suffer sunstroke
First aid method
1, when there are signs of heatstroke, evacuate the high temperature environment immediately. Rest quietly in the shade and replenish salty drinks.
2. Carry the patient to a cool place or an air-conditioned room to cool down, rest on his back, and untie or take off his clothes.
3. Wipe the whole body with a towel soaked in wet water and constantly rub the limbs and skin.
4, such as cooling treatment can't alleviate the condition, promptly sent to the hospital for treatment.
prohibit
Don't eat a lot of cold fruits and vegetables. Most patients with heatstroke have weak spleen and stomach. Eating a lot of cold food will further damage the yang of the spleen and stomach, and in severe cases, there will be symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Matters needing attention
1, people are very weak after heatstroke. In the recovery process, the diet should be light and easy to digest. Supplement necessary nutrients, such as water, salt, calories, vitamins, protein, etc.
Don't drink a lot of water at a time after heatstroke. Patients with heatstroke should drink a small amount of water many times, preferably not more than 300 ml each time.
3, eat less greasy food to adapt to the digestive ability of the stomach in summer.
2. Abdominal pain
First aid method
1. Keep the patient quiet. Taking prone position can relieve abdominal pain. You can press the abdomen properly with both hands to relieve the pain.
2. Let the patient lie on the bed, curl his legs, bend his knees and relax his abdomen. If the abdomen is stiff and tender, press the painful part with your fingers and then suddenly raise your hand.
prohibit
Abdominal pain of any nature is not edible. After the symptoms are relieved, only eat liquid or semi-liquid food, not spicy food.
Matters needing attention
1, abdominal pain with fever often suggests infection, so antibiotics should be used in time and in moderation.
2. Before the abdominal pain is severe and the cause is unknown, use analgesics with caution and avoid using morphine, croft and other drugs.
3. Do not use laxatives, drugs that stimulate intestinal peristalsis and enema for surgical diseases, so as not to aggravate the pain and worsen the condition.
4, for chronic intermittent abdominal pain, can not be taken lightly,
5, can not alleviate, persistent or severe abdominal pain should be hospitalized, find out the reason, timely treatment.
headache
First aid method
1, let the patient stay in bed in the clean room, and keep the indoor air circulating, drink more boiled water and input liquid or semi-liquid food.
2. No matter where the migraine is located, you can apply a cold towel or a hot towel on your forehead to relieve the pain.
3. When the headache is unbearable, pressing the acupoints such as Sun and Hegu on the left and right sides with both hands and fingers can usually relieve the headache.
4, painkillers are usually effective for headaches, but it is necessary to observe whether taking painkillers will cover up the condition, and pay attention to allergic skin rash.
prohibit
Avoid eating greasy fried food; You can eat light semi-liquid food, scallion, ginger and hot soup noodles, coriander and minced meat porridge and other foods that disperse and solve the table. Keep the indoor air fresh and the temperature and humidity appropriate to prevent patients from blowing directly.
Matters needing attention
1, you can drink a cup of hot milk or a small bowl of hot porridge, cover the quilt and lie still and rest.
2, mild headache can take painkillers without rest. If you have a bad headache, you must stay in bed. The environment should be quiet and the indoor light should be soft. In addition, we should also pay attention to observe whether the patient is conscious and whether there are symptoms such as facial, mouth and eye deviation.
burn
First aid method
Once scalded, immediately wash the scalded area with running water or apply cold compress with a cold towel. If the burn area is large, the injured person should soak his whole body in a bathtub filled with cold water. Gauze or bandage can be loosely wrapped around the scald to protect the wound.
prohibit
You can't treat burns with ice. Ice will damage the damaged skin and make the wound worse. Don't puncture the blister, or you will leave a scar. Don't casually apply antibiotic ointment or grease to the wound, these sticky substances are easy to get dirty.
Matters needing attention
Third-degree burns, electric shock burns and chemical burns must go to the hospital for medical treatment. In addition, if the patient has cough, watery eyes or difficulty breathing, he needs the help of a professional doctor. If the second degree burn area is larger than the palm, the patient should also go to the hospital. Professional treatment can avoid leaving scars.
wrench
First aid method
Within 24 hours after sprain, try to apply ice packs for half an hour every other hour. Wrap the injured part with elastic pressure bandage and pad the injured part. After 24 hours, the affected area was replaced by hot compress to promote blood circulation in the injured area.
prohibit
You can't move the injured joint at will, otherwise it will easily cause ligament tear, which is relatively more difficult to recover.
Matters needing attention
If after a few days of self-treatment and rest, the affected area is still painful and inconvenient to move, then it may be a fracture, muscle strain or ligament rupture, and you need to go to the hospital immediately.
develop a cramp
First aid method
1, which can help patients massage or stretch the affected muscles and relieve their pain. Pull repeatedly until the symptoms are relieved.
