The development history of Taoism and tea culture
The real Taoists taste tea with a love for life and a sense of transcendence, thus endowing China tea culture with an ethereal and quiet artistic conception. Ye Li, Shi Jianwu, Yan Lu Dong Bin, Zheng Ao and Gao Dao Du Guangting were all good at tea ceremony in the Five Dynasties. Ye Li, a female Taoist, lived around 756 AD. Her real name was Ji Lan and her name was Wu Xingren. She was good at Qin poetry, and at the same time, she was closely related to Confucian scholars, famous monks and tea people at that time, especially to Lu Yu and Jiao Ran. Thus, she was probably a member of the literati tea drinking group centered on Yan Zhenqing, Lu Yu and Jiao Ran. In her association with Lu Yu, a tea sage, she often answers with poems. In The Whole Tang Poetry, there is a poem by Ye Li, which shows her close relationship with Cha Sheng Lu Yu, thus forming a much-told story in the history of tea. Some scholars believe that there is every reason to say that this high monk Jiao Ran, a Ye Li and a Confucian hermit Lu Yu created the pattern of tea ceremony in the Tang Dynasty.
Tea is a nuisance, and wine is your trouble. ? This is a famous tea chant by the famous Taoist Shi Jianwu. Shoulder my words Xi Sheng,no. Dongzhai, Fenshui, is now from Tonglu, Zhejiang. In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe, he was a scholar in 820. Because of his sinister career, he lived in seclusion in Xishan, Nanchang, and was known as Huayang Real Man. He is very good at drinking tea, and has written many tea poems, three of which are recorded in Complete Tang Poetry alone. His poem "Spring Ji" says: Spend a thousand slices on frying tea and a bottle of wine in the guest pavilion. Lonely about spring, Taoist Luo Fu suddenly knocked at the door. ? The habit of using flowers to cook tea in the Tang Dynasty recorded in the poem can be used as an important historical material to study the origin of scented tea.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Taoist Zheng Ao 866? In 939, the word Yunsao was born in hua county, Henan. He tried many times to be a scholar, so he lived in seclusion in the mountains as a Taoist priest, and he was called "three scholars" with Taoist friends Li Daoyin and Luo Yin. He likes drinking and drinking tea. Taste and drink poems of 1,200 words, which are widely read. His poems about drinking tea are also quite famous. Its "Tea Poetry" cloud:? The tender buds are fragrant and spiritual, which I call grass and English. Night mortar smoke rammer, cold stove cooking snow. But I am worried that the powder is scattered, and green peanuts are common. The most important thing is to cherish it, it can make you sleep clearly. ? The poet described the whole process from pounding tea, making tea, grinding tea to making tea and drinking tea in concise language, showing an ancient, elegant, lonely and cold Taoist tea rhyme. Even Yan Lu, one of the eight famous mountains in folklore, has tea poems handed down from generation to generation. I'm afraid he is also a person who can't live without tea. Lv Yan 798? Yan Ke, whose name is Dong Bin and whose name is Chunyangzi, is said to be from Jingzhao, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, and from Hezhongfu, Yongji, Shaanxi. In Huichang, the scholar was not the first. He wandered in the Jianghu. When he met Zhong Liquan, he was awarded the alchemy. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, they retired to Zhong Nanshan with their families, and then disappeared. His poems are widely circulated among the people, and the whole Tang poetry is a series of four volumes. "Dayun Temple Tea Poetry" says: Jade Ruins can be made instantly, and monks make great efforts to make laws. Rabbit hair is light and fragrant, and shrimp eye soup is delicate, full and wavy. Send the sandman away from several seats and replenish fresh air to the skin. The quiet shrub has fallen from the brook rock and refused to move its roots into the capital. ? The poem praises the monk's skill in making tea, the elegance of tea set, the wonderful cooking point and the wonderful effect, which shows the natural and free state of Taoist tea drinking.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, Bai Yuchan, the actual founder of Nanzong and a Taoist theorist, liked drinking tea very much and got the true meaning of tea ceremony. Bai Yuchan 1 194? 1229, formerly known as Ge Changgeng, whose name is Ruhui, is Haiqiongzi, a native of Qiongshan, Hainan. His family is well-off, he can write poetry and fu, and he is good at painting and calligraphy. Because Ren Xia was killed, he fled to Wuyishan, studied under Chen Nan, and studied Neidan. Later, it was called one of the five ancestors of the southern Sect of Taoism, and the court gave it a title? Purple Muslim? . Bai Yuchan's novel Tea Song, with 48 rhymes and more than 300 words, is widely read. The more famous one is Shuidiao? Tea:? It rained in February and thundered last night. Guns and flags compete for exhibitions, and Jian Xi leads the way in spring. Take the parrot's skill of learning to talk, pound it with smoke, and refine it with purple and gold piles. Infinitely broken incense, flying green dust. Draw the Spring Festival, cook a live fire and try the future. Put down the rabbit hair, tongue aftertaste. Wake up Qingzhou, fight back against the sandman by millions, and never dream of a balcony. There is a breeze under my arm and I want to go to Penglai. ? In this poem, the author vividly describes the Taoist's mood of enjoying himself and enjoying this life when drinking tea.
