-That's what Shuowen said. -"Er Ya" Tao Tantan.
-"Louis" There are hundreds of people with roads, and there are thousands of people with roads in Qian Qian. There is a road on the road, and there is a road on the road. -"Li Zhou Emperor Guan Sui People".
Note: "One track can accommodate two tracks, and the road can accommodate three tracks." The road is barren, but people are good at it.
-"Lao Zi" Chapter 53 Hearsay, Hearsay. -"The Analects of Confucius Yang Huo" has been in our army since then, but it is only 20 miles.
-"Historical Records of Xiang Yu" died of thirst. -"Shan Hai Jing Overseas North Jing" It rained heavily today, the road was blocked, and the time was inappropriate.
-"Historical Records Chen She Family" is another example: the avenue is blind in asking for directions; Main road; Sidewalk; Lane; A wide road; Daoyou (polite address for strangers when you go out); Daodian (a roadside hotel) is moral, moral and just: the more help you get, the less help you lose. -"Mencius Gongsun Chou" has no way to cut, and Qin suddenly attacked.
-"Historical Records Chen She Family" is another example: Daoguang (the glory of morality); Daoism (moral scholarship; Taoist teachings Do you know that young people in the Hao family often come and go? -Han Yu's "Huashan Girl" Taoism; Taoist: My brother looks like a Taoist, but Shen Feng is so handsome.
-"Shi Shuo Xin Yu Appreciation" is the second way to serve the Buddha; They were all bribed with money. -"Shi Shuo Xin Yu Pai Diao" is another example: Taoist feelings (songs sung by Taoist priests, the content of which is to warn the world and persuade the good); Taoist books (tables for Taoist prayers) and Taoist food (Taoist rations); A slender trace of a "line" or path (the practice of Buddhism and Taoism).
Such as: draw a ramp; Travel is everywhere day and night. -"The Art of War" is another example: long way, short cut; Ways and means of separation between the two places (the two places are far apart); Skills [Tao; Method [3] is also a way to open its financial path.
-Chao Cuo's "On Your Millet" is far-sighted, and the way of marching and fighting is not the same as that of the people of the times. -Jia Yi's "On Qin" does not follow its path.
-Tang Hanyu's Miscellaneous Notes is another example: the way to make money; The way of health; Yi Dao (Knife Master. Means of subsistence; Occupation; The way of water flow [course; River.
Such as: rivers; Division name of waterway area [preference]. In the Han Dynasty, counties were called "Tao" by barbarians.
After referring to the general administrative region. Ming and Qing dynasties refer to the regulatory areas set up between provincial capitals.
Such as "Lu Feng Road" academic or religious doctrine [doctrine; Reason; Method [1] The way to please Duke Zhou and Zhong Ni. -"Mencius Teng Wengong on" the way of pen and ink, the foundation of universal love. I should finally live with you.
-A?vagho?a Xi Zhong's "The Legend of the Wolf in Zhongshan" is another example: preaching; Taoist books (books and articles promoting religious teachings) refer to the universe itself and its laws. If we ignore Tao, then Heaven can't be a disaster. -"Xunzi Tian Lun" heard Pepsi, thinking that if there is no self, I call it also.
-"Zhuangzi colchicine" teacher, so answer the question. -Tang Hanyu's "Shi Shuo" is a good thing for the minister, and the Tao is also; I'm entering the technical field.
—— The direction of "Zhuangzi Health Master"; Ambition [direction; Ambition; Ambition] If you don't understand, just talk about the past and think about new people. -Sima Qian's "Bao Ren An" is another example: like-minded Dao Yao is talking [[said; Speak; Wan Huhou is not enough! -"Historical Records and Biography of General Li" is not enough for outsiders.
-Tao Jin Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring" is another example: as the saying goes; Have a glib tongue; Hit the nail on the head; Ding Tao (speaking, speaking); Tao (talking, talking); Daoda (make it clear, make it clear; Express, convey); Know (inform, explain); The meaning of mourning is [expression]. Such as: Tao Wei (expressing condolences); Tao sin (admitting mistakes; Apologize) through [[〖via；; Bywayof] From the foot of Mount Li, take the highway to Zhiyang.
-"Historical Records of Xiang Yu" Dao Hai 'an, Rugao, all three hundred miles. -Wen Song Tianxiang's Introduction to Nanlu is another example: the Taoist scriptures (passing by) guide and guide [guide] know that everything is around, and the Taoist discipline is in the world.
-"The Book of Changes" takes politics as its way and punishment as its punishment, so that the people can avoid it. -"The Analects of Confucius is the government" The door of the people is the first in the world.
