Eliminating evil and following righteousness-Zhang Congzheng, the first of the four great medical scientists in Jin and Yuan Dynasties
Portrait of Zhang Congzheng
During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there were many medical schools in China, with academic contention. The most representative schools are Hejian, Yishui, Attacking Evil and Danxi. Zhang Congzheng is a representative of the school of exorcism. Associating Zhang Congzheng's name with the school he founded means "to ward off evil spirits and take the right path".
There was a baby crying for days on end. After receiving the pulse, Zhang Congzheng asked the baby to bathe in warm water until his body sweated. After the bath, the baby stopped crying. It turns out that "the heart fire rides on the lungs, and the lungs are not affected by it, so crying ... sweating will dissipate the lung heat." The bath stopped, and so did the crow. "It's also wonderful to make parents cry in the shower.
Another monk has a headache. Many doctors can't prescribe medicine dialectically. After receiving treatment, Zhang Congzheng put him on a charcoal fire to keep warm, which made him sweat, and at the same time made the vomiting inducing method parallel. "When the fire is depressed and hot, it will sweat out, so that it can be evacuated", and the headache is obviously relieved.
This is a medical record recorded in Zhang Congzheng's The Scholars. Although it is very old, it seems to happen in our daily life. On the theory that diseases begin with evil spirits, he put forward that the evil spirits must be removed first to treat diseases, and "to remove evil spirits and ensure peace". In terms of treatment, it has enriched and developed the three methods of sweating, vomiting and purgation, formed a unique style of attacking evil and treating diseases, made contributions to the pathogenesis theory and treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine, and also enriched and developed the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.
The Book Shadow of Confucian Getting along with Parents
Zhang Congzheng was born in 1 156 and died in 1228. He was born in Gaocheng Town, Kaucheng County, Suizhou (now Wutun Village, Wangzhuangzhai Township, Minquan County, Henan Province). Zhang Congzheng called himself "Dai Ren" because his hometown was Dai Guo in the Spring and Autumn Period. When I was a teenager, I studied medicine with my father, read a lot of medical books, studied medical theory and studied hard.
I went to the clinic in my twenties and became a famous doctor in my middle age. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty (12 17- 1222), Zhang Congzheng accepted the imperial edict to make up for too much treatment, but because he didn't want to, he soon resigned and returned to his hometown to study medicine and write a book handed down from generation to generation. Although he worked in Tai Hospital for a short time, his medical achievements should not be underestimated, ranking first among the "Four Famous Doctors in Jin and Yuan Dynasties".
Zhang Congzheng wrote many books in his life, except The Scholars 15. There are still one volume of Heart Mirror Collection, two volumes of Zhang Jing's Prescriptions, one volume of Zhang Treatment Summary and two volumes of Secret Recipes, and the rest have not been handed down because of their long history.
Surpassing Huang Qi's Achievements —— Xu Guozhen, a physician appointed by Yuan Shizu.
Legend has it that one day, in the garden of Yuan Di, I saw a fair-skinned beauty strolling in the garden. Before driving, I was busy calling someone to take a closer look and found that it was Zhang Guifei whom I hadn't seen for a long time. When Zhang Guifei entered the palace, he was also deeply loved by Yuan Di, but as time went on, his face gradually disappeared and he was left out in the cold. At this time, if Zhang Guifei's skin is tight, her lips are red and her teeth are white, and she is as beautiful as a fairy, Yuan Di is amazed, so she asks the reason carefully, and Zhang Guifei explains the mystery of her "beauty". She mashed seven rare Chinese herbal medicines that can whiten the skin, made them into pills, and ground them with porcelain, which has the effects of whitening and nourishing, tender face and wrinkle prevention.
Yuan Di was very happy after hearing this, and ordered the concubines in the harem to follow this recipe for beauty and skin care. Zhang Guifei once again won the favor of Yuan Di, and the prescription was passed down from generation to generation in TaiYuan, named "Seven White Ointment".
