In the third year of the Zhou Dynasty (3 18 BC), Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han and Yan conquered Qin, and Qin defeated the six countries according to the natural barrier of Hangu Pass. In the sixth year of Qin Shihuang (24 1 BC), Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han and Wei conquered the State of Qin, "all failed to pass the imperial edict". During the Warring States Period, Wei occupied Hangu Pass, locked Qin, and Qin occupied Hangu Pass and left Shandong. The six countries jointly attacked Qin, also taking Hangu Pass as the battlefield.
In the Chu-Han War at the end of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang once blocked Xiang Yu's attack. In the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, officers and soldiers and rebels fought a famous battle in Taolin in front of Guanqian.
In the more than 2,000 years since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hanguguan experienced the seven chivalrous men's hegemony, the Chu-Han dispute, the peasant uprising in Li Zicheng, Huang Chao, the Revolution of 1911, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the war of liberation. Whether competing for the Central Plains or making progress in Guanzhong, it is an important channel for Shandong to enter the customs, which shows the importance of Hangu Pass. Hangu Pass has always been a battleground for military strategists.
The 50-kilometer-long canyon has Hangu Pass in the east and Tongguan Pass in the west. "In history, there have been 13 important wars in Hangu Pass, and as many as 45 in Tongguan Pass." Heavy troops were stationed, ranging from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. The military role of this canyon was remembered by emperors of all dynasties. Lao Tzu (about 575 ~? ), the word Bo Yang, also known as Lao Dan, was one of the greatest philosophers and thinkers in ancient China, the founder of Taoist school and a world cultural celebrity. Later generations called him "Laozi" (the pronunciation of the word "Lao" is the same as that of the word "Li" in ancient times). Qu (now) is a native of Guxian County, Chu State, and an outstanding thinker, politician, philosopher and writer in the late Spring and Autumn Period in China. He was not only the founder of Taoism, but also regarded as the ancestor by later Taoism, and was the enlightener of hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period. His book Tao Te Ching, also known as Laozi, is a treasure in the world cultural treasure house. Since the publication of Tao Te Ching, people from the emperor's senior officials to Li's people have shown great enthusiasm for this classic work. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 1800 versions recorded in historical materials. It not only produced a wide and far-reaching influence in China, but also spread abroad in Sanskrit in the 7th century, and spread to European and American countries in the18th century, and gradually became popular all over the world. The famous German philosopher Hegel once pointed out: "Another special school in China's philosophy ... is characterized by speculation. The main concept of this school is Tao, and this is reason. Laozi is the player of this lifestyle closely related to philosophy. " Nietzsche, a German philosopher, said: "The Tao Te Ching is like an inexhaustible Jing Quan, full of treasures. Put down the bucket and you can reach it." In his State of the Union address from 65438 to 0987, former US President Ronald Reagan quoted Laozi's famous saying "Governing a big country is like cooking a little fresh food" to explain his strategy of governing the country. Laozi's thought is profound, involving all aspects of heaven, earth and human beings, and he has unique insights and wisdom in politics, economy, military affairs, art, ethics, health care and other fields.
Studying Laozi's thought has become an international cultural phenomenon. More than 40 countries, including Britain, France, the United States and Japan, are studying the Tao Te Ching, and more than 600 versions have been translated, including more than 330 Japanese works. Because the Tao Te Ching was written in Hanguguan, Hanguguan really became the birthplace of Taoist culture. On June 20th, 2002, 10, Min Zhiting, president of the Chinese Taoist Association and a Taoist in Yuxi, wrote the words "the source of Taoism" for Hanguguan Tourist Area. 1, Guancheng site
There are no buildings left. According to research, Hangu Guancheng is an irregular rectangle, which is rammed by long, round and flat rammers. East wall length1800m, west wall length1300m and south wall length180m. The site is basically consistent with historical records.
2. Hanguguan East Gate closes the building.
The original Guanlou no longer exists. In 2000, what we saw was the retro building started at 1992.
The east gate building is 7 1.2 meters long from north to south and 2 1.5 meters high. It is concave and sits west to east, controlling the main entrance of the customs. Guanlou is a three-story building. There are two doors and two buildings at the top of the building, and each roof is decorated with Feng Dan, so it is also called "Fengdan Building".
3. Hangu Ancient Road
It starts from the east gate of Hanguguan on the west bank of Hongnong River in the east and passes through Guancheng in the west. It runs from Guogou, Huangheyu and Langpigou in Wang Duo Village to Gusangtian (now Housang), with a total length of15km, which is the only east-west passage in this area. The depth of the valley is 50-70 meters, the width of the valley bottom is about 10 meter, the narrow part is only 2-3 meters, and the slope of the valley bank is 40-80 degrees. The valley bottom is connected by a winding path, rugged and narrow, and the empty valley is deep, and people walk in it. If you enter the letter, on both sides of the road, there are steep cliffs and many peaks and rocks. The terrain is sinister and the landform is grim. Ancient books say that "cars don't divide tracks, horses don't merge" and "a mud pill seals Azuma Tani". In 2000, when a farmer in the village was working in the field, he dug up an ancient man's bone and found that he had been shot with more than ten arrows. Appraised by the cultural relics department, the arrow cluster on the deceased was the product of the Warring States period, indicating that there was a war at that time.