-"Guanzi Herdsmen" is to learn to avoid the valley and lead the intellectual man fit. -"Historical Records, Stay in Hou Family" materials; Yes, I thought Liu Taigong was shocked. He only said that it was only a matter of time before he told the king about what went around comes around, but he heard him calling for help.
-"The Water Margin" was introduced, and the messenger came to Chang 'an. -"Hanshu Huainan Biography" Morality dàodé "Morality; Ethics: One of the social ideologies is that people will one day live in their own norms and rules of life and behavior.
-Tang Hanyu's Collected Works of Mr. Changli of Zhu Wengong School: Righteousness. Magic: evil spirits.
This is the language that Buddhism warns believers not to be tempted by the outside world. It means that righteousness is difficult to repair, and evil is easier than righteousness. Later, fighting for justice will inevitably be under great pressure from reactionary forces.
It is also a metaphor that after achievements, there will be more difficulties. It is also a metaphor for the rise of new things, and soon there will be newer ones that are one foot higher than before, and the magic is ten feet higher. Ill-gotten gains will be rewarded.
-"Surprise at the First Moment" The Tao is one foot high, the magic is ten feet high, and sexual disorder is chaotic. -Journey to the West.
2. With regard to Lide's classical Chinese, Tao can be Tao, extraordinary Tao, famous name, extraordinary name and the beginning of the unknown world; The mother of all things is famous all over the world. So I am often absent, so I want to see its wonders; Many times, I want to observe it. They have the same name, both called mystery. The mystery is the mysterious door.
Huai Nanzi: "Name and Tao are unclear. If a person is famous, then the Tao is not needed; If the Tao gains people, the name will stop. If Tao argues with others, those who seal people will stop. If people close the road and rest, they are in danger. If they were famous in the past, that day would come. If they want to be famous, they will get better. If you want to be a good person, you will cause trouble. When you have troubles, you can let the public go, let the private go, and do whatever you want. You should take good care of your reputation and establish a good reputation, so you won't fix the problem, but if you don't need it, you will be more responsible. When things don't need to be done, there is no job. If the responsibility is too great, there is no way to stop it. If you make a mistake, you will be invited and you will succeed. Success will not be more responsible. Failure is not enough to save us. Therefore, good is more important than evil, but lies in Tao. "
Confucius' famous saying
1, wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent.
2, old and old, less and less.
Born in sorrow, died in happiness.
If you get this word, you will get more help, but if you lose it, you will get less help.
Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teachers, so it is also necessary to send a message, puzzled by the industry. People are not born to know, who can't understand? Confused, if you don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and finally confused.
Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. He was born after me, and his Taoist knowledge also came from me, so I learned from him. I studied Taoism and didn't know that he was born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no length, no shortage, the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints sacred and fools stupid?
Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; On him, he is ashamed of his teacher's ignorance and confusion. The boy's teacher, who teaches him books and learns his sentences, is not the one I called to explain his confusion. He doesn't know what to read, and he is very confused. Is it the teacher's ignorance or absent-mindedness? There are many problems left over from primary school. I didn't see it clearly.
Witch doctor musicians are not ashamed to learn from each other. Scholar-officials who said they were disciples of Yun got together and talked and laughed. When asked, they said, "He is almost the same as in those years, but he is humble and shameful, and his official position is near." Alas! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone. Witch doctors are proficient in everything, but gentlemen are dismissive. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!
Sages are fickle teachers. Confucius studied Tanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Tan Zi is not as talented as Confucius. Confucius said: If there are three people, there must be a teacher. Therefore, you don't have to be inferior to the teacher, and the teacher doesn't have to be superior to the disciple. You give priority to learning Tao and specialize in skills. That's all.
Li is seventeen years old and is good at classical Chinese. His six arts are all handed down to him, regardless of the times, and he is a teacher. Yu Jiaqi can learn from the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.
5, the day will drop to a great post, and people must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, and starve their bodies and skins.
Pre-Qin philosophers also had eight moral theories.
Knowing his male and keeping his female is the best for the world. For the world stream, Changde never gives up and returns to the baby. Know its white, keep its shame, for Amagai. For Amagai, Changde is enough. Go back to the park. Knowing its white, keeping its black, is the world wind. For the world wind, Changde is not specialized and returns to infinity. Park powder is a utensil, used by saints, and an official.
3. An ancient book about moral etiquette.
Confucius said, "The Tao (1) is based on politics, while the Qi (2) is based on punishment, while the people (3) avoid *** (4), the Tao is based on virtue, the Qi is based on courtesy, and the shame is qualified (5)." ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics")
To annotate ...
