Bureau. The medical discipline has been very complete, the acupoints in China have been unified, and the atlas has been published. Song Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty published the world's earliest forensic work Injustice Collection.
In the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644), the medical masterpiece Compendium of Materia Medica by the famous doctor Li Shizhen was published. This book is not only a monograph on pharmacology, but also includes botany, zoology, mineralogy and chemistry. Compendium of Materia Medica was soon introduced to Japan, Korea and Vietnam, and was translated into many European languages in 17 and 18 centuries. On the other hand, Li Shizhen was the first medical scientist in the world who suggested that the brain was responsible for mental feelings, found gallstones, used ice to cool patients with high fever and invented disinfection technology. In addition, there are Pulse Sutra, Huangfu Mi's Acupuncture A-B Sutra, Tao Hongjing's Notes on Materia Medica Sutra, Ge Hong's Elbow Urgent Prescription, Chao's Theory of Etiology, Wang Tao's The Secret of Waitai, Yuan Dan Kampot's Four Medical Codes and Taiping Shenghui Prescription. Since the Ming dynasty, the development of Chinese medicine has reached its peak, and many medical schools have emerged. At the same time, the so-called oriental medicine, which studies Chinese medicine in North Korea, has also been greatly developed. For example, Xu Jun wrote A Treasure of Oriental Medicine.
Since the late Qing Dynasty, China has been invaded by western powers, and its national fortune has been weakened. At the same time, the influx of modern medicine (western medicine) has seriously impacted the development of Chinese medicine. Many people in China advocate medical modernization, and traditional Chinese medicine has been greatly challenged. People began to look at it with the thinking mode of western medicine system, and Chinese medicine fell into a dispute of keeping or abolishing. The same is true of Japanese traditional Chinese medicine and Korean medicine, both of which belong to China's medical system. Since SARS in 2003, classical Chinese medicine began to show signs of recovery.