Teachers know what to do and learn to be a successful person.
Shi Kefa's ancestor Shi Yingyuan, his father and his mother Yin had high hopes for him since childhood. Although his family is poor, he still studies hard. Tomorrow, in the winter of Kaiyuan (162 1), 19-year-old Shi Kefa went to his ancestral home in Daxing County (now Beijing) to catch the exam and stayed in an ancient temple on the outskirts of Daxing County. Zuo Guangdou, then a famous visual minister of Gyeonggi, visited Daxing County privately with several entourage traveling incognito, and entered this ancient temple to avoid the wind and snow. I saw a scholar lying on the table with a manuscript just written on it. Zuo Guangdou picked it up and admired his ambition and efforts. Then he looked at the scholar's thin clothes, sleepy and tired. Zuo Guangdou was afraid that he would feel cold, so he took off his mink, put it on the sleeping Shi Kefa, and closed the door. When I came out to ask the monk, I realized that the scholar's name was Shi Kefa, which impressed me deeply. At the age of 20, Shi Kefa took the government entrance examination. Zuo Guangdou chose him as the crown of the Eight Houses in North Zhili, and pitied his poor family, so he accepted him as a disciple and stayed in the library. Since then, he has become more and more persistent, eager to study hard, influenced by his mentor, and determined to repay the country with his body. After work, Zuo Guangdou often talks with him about current events, arguing about the past and the present, and seeing that his ambition is great and his talents are different. He thought, "He will succeed my ambition every day, but only in this life." In the fifth year of the apocalypse (1625), Zuo Guangdou was framed by eunuchs in Wei Zhongxian and sent to Dongchang prison. At that time, people in Beijing and China were frightened and silent. Despite possible cruel persecution, Shi Kefa waited outside the prison from morning till night, but he was unable to visit his teacher in the prison. I soon learned that Zuo Guangdou was tortured by branding and would die sooner or later. He is more worried. He tried his best to raise 50 taels of silver and negotiated with the jailer in tears, so that the jailer was deeply moved and was able to visit him in prison in disguise. Shi Kefa saw his teacher sitting on the ground against the wall at a glance. His face was badly burned and all the bones and muscles below his left knee fell off. He couldn't help kneeling down and walking to his left. He was sad and sobbed. Although Zuo Guangdou could hardly open his eyes, he could hear the sound. In order to cherish talents, he didn't want Shi Kefa to suffer. He restrained his father-son feelings and angered Shi Kefa. Shi Kefa had to leave with tears in her eyes. From then on, Shi Kefa only appreciated Zuo Guangdou's kindness at first, and developed into deep thinking on how to be an official and how to govern the country. He deeply felt that the education of his grandfather and father was mainly due to the expectation of the prosperity of his family business, and the dedication of his mentor Zuo Guangdou was to make him a "man of lofty ideals", "pillar" and "talent in the world" and a pillar of the country. In contrast, Zuo Guangdou's knowledge, personality, integrity and broad mind made Shi Kefa sincerely admire and unforgettable. He often tells his story with tears in his eyes, saying, "My teacher's lungs and liver are made of stone." It can be said that Shi Kefa's later commendable achievements and his adherence to Yangzhou's lofty national integrity were greatly influenced by Zuo Guangdou, who played a decisive role in shaping Shi Kefa's spiritual character! [foundera], Xixi River, cchere.com]
When the country is in trouble, we must be honest and honest.