(1) Tao: There are two explanations: one is "guidance"; The second is "governance." The former is more suitable.
(2) Uniformity: neatness and restraint.
(3) Exemption: avoidance and evasion.
(4) Shame: the heart of shame.
(5) Case: There are two explanations: one is "ambition"; The second is "positive".
translate
Confucius said: "The people take the prohibition of law as the guide and the criminal law as the system. People just seek to avoid being punished for crimes, but they have lost their sense of shame. "
Heart; Guiding people with moral education and unifying their words and deeds with etiquette will not only make people feel ashamed, but also abide by the rules. "
Comment and analysis
In this chapter, Confucius cited two completely different principles of governing the country. Confucius believes that punishment can only make people avoid committing crimes, but not make people understand that crimes can be committed.
Shame, and moral education is much better than punishment, which can make people obey the rules and make people feel ashamed. This embodies morality.
There are characteristics different from the legal system in governing the country. However, it should also be pointed out that Confucius' thought of "ruling by virtue" should attach importance to morality, but it has been ignored.
The role of criminal management and legal system in governing the country has been paid attention to.
4. The classical Chinese "Getting a word helps many losses" explains the original text and key words (1) [Weather] refers to the weather season that is conducive to combat. (2) [Geographical location] refers to a geographical location that is conducive to combat. (3) People who fight are United internally. (4) 【 Li Sancheng 】 Fiona Fang Li San's inner city. [Guo] Outer city. A wall built outside the city. [6] Surrounded by a ring. Once a moat. Being[ Ge Bing] refers to weapons and equipment. Soldiers, weapons; Leather, armor, protective armor and so on. (9) [The Committee] gives up; Leave [go]. ⑽ [domain] is used as a verb here, which means to limit. (10) The boundary demarcated by [the government]. ⑿ 【 consolidate the foundation and cultivate the yuan 】. [13][ mountain stream] terrain; Mountains and rivers [14] A monarch who practices "benevolent government". People, the second refers to the monarch, the same below. ⒂ 【 deviant 】 don't practice "benevolent" monarch. To the extreme. [⒄ around] Through "rebellion", betrayal. Obey [submit] and obey [therefore]. (20)[ Yes] This
Common words
Pan and Tong: "Rebellion", betrayal.
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
The ancient meaning of the city: the modern meaning of the city wall: the ancient meaning of the city: the modern meaning of the moat: the ancient meaning of the Xiaochi Committee: abandoning the modern meaning: unwilling to go to the countryside after being wronged; The modern meaning of national defense: the ancient meaning of ethnic relatives: relatives, including paternal relatives and matrilineal relatives: family members or other members who have marriage or blood relationship with their own family go to ancient times: leave modern meaning: go and go to ancient times: border, people who restrict territory from the border of frontier: region is ancient meaning: this is that the weather is not as good as geographical position, and it still means now: judging the ancient meaning of verb soldiers: the ancient meaning of weapons: the ancient meaning of soldiers: this. Auxiliary words contribute to the pronoun of the world, namely Tao.
Famous aphorisms related to "human harmony"
1, two people unite, and the profit is tens of thousands. 2. Home and everything. 3. Brothers unite in gold, and sisters-in-law unite in family ties. 3, everyone collects firewood with high flame. 4. Unity is strength. 4, people are United, Taishan is the top.
translate
The weather conditions conducive to fighting are not comparable to the geographical situation conducive to fighting, and the geographical situation conducive to fighting is not comparable to the will and internal unity of soldiers in the battle. Three miles inside the city, seven miles outside the city, attack it around, and you can't win. Surround and attack it, you must get weather that is conducive to combat, but you can't win, because the weather conditions that are conducive to combat are not as good as the geographical situation that is conducive to combat. The city wall is not high, the moat is not deep, the weapons and equipment are not bad, and the food is not small, but the defenders abandon the city and flee. This is because the geographical situation favorable to the battle is not as good as the will and unity of the people in the battle. Therefore, we cannot rely on the boundaries of territory to calm people's hearts, to consolidate national defense, to deter the world, and not to rely on the strength of weapons and equipment. People who practice benevolent policies will have more people to help and support him, while those who do not practice benevolent policies will have fewer people to help and support him. With so few people helping him, all his brothers and sisters will betray him. So many people helped him that everyone in the world surrendered to him. With the condition that people all over the world submit to him, they will attack those who betray him physically and by their brothers. Therefore, those who practice benevolent government will either not fight or win.