2. After the cramp is relieved, if there is still pain, you can use a hot water bottle or hot towel locally, or take a hot bath.
3, change to sit, straighten the cramped leg, hold the forefoot with your hand, endure the pain and rotate the ankle joint of the cramped leg outward, and the pain stops.
Matters needing attention
1, pay attention to diet, drive away cold and keep warm. Eat more meat, eggs, sweets, and moderate intake of fat, protein and other substances to increase the body's calories, which can effectively reduce cramps.
2. Avoid swimming when you are hungry or tired. When you are hungry and tired, you are prone to hypoglycemia, but when you swim in a state of hypoglycemia or fatigue, your muscles will cramp when stimulated by cold water.
3. If the cramp persists and the cause is unknown, you need to go to the hospital for examination to find out the potential cause.
7. After being stung by a bee, local symptoms such as pain, redness, numbness, etc. can heal themselves after a few hours; A few people have symptoms of systemic poisoning, and blisters appear at the stab wounds.
First aid method
1, if it is a bee sting, its venom is mostly acidic, which can be smeared with 10% ammonia or soapy water; If stung by a wasp, its venom is alkaline and can be coated with 5% acetic acid. It can relieve pain.
After being stung by a bee, its poisonous needle will stay in the skin. You must use a sterile needle to remove the broken thorn in the meat, then hold the stabbed part hard and suck it repeatedly with your mouth to suck out the toxin. If there is no medicine around for the time being, you can wash the affected area with soapy water and then apply some vinegar or lemon.
3. In case of shock, pay attention to keep the stung person breathing smoothly while waiting for the emergency center to rescue or send him to the hospital, and carry out artificial respiration, heart massage and other emergency treatment.
8. Pet bites
First aid method
After being scratched or bitten by a cat or dog, the wound should be treated immediately. First, put on a tourniquet (handkerchief, rope, etc.). Above the wound, prevent or reduce the virus from flowing into the whole body with blood.
1, quickly clean the wound with clean water or soapy water, and thoroughly clean the wound. Don't bandage the wound.
2, quickly sent to the hospital for treatment, rabies vaccine and tetanus antitoxin injection within 24 hours.
prohibit
When you have a wound, don't have close contact with your pet, in case your pet's saliva pollutes the wound.
Matters needing attention
When children are in close contact with dogs, cats and other pets, they should pay special attention to:
1, don't suddenly frighten animals, animals will have a stress reaction.
When the dog smells the smell around you, don't panic, stand still.
Don't lift your feet and kick the dog when it is chasing you. The effective way is to stop and pretend to bend down to pick up a stone and hit it.
4. When stroking the pet, palm down and slowly approach it. If the palm is up, the pet will think you want to hit it.
9. Brain injury
First aid method
If you have a bag on your head, applying an ice pack to the affected area can reduce edema. If the head begins to bleed after being smashed, the treatment is the same as being cut, that is, use a clean towel to hold the wound to stop bleeding, and then go to the hospital to sew the wound and check whether there is internal injury. If the injured person faints, you need to call an ambulance and take it to the hospital without delay.
prohibit
Don't let the injured person sleep alone. Within 24 hours of being smashed, someone must accompany the injured. If the injured person is asleep, wake the injured person every three hours and ask the injured person to answer a few simple questions to ensure that the injured person is not in a coma and has no intracranial injury, such as concussion.
Matters needing attention
When the injured person has convulsions, dizziness, vomiting, nausea or obvious abnormal behavior, he needs to be admitted to hospital immediately.
10. Food poisoning
First aid method
1. If the eating time is one to two hours ago, you can stimulate the pharynx with chopsticks or fingers to help induce vomiting and expel toxins as soon as possible.
2, if eating poisoned food for more than two hours, but in good spirits, you can take laxatives to promote the excretion of poisoned food as soon as possible.
3. Drink plenty of water to dilute the toxin concentration.
4. If food poisoning is caused by eating spoiled fish, shrimp, crabs, etc. Take vinegar 100 ml, add 200 ml of water, and take it once after dilution.
Matters needing attention
1, when buying and eating packaged food, pay attention to check the food production date, shelf life and production unit.
2, raw and cooked separately when processing and storing, overnight food must be heated and cooked before eating.
Pay attention to washing hands before cooking and eating. Wash your hands again after touching raw fish, meat and poultry.
4. If you have symptoms of food poisoning such as vomiting and diarrhea after eating, you should treat yourself immediately.
1 1. Gas poisoning
First aid method
In mild poisoning, the patient feels dizzy, weak, nausea, vomiting and pallor. Severe poisoning can lead to dyspnea, convulsions and coma.
The first aid method is to open the doors and windows immediately, move the patient to the air circulation place, unbutton the patient's clothes to make him breathe smoothly, and keep warm to prevent pneumonia. Give him hot tea, take a deep breath, and send him to the hospital for emergency treatment. There is no relief.
