be born in troubled times
Bai Juyi was born in the first month of the seventh year of Tang Daizong Dali (772), a small and medium-sized bureaucratic family in Xinzheng, Henan. Shortly after Bai Juyi was born, a war broke out in his hometown. Li Fanzhen is divided into more than ten states in Henan, and the people have suffered from war. When Bai Juyi was two years old, his grandfather died in Chang 'an, Gongxian County, and then his grandmother died. Bai Juyi's father, Bai, was originally a magistrate of Pengcheng County, Xuzhou (780) and was appointed by the secretariat of Songzhou. A year later, Bai and Li Yan, the secretariat of Xuzhou, insisted on Xuzhou's meritorious service and were promoted to Xuzhou's secretariat. In order to avoid the war in Xuzhou, he sent his family to live in Fuli, Suzhou. Bai Juyi was able to spend his childhood in Suzhou R&F. [4] ? Bai Juyi, on the other hand, is brilliant and studies very hard. When he was reading, his mouth was sore, his hands were calluses, and his hair was all white at a young age.
Official life
In 806, Bai Juyi went to school as a bookseller. In April of the same year, he was awarded the commandant of Guo County (now zhouzhi county). In 807, he served as an examiner of Jinshi and a captain of Jixian County, and was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. In 808, he was left to tidy up the body and welcomed Yang Yuqing's sister as his wife. In 8 10, he was transferred to the household department of Jingzhao House and joined the army. In 8 1 10, his mother Chen died, leaving Ding You behind and returning to her post. In 8 14, he returned to Chang' an and awarded Prince Zuo Zanshan as a doctor.
Bai Juyi thought that he had been appreciated and promoted by the emperor who loved literature, so he hoped to repay him by doing his duty as an official. So he wrote frequently and wrote many poems reflecting social reality, hoping to make up for the current situation and even point out the emperor's mistakes in person. Bai Juyi's words in the book were accepted, but his words were very direct, which made Tang Xianzong feel unhappy and complained to Li Jiang: "Bai Juyi's boy, I got promoted and was rude to me. I really can't stand it. " Li Jiang thought this was Bai Juyi's loyalty, but advised Xianzong to be open and honest.
Be demoted to Jiangzhou
In 8 15, prime minister Wu was assassinated, and Bai Juyi advocated that it was considered ultra vires to crack down on the murderer. Later, Bai Juyi was slandered: his mother fell into a well to see flowers and died, but Bai Juyi wrote poems about "appreciating flowers" and "new wells", which was detrimental to the famous religion. Therefore, he was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Sima. In 8 18, Bai Juyi's younger brother Bai Xingjian went to Jiangzhou to see Bai Juyi. When Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Zhongzhou, Bai Xingjian also went upstream with his brother. On the way, I met Yuan Zhen in Huangniuxia. The place where the three of them swam together was called Sanyou Cave. During his tenure in Zhongzhou, Bai Juyi planted flowers on the east hillside of Zhongzhou and named this place "Dongpo". In the winter of the same year, he was appointed as the secretariat of Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Chongqing) and took office on 8 19. In the summer of 820, he was recalled to Chang 'an and served as a foreign minister of Shangshu Division.
Although Bai Juyi's mother died because she saw flowers falling into the well, Bai Juyi had many poems about flowers, and according to the records of the Song Dynasty, Xinjing poems were written around the first year of Yuanhe (Xinjing poems have been lost today), which shows that this matter cannot constitute a charge. The main reason for his demotion is probably related to his writing satires and offending those in power. Jiangzhou is a turning point in Bai Juyi's life: before that, he aimed at "helping the poor" and hoped to make useful contributions to the people of the whole country; Since then, he has gradually turned to "independence." Although he still cares about the people, he has made it clear that his actions have not been in vain. However, although Bai Juyi was frustrated in Jiangzhou, he was able to live a peaceful life on the whole. He once built a thatched cottage in the north of Lushan incense burner peak and made friends with local monks.
