Top, the meaning of top, the latest11g101. When the superstructure of a building adopts frame structure or single-layer bent structure to bear load, the foundation often adopts cylindrical and polygonal independent foundation, which is called independent foundation, also known as separated foundation. There are three kinds of independent foundations: stepped foundation, sloping foundation and cup foundation.

Independent foundation is an unreinforced or reinforced foundation under the whole or local structure. Generally refers to the structural column foundation, high chimney, water tower foundation and other forms.

The common cross-sectional forms of independent foundation are ladder, cone and cup. Materials are usually reinforced concrete, plain concrete, etc. Cast-in-place column, independent foundation and column pouring together; When precast columns, the foundation is usually made into a cup shape, and then the column is inserted and embedded in fine stone concrete, which is called cup foundation at this time.

The first characteristic of independent foundation is that it is generally located at the intersection of a horizontal axis, and sometimes it is connected with other strip foundations, but the section size and reinforcement are different. If an independent foundation is located at the intersection of several axes and has several independent columns, it is called a joint independent foundation.

The second characteristic of independent foundation: the reinforcement in both vertical and horizontal directions inside the foundation is strengthened, and the long direction is generally arranged below.

The height-width ratio of independent foundation (independent pile cap) is less than 3 times, and the bottom area is less than 20 m2.