I am eager to find an ancient classical Chinese about the way of governing the country. Haha, the most famous is, of course, "Ten Thoughts on Emperor Taizong"!
[Tang]
When I hear the elders who ask for wood, I will strengthen their roots [1]; Those who want to flow far [2] will dig their springs [3]; A man who considers national security will accumulate his morality. The source is not deep, but it flows far. Roots are not solid, but seek the length of wood. If virtue is not thick, the country will be safe. Although I am stupid, I know it is impossible, but it is wise to assess the situation. When a person is an artifact [4], he is the largest in territory [5]. He will worship the rigor of heaven and keep the rest boundless forever, never considering being prepared for danger in times of peace, and refraining from extravagance and frugality [6]. Virtue is not thick, and he can never get it. He will also cut off his roots and let the wood flourish, blocking his source and trying to flow to the elderly.
Every 100 heads of state [7] accept the fate of heaven and earth [8], but they are full of worries, talk loudly, become famous, and lose their morality. A good beginning is complicated, but a good ending is few [9]. Is it difficult to take away the easy things and keep them? I took it before, and I still have a surplus. What's the point of staying until today? If a husband is worried about yin [10], he must be single-minded; If you succeed, you will be addicted to pride [1 1]. Wholehearted wuyue [12] is an organic whole, and pride is the way of flesh and blood [13]. Although Dong Zhi severely punished him [14] and angered him [15], he finally excused himself mercilessly, with a respectful face but unconvinced. There is not much resentment, but people are to be feared, and it is advisable to be cautious when carrying a boat to capsize.
If you can see what you want, you will quit contentedly; There will be a work [16], and then I want to help people in Zhi Zhi; Humble and self-grazing at high risk [17]; If you are afraid of flooding, you will think of all the rivers under the river [18]; Music disc tour [19], and then think about the degree of three drives [20]; If you are worried about slacking off, start cautiously and end with respect [21]; If you care, you will think modestly and accept it; Fear of evil is thinking of evil [22]; If you add grace, you will think there is no reason to be happy; If you are punished, you will think that there is no abuse of punishment because of anger. The sum of these ten thoughts, Hongzi Jiude [23]. Jane can do it [24], choose good and follow it, then the wise do their best, the brave do their best, the benevolent sow their benefits, and the believers serve their loyalty [25]. In the civil-military dispute, the monarch and the minister have nothing to do, so they can travel to Henan as much as possible, support Joe's life, and play the piano without saying anything. Why bother thinking hard instead of thinking about it? 〔26〕
—— Selected from The Biography of Wei Zhi in Old Tang Dynasty, a punctuation book by Zhonghua Book Company.
6. With regard to the question of ancient Chinese, thank you for your help, but when you lose your way, you can't help China. You don't take the risk of mountains and streams: it turns out that the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people.
The city of three miles (4), the country of seven miles (5), ring [6] and attack it. If the husband attacks it, it will be the right time, and if it is invincible, it will be the right place.
The city is not too high, the pool is not too deep, the army is not very profitable, and the rice is not too much, so it is not as good as people and peace. Therefore, the people in China do not take the frontier, the country does not take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the benefits of the world do not take the benefits of military revolution.
Those who gain the Tao help more, and those who lose the Tao help less. If it doesn't help, relatives will (resist).
Help more, and the world will be at peace. Take the world at will and attack your relatives (rebellion), so a gentleman wins without fighting.
Note (1) [Time] refers to the weather season favorable for operations. (2) [Geographical location] refers to a geographical location that is conducive to combat.
(3) People who fight are United internally. [Li Sancheng] The inner city of Fiona Fang Li San.
[Guo] Outer city. A wall built outside the city.
[6] Surrounded by a ring. Once a moat.
Being[ Ge Bing] refers to weapons and equipment. Soldiers, weapons; Leather, armor, protective armor and so on.
(9) [The Committee] gives up; Leave [go]. ⑽ [domain] is used as a verb here, which means to limit.
(10) The boundary demarcated by [the government]. ⑿ 【 consolidate the foundation and cultivate the yuan 】.
[13][ mountain stream] terrain; Mountains and rivers [14] A monarch who practices "benevolent government".
People, the second refers to the monarch, the same below. ⒂ 【 deviant 】 don't practice "benevolent" monarch.
To the extreme. [⒄ around] Through "rebellion", betrayal.
⒅ submit, obey ⒆ [therefore]. (20) [Yes] On the edge of this common word, it is common to say "rebellion" and betrayal.