Quanzhen Qizi? Ma Yu's tea ci is the pioneering work of Taoist tea literature, and it is also quite representative in Taoist tea literature. Ma Yu, formerly known as Yi Zi, was later renamed Yu Zi, a native of Shaanxi. Jin Zhenyuan was a scholar, and later he studied Taoism from Wang Zhongyang. After Wang Zhongyang's death, he took charge of Quanzhen religion. He is in a song "Si Long Ren? What is written by tea? One stick of tea, two flags of tea, don't give up, famous. Sleepless is a job. Wuwei tea, natural tea, God-given meditation Taoism, sleepless work. ? Another song "Xijiang Moon" is also very clever: in the snow by the river, there are strange spirits. Yellow bud grass is subtle, especially fragrant and beautiful. Grind the jade gently and boil the water properly. Shandong took a sip and went to Yaochi, so as not to let Lutong know the taste. ? The meaning of these two words boils down to one point, that is to say, the family pays attention to being close to nature and quietism, and advocates starting from the purpose of cultivating immortality, keeping in good health and prolonging life, driving the sandman with tea, increasing the skill, and finally meeting the fairy in the fairy jade pool.
After the Tang Dynasty, a large number of tea literature works, such as literati tea poems, were deeply branded with Taoist culture to varying degrees. Especially in the history of tea culture in Tang and Song Dynasties, most of the most influential tea poems, which were handed down from generation to generation, showed traces of being deeply influenced by Taoism. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Gao Sangjiao ran said: People in Dan Qiuyu despise jade food and live on tea. ? Tea Song has a saying about children's Tea Song:? Six bowls of faeries. I can't eat seven bowls, but I feel the wind blowing under my arm. Penglai Mountain, where is it? Yuchuanzi wants to ride this cool breeze home. Immortals descended from the mountains, occupying a lofty position and being isolated from wind and rain. ? Song dynasty mei's poem:? I also want the breeze to have two armpits and blow away from the moon wheel. ? "Tea is polite" Fan Zhongyan also has a similar description in his poem:? Shang Shan's husband Hugh Ruzhi and Shouyang's husband Hugh Cai Wei. The price of Chang 'an wine has dropped by one million yuan, and the Chengdu drug market has no light. Not as good as a fairy mountain, so Ling Ran wants to fly with the wind. ? These wonderful poems, full of Taoist sentiment, all show the poet's pursuit of immortality and love for life, and have an extraordinary, ethereal and quiet beauty. It can be considered that Taoism or Taoism's influence on tea culture is not only reflected in the formation of tea drinking customs in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, but also in the development of tea culture after Tang and Song Dynasties. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the deepening of the political and economic crisis in China's feudal society, the feudal rulers exercised stricter control over religion, and Taoist culture tended to weaken. However, the influence of Taoism on tea culture has not weakened, but has made new progress in the depth and breadth of its influence.
The Influence of Taoist Thought on Tea Culture
China tea culture has absorbed the essence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, and all the important schools of thought in China have made great contributions. Confucianism discovered the great principles of appreciating scenery and complaining, resting and ruling peace from the tea ceremony, which was used to express its political and social views. Buddhists appreciate the bitterness and quietness of tea, and use tea to help Zen and realize nature. Taoism, on the other hand, practices the view of ethereal nature. Even, Mozi's thought was absorbed, Mozi advocated truth, China tea culture combined ideological spirit with material, and tea people in past dynasties studied the performance and production of tea very concretely. Perhaps this is the formal embodiment of Mohism's view of seeking truth.
Some people say that Confucianism mainly plays a political role in China tea culture. What does it provide? Tea gift? ; Taoism mainly plays with the artistic realm, which should be called? Tea art? ; And only Buddhist tea culture can be derived from tea? Understand the bitterness and get the right path? Can you call it? Tea ceremony? .
In fact, every family has its own difficult classics, techniques and Taoism. Confucianism says:? Good road, the world is fair? The tea man said:? The essence of tea is shared among friends? . Taoism says:? Tao, Tao, extraordinary Tao? . But one stresses performance, the other stresses immanence, and the exterior and interior complement each other. It's all Tao, righteousness and skill. Ancient Taoist thought is quite close to Zhuangzi's philosophy, so people often put Lao He Zhuang together. From the view of nature and cosmology, China tea culture is deeply influenced by Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts, emphasizing the unity of nature and man, and the unity of things and me, which provides a source for tea people to create the aesthetic artistic conception of drinking tea. Cha Sheng Lu Yu first studied the natural principle of tea, not only the material function of tea, but also the spiritual function of tea. The so-called spiritual function is not only because tea can refresh the mind, but also because making tea, making tea and tasting tea itself are regarded as an artistic activity. As an art, it has beauty, artistic conception and even philosophy.
In China, Confucianism and Taoism often permeate and complement each other. Confucianism advocates? A way to relax? ,? A gentleman can bend and stretch? If conditions permit, we will actively strive for it. If there is resistance, we will turn a corner and retreat to the mountains. So, Taoist? Avoid the world? 、? Doing nothing? , just reflects the flexible side of China culture, can be said to be a supplement to Confucianism. China tea culture embodies the complementary relationship between Confucianism and Taoism. Generally speaking, Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts focus on a larger space, so-called? Doing nothing? , just for? Have a future? ; Soft, you can also make progress. Shui Rou, to conceive the mountain embankment; Warner water can only be filled when the pot is empty.