Working in Suzhou and Hangzhou
In the winter of 820, he was transferred to be the guest of honor, doctor. In 82 1 year, doctor Jia Chaosan began to formally wear a five-level scarlet robe (scarlet is the color of vermilion, which is used by officials above five levels). Go to Zhu Guo, and then go to Zhongshu Sheren. In 822, Bai Juyi wrote that the military in Hebei at that time was not adopted and requested to work in other places. In July, he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, and he took office at 65438+ 10. During his tenure, he built the West Lake levee and dredged six wells, all of which made achievements. In May of 824, he was appointed as the son of Prince Zuo Shu, divided the capital into the East, and went to Luoyang in autumn to buy a house in Luoyang. In 825, he served as Suzhou secretariat and took office in May. He left his job due to illness in 826, and then traveled to Yangzhou and Chuzhou with Liu Yuxi.
When he was in charge of the secretariat of Hangzhou, he saw that six ancient wells in Hangzhou were in disrepair for a long time, so he presided over the dredging of these six wells to solve the drinking water problem of Hangzhou people. Seeing that the West Lake silted up farmland and was dry, we built dikes to store water for irrigation and to reduce the harm caused by drought, and wrote "The Stone of Qiantang Lake", which engraved the policies, methods and precautions of lake water management on the lake for future generations to know, which had a great influence on the later lake water management in Hangzhou. Before Bai Juyi left office, he left an official salary in the state treasury as the turnover fund for the later management officials in Hangzhou, and then made up the original amount afterwards. When the fund operated to Huang Chao Rebellion, Huang Chao arrived in Hangzhou, the documents were burned and the fund disappeared.
The West Lake has Bai Causeway, and willows are planted on both sides. Later generations mistakenly thought that this was a levee built by Bai Juyi and called it Baigong Dike. In fact, this "Bai Causeway" existed before Bai Juyi came to Hangzhou. At that time, it was called "Baishadi" and it was in Bai Juyi's poems.
When Bai Juyi was in Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen was also transferred from the prime minister to an observer in eastern Zhejiang. East Zhejiang and Hangzhou are not far apart, so there are many poems between them. When Bai Juyi left Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen asked Bai Juyi to hand over all his works and compile them into 50 volumes of Bai Juyi's Changqing Collection.
During his tenure in Suzhou, Bai Juyi dug a seven-mile long road from Tiger Hill in the west, Shantang River in Nagato in the east and Shantang River in Suzhou in the north, which was called "Qili Shantang" or "Shantang Street" for short.
Old age life
In 827, Bai Juyi went to Chang 'an as a secretary supervisor, fitted with a purple fish bag and put on purple court clothes (clothes worn by officials with more than three products). In 828, he was transferred to assistant minister of punishments and was stationed in Jinyang County. In the spring of 829, due to illness, he was taught by the Prince and returned to Luoyang to perform in the Taoist temple. In February 65438+830, he served as Henan Yin. 83 1 Yuan Zhen died in July. In 832, he wrote an epitaph for Yuan Zhen, and the Yuan family gave Bai Juyi 600,000 to 700,000, and Bai Juyi gave it all to Xiangshan Temple in Luoyang. In 833, due to illness, he was exempted from Henan Yin, and later served as the Prince Guest Company. In 835, he was appointed minister of the same state and resigned from his post. Later, he was appointed as the eastern capital of the Prince Division of Shaofu, and was appointed as the marquis of Fengyi County, and stayed in Luoyang. 65438+839 10 month, got wind disease. In 84 1 year, the prince was dismissed without pay. In 842, he became an official of the minister of punishments, receiving half salary.
Bai Juyi's life in his later years mostly reflected his philosophy of "poverty and loneliness" with a "leisurely life". In 844, 73-year-old Bai Juyi paid to dig the stone beach around Longmen, which hindered the navigation of the ship. After the completion of the work, he wrote a poem "Two Stone Beaches in the Eighth Section of Longmen" as a souvenir, which still embodies his outlook on life of "helping the world and achieving the goal".