12. Alcoholism
First aid method
For people with mild poisoning, stop him from drinking first; Secondly, you can find some pears, horseshoes, watermelons and other fruits to sober him up; You can also stimulate your throat (such as using chopsticks). ) cause vomiting reflex, spit out the stomach contents such as wine as soon as possible (this method is not suitable for patients who have fallen asleep), then arrange him to stay in bed, pay attention to keep warm, and pay attention to avoid vomiting blocking the respiratory tract; Observe breathing and pulse. If there is nothing special, you can recover yourself as soon as you wake up. If the patient still has rapid pulse, slow breathing, cold skin and irritability after bed rest, he should be sent to the hospital immediately for treatment.
Severe acute alcoholism can cause irritability, lethargy, dehydration, convulsion, shock, weak breathing and other symptoms, and should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.
Matters needing attention
Coffee and strong tea are not suitable for hangover.
13. Fishbone stings the throat
First aid method
1. Stimulate the posterior pharyngeal wall with fingers or chopsticks to induce vomiting to help eliminate foreign bodies in the pharynx.
2. Perform abdominal compression (if the patient is pregnant or obese, perform chest compression). If the patient can't stand, put it flat on a solid plane, straddle the patient's leg, push the abdomen five times, and then check whether the foreign body coughs up.
3. If you find a foreign body, you can clamp it with long tweezers or chopsticks and gently pull it out.
Matters needing attention
1, large or deep fishbone, no matter how you swallow it, the pain will not be relieved. If there are no fishbones around the throat and entrance, you should go to the hospital for treatment.
2. When the fishbone is stuck in the throat, patients should not be allowed to swallow large pieces of steamed bread, pancakes and other foods. Although sometimes the fishbone can be removed by this method, sometimes this improper treatment method not only fails to remove the fishbone, but also makes the fishbone deeper and more difficult to remove. In severe cases, infection and inflammation are more troublesome.
3. I still feel uncomfortable because I can't get the fishbone off. Going to the hospital to see a doctor for treatment is also the most appropriate way to deal with fishbone stab wounds.
14 acute pneumonia
The incidence of pneumonia is high, and the mortality is also high. Should not be taken lightly.
Pneumonia is characterized by fever, cough, aversion to cold, chest pain, sweating or expectoration. A sudden or slow attack. The precursor of the disease is mild upper respiratory tract infection, and sudden onset is often accompanied by fever. Early body temperature is between 38-39℃, and it can be as high as 40℃, which is mostly loose or irregular.
First aid method
1, supplement vitamins and protein, drink plenty of water and eat several times to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.
2. Give oxygen in time when lack of oxygen. The most commonly used nasal vestibule catheter continues to inhale oxygen until the hypoxia improves.
3, cough with phlegm, do not abuse antitussive drugs, because suppressing cough is not conducive to phlegm.
4, critically ill patients, especially those with unstable blood pressure, must be sent to hospital for treatment.
Matters needing attention
1, according to the condition, reasonable oxygen therapy. Ensure that the intravenous infusion is smooth and there is no overflow. If necessary, set the central venous pressure to know the blood volume.
2. Provide a nutritious diet and encourage drinking more water. People with severe illness and high fever should adopt a light and digestible semi-liquid diet.
3, pay attention to ensure adequate sleep and proper rest, increase bed rest time during the day, adjust diet, and ensure adequate energy intake.
4. Pay attention to drink plenty of water, at least two liters a day. If there is fever, it needs to be increased on this basis. Keep the indoor temperature and humidity appropriate, the air fresh, and avoid physical and chemical stimulation of respiratory tract.
Angina pectoris 15
First aid method
1, stop all activities, calm down, and stand and rest in place without lying down, so as not to increase the blood flow back to the heart and increase the burden on the heart.
2. Take emergency medicine with you, such as a piece of nitroglycerin, and put it under your tongue after chewing, usually the pain can be relieved in about two minutes. If the effect is not good, you can take one tablet sublingually after ten minutes to increase the dose. Note that no matter whether angina pectoris is relieved or recurred, it is not advisable to take more than three nitroglycerin tablets continuously.
3. Call the medical staff for rescue in time.
prohibit
Avoid eating high-fat and high-cholesterol foods, and drink a small amount of beer, health wine and low-alcohol wine.
Matters needing attention
1, eat more fruits and fresh vegetables and reduce irritating diet. Drink vinegar properly to soften blood vessels and reduce angina pectoris. Patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris should rest properly to reduce workload. If myocardial infarction occurs, you should be hospitalized immediately.
2, patients with angina pectoris, often do not carry emergency medicine, to avoid emotional panic, timely treatment to the hospital.