4. Warring States well-shaped arrow library
Located at the lower end of the right side wall of Cidong City Gate in Hangu, it is a 0.9-meter-diameter shaft cave weapon warehouse, which was discovered in July of 1986 and was an arrow warehouse for customs officials to store weapons during the Warring States Period. The arrow library is like a dry well. There are bundles of arrows in it, about 1 cubic meter. The arrow is made of copper and the shaft is made of iron. It is very light and rust is inseparable. This arrow library provides an important basis for studying the weapons of the Warring States period.
5. Former site of Yin former residence
According to legend, it is Yin's residence. Yin, a native of the Spring and Autumn Period, was an astronomer and a former customs official in Hangu. Legend has it that he once received Lao Zi here. In the 29th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 74 1 year), Chen Shenjun and Tian Tongxiu (from Taolin County) suggested that Tang Xuanzong said that an amulet was sent from heaven to Guan Yin's old house in Hangu, and Tang Xuanzong immediately sent someone to dig it. As expected, Xuanzong was overjoyed and thought it was a gift from Laozi, so he changed the name of Kaiyuan to Tianbao.
6. Qi Mingtai, also known as Tian.
The story of the idiom "A chicken calls a dog to steal" happened here. The reconstructed legend of Jimingtai is the high song that Tian Wen diners learned to crow.
7. The Observatory, also known as the Exhibition Hall.
Legend has it that Hanguguan made Yin climb high and look far to observe the celestial phenomena. The etymology of "purple gas comes from the east" comes from this. In the poem "Autumn Prosperity" by Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, there is a sentence "Looking at Yaochi in the west and descending to the Queen Mother, and the east is full of purple." In order to commemorate him, later generations named the earth mountain of Yin as the watchtower. In the Tang Dynasty, a "pavilion" more than 3 feet high was built on it. This building was destroyed by fire in the Republic of China.
8. Taichu Palace
Located on the right side of Hanguguan East Gate. Legend has it that Yin greeted Lao Tzu to Hangu Pass, saluted Lao Tzu and begged Lao Tzu to write a book for him, so Lao Tzu wrote the Tao Te Ching with 5,000 words here. This rich book has a great influence on later generations (some people think it is the work of later generations). In order to commemorate this event, later generations built the Taichu Palace, which used to be a Taoist temple, in the place where Laozi wrote classics.
Taiji Hall is a classical building in the style of a palace. On the ridge of the temple and the eaves of the gables, there are rare birds and animals such as Kirin, lion, tiger, chicken and dog, which have both form and spirit. The roof of the temple is criss-crossed and the rafters are uneven. Although the roof truss is complex, it has its own rules. The hall is very wide and there are no pillars in it. According to historical records, Taichu Palace was built in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The main hall of Taichu Palace was built before the Tang Dynasty, and it was repaired in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. There are two stone tablets in the temple, one is from Yuan Dade's four years, and the other is from Qing Shunzhi's years, both of which record the story of Lao Zi riding a green cow through Hangu Pass.
9. Kazuo Shirtani
It is located in the small valley of Mengcun Old Village, north of lingbao city 17km, and about 2km south of Guhanguguan. The clip is shaped like a turret, a brick-wood structure and a gate tower. There are two doors inside and outside. On the outside door, the words "Han Gu Guan Jia Fu" are engraved with blue bricks. Above the city gate, there is a two-story four-corner building, resting at the top of the mountain. In 2000, except the north roof and some parts were damaged, it was basically intact. After identification, the existing buildings were built in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Qing Dynasty.
Hangu forest of steles 10
The forest of steles in Hangu was built in autumn of 1988. It is 100 meter long from north to south and 40 meters wide from east to west. It covers an area of 4000 square meters and has 62 stone tablets. There are ancient monuments collected from Lingbao, such as the ritual monument in the Song Dynasty, the earthquake monument in the Tang Dynasty, the epitaph of Yang Zhongsi, the brother of Yang Guifei, and the epitaph of Xu Tianguan, the official wife of the Ming Dynasty, as well as new monuments written by famous calligraphers in modern times, such as the banner tablet written by Kang Youwei to Lingbao county magistrate at that time in Qing Dynasty and the pen tablet of Li Xiangyang prototype. Qin Guan was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The site is located in Wang Duo Village, 0/5km north of lingbao city today.
Hanguan is 500 meters east of Xin 'an County, Henan Province, and 150 kilometers west of Qinguan. According to the Records of lingbao city, since the rise of the Han Dynasty, Guanzhong has always been regarded as the Imperial Capital, and the east of Hangu Pass is called the Commissioner. People are proud that they are Guanzhong people. Yangfu, a shipbuilding general, was originally from Xin 'an County, east of Hanguguan. He was told that he was a foreigner. He was deeply unhappy, so he donated all his family money. In the third year of the Han Dynasty (1 14 BC), a magnificent city was built in the east of Xin 'an County, which was called Hanguguan. With this new pass, servant Yang became Guan Zhong. The Han Pass has long been abandoned, leaving only the relevant city gate site in 2000.
Weiguan is located 20 kilometers northeast of lingbao city, about 5 kilometers away from Qinguan. According to legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao begged Zhang Lu and Ma Chao in the west. In order to transport military forces and grain quickly, he ordered Chu Xu to dig tunnels there and build customs, which was not far from Qin Guan, so it was called Xin Guan. This place later became an important traffic trunk line connecting Luoyang in the east and Chang 'an in the west. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Shicheng Tower was destroyed by fire, and the site was submerged by Sanmenxia Reservoir. Now there are only ancient roads and beacon towers.