Bai Juyi spent most of his later years in Luoyang, singing with Liu Yuxi and often traveling in Longmen. Self-report "Chapter on the Pool" and "Biography of Mr. Drunk Sound". In 845, 74-year-old Bai Juyi still held the "seven old Meeting" in Ludi, attended by Gao Hu, Ji Jiao, Zheng Zhi, Serina Liu, Lu Zhen, Zhang and Bai Juyi. In the summer of the same year, Li Ruman, a monk from seven old, joined forces to draw a picture of Nine Old Pictures. Bai Juyi believed in Buddhism in his later years and was named a Buddhist in Xiangshan. He is a disciple of the monk Ruman.
Luoyang died peacefully.
Bai Juyi died in Luoyang on August 14th (September 8th) in the 6th year of Wuzong Huichang (846) at the age of 75. Gifted by the right servant of Shangshu, posthumous title was buried in Xiangshan, Luoyang. After Bai Juyi's death, Li Chen wrote a poem to mourn him. The poem said, "Who taught Ming Lu to be a poet for sixty years?" Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article was full of people's ears, and I was once sad. Author of Bai Changqing's Collected Works, with 7 1 volume.
The Everlasting Regret
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
The emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire, has been in office for many years, searching and never finding it. Until a child of the Yang family grew up in the inner room, almost before she grew up, and no one knew her.
However, due to the gift of heaven and no concealment, it was finally elected royal one day. If she just turned her head and smiled, there were a hundred spells, and the powder and paint of six palaces disappeared without a trace.
It was early spring. They let her bathe in a pure pool to warm and smooth her creamy skin. Because she was tired, a maid lifted her up, when the emperor noticed her for the first time and chose her as his bride.
On the night of spring, the warm hibiscus curtains covered her fluttering hair, petals on her cheeks and golden ripples on her head. But the night in spring is short and the sun rises too fast. Since then, the emperor has given up his early hearing.
He wastes all his time on parties and revelry. He is the lover of spring and the tyrant of night. There are other ladies in his court, 3,000 of whom are stunning beauties, but his love for 3,000 is concentrated on one person.
The golden house is dressed up to serve the night. When the table in the jade tower is cleaned, she will wander around and drink wine slowly. Sisters and brothers are in this country because she illuminates and glorifies her family.
When a girl is born instead of a boy, she brings happiness to every father and mother in the empire. ... high rose plum palace, into the blue clouds, and the wide breeze carries magical notes.
Soft songs and slow dances, strings and bamboo music, the emperor's eyes will never stare at her. Until the sound of drums came from Yuyang, which shook the earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feather clothes.
The Forbidden City, a nine-story palace, is hidden in the dust and travels southwest from thousands of chariots and horses. The imperial flag opened the way, suddenly moving and stopping, 30 miles from the capital and passing the west gate.
People in the army stop, and no one will move until they are under their hooves. They may trample on those moths. The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird.
The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears. Hidden in the yellow dust blown by the cold wind, they crossed a cloud line at the crack in the path of the dagger tower.
Under Emei Mountain. The last few came, and the flags and banners lost their colors in the fading sun. But the water in Shu is always green and the mountains are always blue, so your majesty's love is constant and deeper than the sky.
He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, and he heard the rain at dusk, cutting his chest. Heaven and earth in last contact, the dragon car comes home, and the emperor never leaves.
The memory and pain are buried in the soil of Maweipo. Where is her white face? . Rulers and lords, when their eyes met, cried on their coats. They rode horses, loosened the reins and slowly returned to the capital.
Pond, garden, palace, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow. But the petals are like her face, and the willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? .
Peach and plum trees are in bloom. In the spring wind, after the autumn rain, the leaves fall to the ground. The palaces in the west and south are scattered with evening grass, and the steps are piled with red leaves that are not swept.