In the old days, it was not available to the royal court and people, but today, it seems that they can easily get beauty. Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Radix Ampelopsis and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae each 10, Rhizoma Bletillae 5, Asari, Rhizoma Typhonii and Poria 3. Grinding the above medicines into fine powder, making marble-sized pills with egg white, and drying in the shade. Warm the surface with this product every night before going to bed, which will have the effect of whitening and wrinkle removal. It's so simple. Do you want to make one yourself? !
Xu Guozhen is not only an extraordinary medical skill, but also an outspoken doctor, which won the trust of his ancestor Kublai Khan. Once, Princess Bessa suffered from eye disease, and the doctor made a mistake in needle operation, which hurt her eyes. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan was very angry and wanted to cure the dead doctor. Knowing this, Xu Shi calmly remonstrated, saying, "It's a sin to die, but the original situation was caused by a terrible mistake, and it is necessary to punish it. Who dares to go back in the future? "
Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan realized this, so he forgave the doctor. While taking care of the emperor's health, he assisted the emperor in managing state affairs. In history, there are only a handful of people who can participate in and discuss politics as a physician and win the trust of the emperor. Xu Guozhen is such an excellent physician who not only treats the emperor, but also helps the emperor to govern the country, and his achievements are beyond Huang Qi. After Xu Guozhen's death, the Yuan government praised him, was loyal to the Constitution, and named him Qi Huangong.
China's first monograph on nutrition-Yuan Taiyi and Hu Sihui
Book 1 "Food Taboos": Health Taboos, Pregnancy Taboos, Nursing Taboos, Drinking Taboos, etc.
The second volume, Raw Materials, Drinks and Dietotherapy: health taboos, pregnancy taboos, wet nurses' taboos, drinking taboos, and treasures;
Volume 3 "Food, vegetables, all kinds of meat and fruits, etc." .
The Book Shadow of Eat and Drink Righteously
The directory name of reading should be a popular health book in Wangfujing Bookstore. In fact, it is indeed a health book, but it is a nutrition health book compiled by Beijing, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, more than 600 years ago.
Chinese medicine has the concept of "homology of medicine and food" since ancient times. Many foods are both food and medicine. Both food and medicine can prevent and treat diseases, which is often called "dietotherapy". So I have to talk about Hu Sihui, a nutritionist who is very important in the development history of dietotherapy medicine in China.
Hu Sihui inherited the long tradition of combining food, nutrition and medicine of the previous generation and rich experience in dietotherapy, especially attached importance to and inherited the relevant academic theories and viewpoints of Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty. He emphatically expounded the dietotherapy theories of "taking food first and taking medicine after illness" and "keeping the way and keeping the middle", and emphasized the role and position of dietotherapy in medicine.
Hu Sihui's date of birth and death is unknown. The Mongols in the Yuan Dynasty (referring to the Hui people in the Yuan Dynasty) mainly served the Empress Dowager and Empress in the court by eating and drinking.
In the third year of Yuan Dynasty (1330), Hu Sihui led the compilation of Eat and Drink. Turning over the history of dietetics and medicinal dietetics in China will inevitably put "drinking diet" in an extremely important position. This is not only a precious palace cookbook, but also the first existing monograph on nutrition in China. The book has formulated recipes with nutritional value, which highlights the value of diet in health care and longevity, and advocates that people should pay attention to nutritional regulation and take medicine as little as possible. It is also the first monograph on food hygiene in China, which has made great contributions to the development and dissemination of health care knowledge in China.
In addition, Hu Sihui put forward his own views on prenatal education in Eat and Drink, which is the first person in the world. "Sages are sentimental, so pregnant women should avoid mourning, disfigurement, disability and poverty; It is advisable to see more virtuous, festive and beautiful things. Want to be smarter, look at carp and peacock; Think of beauty, look at pearls and jade; If you want to be magnificent, watch the eagle and walk the dog. " This statement is also a reference for future generations to study prenatal education.
(This article comes from the third issue of Beijing Local Records in 2020. The author works in the Party History Research Office of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Local Records Office. The picture is provided by the author. )