Ancient meaning of ancient and modern city: ancient meaning of city wall: ancient meaning of city wall: ancient meaning of moat: ancient meaning of small pool committee: abandoning modern meaning: being wronged and unwilling to go to the country ancient meaning: ancient meaning of national defense: ancient meaning of national relatives: relatives, including paternal relatives and matriarchal relatives: families or other members who are married or related to their own families go to the ancient meaning: leaving the modern meaning: going to and going to the ancient meaning: borders, people who limit their territory from the border of the frontier: region is Moreover, it still means now: judging the ancient meaning of the verb soldier: weapon means now: this means now: the conjunctions indicating the turning point are ambiguous, and the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the soldiers are not as strong as Rui Sanlicheng. Auxiliary words contribute to the pronoun that the world is at peace, referring to the famous Taoist aphorism about "harmony between people". 59460.88868898686
3. Brothers unite in gold, and sisters-in-law unite in family ties. 3, everyone collects firewood with high flame.
4. Unity is strength. 4, people are United, Taishan is the top.
The favorable weather conditions are not comparable to the favorable geographical situation, and the favorable geographical situation is not comparable to the will and internal unity of soldiers in combat. Three miles inside the city, seven miles outside the city, attack it around, and you can't win.
Surround and attack it, you must get weather that is conducive to combat, but you can't win, because the weather conditions that are conducive to combat are not as good as the geographical situation that is conducive to combat. The city wall is not high, the moat is not deep, the weapons and equipment are not bad, and the food is not small, but the defenders abandon the city and flee. This is because the geographical situation favorable to the battle is not as good as the will and unity of the people in the battle.
Therefore, we cannot rely on the boundaries of territory to calm people's hearts, to consolidate national defense, to deter the world, and not to rely on the strength of weapons and equipment. People who practice benevolent policies will have more people to help and support him, while those who do not practice benevolent policies will have fewer people to help and support him.
With so few people helping him, all his brothers and sisters will betray him. So many people helped him that everyone in the world surrendered to him.
With the condition that people all over the world submit to him, they will attack those who betray him physically and by their brothers. Therefore, those who practice benevolent government will either not fight or win. A brief analysis of the central argument is the first two sentences of the article.
Mencius put forward three concepts, namely, weather, geographical location, and human harmony, and compared these three concepts to promote them layer by layer. It emphasizes the importance of "human harmony" with two "inequalities", and also embodies Mencius' "benevolent politics".
The comparison between the three is essentially the comparison between the former and the latter, emphasizing that various objective and multifaceted factors are not as good as people's subjective conditions and the "harmony between people" in the war, and it is people rather than things that determine the outcome of the war. The comparative argument is extremely impressive.
The sentence pattern is the same, the tone is very positive, no doubt. The second and third paragraphs focus on the central argument and further demonstrate it with two arguments, using negative parallelism.
In the second paragraph, examples of attack and war are selected to illustrate that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position". A small town is surrounded on all sides and can't be broken. Even people with "good weather" can't win, which aims to show that "good location" is more important than good weather; In the third paragraph, examples of attack and war are selected to illustrate that even if the city is favorable-the water is not high, the soldiers are bloodless and the rice is not much, some people abandon the city and flee, because the favorable position is hard to compare with the harmony between people. These two examples are not actual examples of war, but general, that is, except for special circumstances.
Therefore, the debate has universal significance and certain persuasiveness. The above syllogism proves the view that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony".
The function of the fourth paragraph is to further elaborate on the basis of the previous syllogism and push the scope of argument from war to governing the country, thus fully embodying Mencius' political views and making the article more universal. Secondly, "winning the Tao" can actually be understood as "winning people's hearts", that is, "harmony between people".
Those who win the hearts of the people will submit to it, and they will be invincible wherever they go. Those who lose people's hearts will do the opposite and collapse without attack. Therefore, paragraph 4 is by no means redundant.
Question query 1. What is the central idea of the essay "Get more help from the Tao, get lost in the Tao and get less help"? The central argument is the first two sentences of the article. Mencius put forward three concepts, namely, weather, geographical location, and human harmony, and compared these three concepts to promote them layer by layer.
Emphasize the importance of "harmony between people" with two "inferior". The comparison between the three is essentially the comparison between the former two and the latter two, emphasizing that all kinds of objective conditions and many factors are not comparable to the subjective conditions of people and the "harmony between people" factor in the war, and it is people rather than things that determine the outcome of the war.
The comparative argument is extremely impressive. The sentence patterns are similar, and the tone is very positive, no doubt.
2. How did the author put forward the central argument?