Bai Fuxin, a disciple of Li Yuan, and eunuchs in her pepper yard. . Fireflies were flying on the throne, and he was meditating in the twilight. , he will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep. ..
Bells and drums will slowly ring the long night, and before dawn, the Milky Way in the sky will become clear. And the porcelain mandarin ducks on the roof grow thick morning frost, and the jade is cold, so who and who * * *.
The distance between life and death is year after year, but no beloved soul has visited his dream. There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong. He was a guest in the sky and could summon the gods through his concentration.
People were moved by the emperor's constant meditation, and they begged the Taoist priest to see if he could find her. He opened a path in space, like lightning, cut through the sky, up and down, looking for it everywhere.
Above, he looked for the green void, below, the yellow spring, but he didn't find the one he was looking for in two places. Then he heard a narrative about the magical island at sea, and the mountains were in nothingness.
There are pavilions in the five-color sky, and exquisite immortals walk back and forth. And one of them, they call it forever true, has a face like her snow and flowers.
So he came to the golden gate of the West Hall, knocked on the Jasper Gate, and asked a girl named Small jade to tell the perfect person. This lady, after hearing the news of Emperor China's envoy, woke up from her dream in her canopy.
She pushed open the pillow, got dressed, shook off her drowsiness, opened the pearly curtain, and then opened the silver screen. Because she left in such a hurry, her muddy hair ornaments hung aside, and when she came along the platform, her flowered hat was loose.
A breeze blew her cloak and fluttered with her movements, as if she were dancing with a rainbow skirt and feather coat. Tears fell from her sad pale face, just like the spring rain on pear flowers.
But when she asked him to thank her monarch, her eyes shone with love. Since they separated, her form and voice were unfamiliar to her. Because happiness ends in the courtyard of the sun, the moon and dawn become long in the palace of Xianshan.
But when she turned to look down at the earth and tried to see the capital, there was only fog and dust. He expressed his love for the old man and sent him back a shell box and gold hairpin through his special envoy.
However, one branch of the hairpin and one side of the box were kept, and the gold of the hairpin and the shell of the box were broken. "Our souls belong to each other," she said, "just like this gold and this shell." Somewhere, at some time, on earth or in heaven, we will be together.
She sent him a message through his messenger, reminding him that only the hearts of the two of them knew the oath. On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world.
We hope to fly in heaven, two birds become one, grow on the earth, two branches of a tree ... the earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever.
Spring outing in Qiantang Lake
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
Grass/Fude Guyuan Grass Farewell
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
The long grass is so lush that the withered grass will thicken the color of the grass every autumn and winter.
Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it.
Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey.
I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.
Yi Jiangnan Jiangnan Hao
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
The scenery in Jiangnan is very beautiful, and the picturesque scenery has long been familiar. When spring comes, the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the river are brighter than red, and the green river is greener than the blue grass. How can we make people not miss Jiangnan?
An old man selling charcoal
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
An old man selling charcoal cuts wood and burns charcoal in the mountains in the south all year round.
His face was covered with dust, which was the color of smoke burning, his temples were gray, and his ten fingers were burnt black.
What is the money for selling charcoal for? Buy clothes, buy food in your mouth.
Pity that he is wearing thin clothes, but he is worried that charcoal can't be sold, hoping it will be colder.
At night, it snowed a foot thick outside the city. Early in the morning, the old man drove a charcoal wheel to the market.
Cows are tired and people are hungry, but the sun has risen very high. They are resting in the mud outside the south gate of the market.
Who is that proud man riding on two horses? It was the eunuchs in the palace and eunuchs who did it.
The eunuch, with documents in his hand and the emperor's orders in his mouth, shouted at the petrified palace.
A load of charcoal, more than 1000 kilograms, eunuch attendants to drive away, the old man is helpless, but there is no way.
Those people put half a piece of red yarn and a piece of silk on their heads as the price of charcoal.