16. The typical symptom of cerebral hemorrhage is that people with a history of hypertension suddenly become inarticulate or even unconscious due to large fluctuations in body temperature or emotional excitement.
First aid method
1. Family members should restrain their emotions and call 120 immediately. Don't shout or shake the unconscious person violently in order to wake up the patient, otherwise it will only worsen the condition quickly.
2, patients lying in bed, due to the increase of brain pressure, such patients are prone to jet vomiting, if not cleared in time, may lead to cerebral hemorrhage coma, due to vomit blocking airway suffocation and death. Therefore, the patient's head must be turned to one side so that vomit can flow out of his mouth.
3. An ice pack or a cold towel can be applied to the forehead of the patient to help stop bleeding and reduce brain pressure.
4, smooth and timely sent to the hospital for medical treatment.
17. Coma
First aid method
1. The most common method is to press the inside of the patient's orbit with the thumb to observe the patient's conscious state and pay attention to the patient's breathing and heartbeat.
2. Let the patient lie flat on the hard board and loosen the collar. Tilt his head back to one side to keep the patient's respiratory tract unobstructed and prevent suffocation.
The patient should be moved to a well-ventilated place immediately.
4. Patients with high fever and coma should be wiped with alcohol, and ice packs and ice caps should be placed on the head and aorta to cool down.
Matters needing attention
1. In case of cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest, conduct artificial respiration on the spot immediately.
2, the restless coma patients should be cared for to prevent falls, bumps and other accidents. Coma patients should keep warm in winter.
3. Do not pat or shake the patient's head, or flip, drag or carry the patient.
4, don't put a high pillow behind the patient's head, so as not to block the entrance to the respiratory tract and suffocate.
18. Stroke is mostly induced by emotional fluctuation, anxiety and anger, drinking, mental stress and other factors. Before a stroke, there are often some typical or atypical signs of stroke.
First aid method
1, someone has a sudden stroke. Family members must not panic and should immediately ask for help.
Before the ambulance arrives, if the patient is still conscious, he should stop his activities immediately and lie on his back. Family members should pay attention to comfort the patient and relieve his nervousness.
3. If the patient has lost consciousness, try to lift the patient to the bed with two or three people at the same time to avoid the patient's head shaking, let the patient lie down quietly and raise the bedside.
4. The patient's condition is slightly stable, and he is sent to the hospital for rescue after vomiting is relieved. But on the way to the hospital, you should be especially careful, move gently and steadily, and have a special person to protect your head to reduce vibration.
Matters needing attention
1, keep the room clean and ventilated, and keep warm; Maintain oral hygiene, remove respiratory secretions at any time, and encourage patients to expand their chests, take deep breaths and cough; Regularly change the patient's position and massage the pressed skin; People with fecal incontinence should put a cloth pad with strong water absorption under their buttocks, and promptly remove excreta and flush this part to keep the vulva clean and dry and prevent urinary tract infection.
2. Stroke may recur after the first attack, especially after transient cerebral ischemia; Try to eliminate all kinds of stroke risk factors and have a regular physical examination.
19. Asphyxia
First aid method
First, call an ambulance. While waiting for the ambulance, take measures: let the patient lean forward and pat the patient's back between his shoulders with his palm. If it doesn't work, you need to stand behind the patient, put your fist against the patient's abdomen and back, hold your fist with the other hand, and push it up and down five times to help the patient breathe. Patients can also take such self-help measures: put their abdomen against hard objects, such as kitchen countertops, and then squeeze their abdomen hard to make things stuck in their throats pop out.
prohibit
Don't feed water or other food to patients with cough.
Matters needing attention
As long as there is suffocation, we should call an ambulance to rescue the patient.
20. The rescue of cardiac arrest must race against time. Never wait for the ambulance to come before sending it to the hospital for treatment. We should take the following first aid measures and immediately carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
First aid method
1. Percussion in precordial area: Hold the patient's neck upward with one hand, and hold the patient's forehead with the other hand and push it back slightly, so that the mandible is tilted upward and the head is tilted backward, which is beneficial to ventilation. Use the fleshy part at the bottom of the fist, above the middle of the sternum, 20 ~ 30 cm away from the chest wall, and suddenly hit it quickly. If there is no response, do chest compressions immediately. Let the patient carry a hard board on his back and do mouth-to-mouth resuscitation at the same time. Observe the pupil of the patient. If the pupil shrinks (this is the most sensitive and meaningful vital sign) and the face and lips turn rosy, the rescue is effective.
2. Acupuncture at Renzhong point of palm or Laogong point and Yongquan point of foot plays a rescue role.
3, quickly remove the vomit in the pharynx, so as not to block the respiratory tract or into the lungs, causing suffocation and aspiration pneumonia.
4. Apply an ice pack to the head to cool down.
5, rushed to the hospital for treatment.