In the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1628), 27-year-old Shi Kefa was awarded a promotion in Xi 'an, Shaanxi. Since then, he has served as the right senator, the right guardian, the wind and the road. In the meantime, due to the ideological position of the feudal ruling class, the peasant uprising was suppressed. However, Shi Kefa is honest and clean, loyal to his duties, diligent and loving the people, and has done many good things for the benefit of the people and the country. For example, after Tianfu Luan, he "didn't bother with public funds, excluding private capital" and once "donated money to build a city". In the 11th year (1638) and 12th year of Chongzhen, a locust plague occurred in Lu 'an, and food prices soared. Shi Kefa ordered "leveling", set up nine porridge factories to help the victims, and applied to the court for exemption from land tax. Therefore, in Lu' an, "all obedient daughters fail to see the truth of the public, and all brave men cherish the virtue of the public." In the twelfth year of Chongzhen, the Qing soldiers took advantage of the situation and went south. Shi Kefa personally led two thousand officers and men to the capital. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, the Qing soldiers arrived again, and Shi Kefa was stationed by the Yellow River, ready to fight and forced the Qing soldiers to retreat. It shows that Shi Kefa is loyal to his duties and has extraordinary military talents. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), Shi Kefa was promoted to the position of Nanjing Ministry of War Minister and Maintenance Counselor. He saw that there were many vacancies in the military camp in Nanjing, so Shangshu put forward a master plan for selecting and training South soldiers, which was praised by Emperor Chongzhen and ordered him to manage the military camp step by step. This inevitably infringes on the interests of the distribution schools that eat empty salaries and makes them resentful. At this time, his stepwife Yang advised him to marry a concubine because he had no son. He sighed and said, "Wang cares about everything and dares to plan for his children!" " I only adopted Numaqing, the son of my cousin Shi Kecheng, as my heir. The following year, the peasant uprising army led by Li Zicheng conquered Beijing in the late Ming Dynasty. Desperate, Ming Sizong hanged himself in Beijing Jingshan Park (now Jingshan Park) on March 19. At the beginning of April, Wen Fong, Shi Kefa, was deeply saddened by the bad news. He immediately told Heaven and Earth to be diligent with Gao Hongtu, Lu Daqi, Hanlin Zhan Jiangyueguang and others. Lured by Wu Sangui, the Qing soldiers marched into the territory of the Ming Dynasty after defeating Li Zicheng under the guise of "getting rid of violence and protecting the people and getting revenge on the monarch", and the situation took a turn for the worse. Shi Kefa also changed from the idea of "uniting the Qing Dynasty to destroy bandits" to "defending the enemy and destroying bandits", and resolutely embarked on the road of resisting Qing Dynasty and regaining sight. At that time, the whereabouts of Prince Heyong and King Ding of Emperor Chongzhen were unknown, and it was difficult to reach them far away. However, Zhou and Zhou "each avoided stealing the boat", which triggered the dispute of "establishing a sage" and "establishing a relative". At first, Jiang chose to establish Zhu Yousong, because he was his grandson, nephew of Guangzong, brother of Chongzhen, and closer to King Lu. Shi Kefa and others claimed that the strong king Zhu Changfang was Zongshen's nephew, and that "Zhao Mu is not far away, but a wise man can stand". They think that the axe king is "unfilial, abusive, meddlesome, not studying, greedy for money, lustful and addicted to alcohol" and has "seven things that cannot be done". Jiang changed his mind. Later, when the Minister of Civil and Military Affairs of Nanjing met with the government of Governor Wei Guogong and Xu Zhineng to discuss pushing Dai and suppressing the peasant army, Governor Fengyang, who was armed to the teeth, "was obsessed with fatuity, bribed Liu Kongzhao for it, pushed Dai wholeheartedly, and made up his mind." With many kings in power, Ma Shiying made a temporary concession in have it both ways. Soon, the axe king, Chang Handsome, was drifting to Huai 'an by boat. When Ma Shiying heard the news, he secretly sent someone to look for it, linked the axe king with Fengyang Ma Shiying, and at the same time wooed Huang Degong, Alex Gao, Liu Zeqing and Liu Liangzuo to create the theory that "the Governor of Phoenix set the axe king". Shi Kefa was very dissatisfied with Ma Shiying's capriciousness, and wrote a letter to reprimand him, reiterating the reason of "seven can't" of the axe king. Ma Shiying, a cunning new soldier, escorted the Axe King to Nanking with 65,438+0,200 warships and threatened his ministers to establish the Axe King by force. After joining the cabinet with the help of "Fu", he cultivated private parties, reused Ruan Dacheng, the remnant of Yan Party, and tried his best to crowd out Shi Kefa, Gao Hongtu, Jiang and other ministers. He bears a grudge against Shi Kefa and others. "Green phosphorus waste" contains: "I got into the locomotive in time, but I was forced away by the law." [foundera], Xixi River, cchere.com]
The supervisor in Jiangbei walks with difficulty.
In the Southern Ming Dynasty, treacherous court officials indulged in debauchery and rejected dissidents, while the arrogant soldiers of "civil war experts and foreign war amateurs" fought for power and profit and killed each other. In the face of the emergency situation that the Qing soldiers went south, the defenders in various places fled or fled, or rushed to meet the surrender, or even "struck for the sake of it", Shi Kefa found a new way and always took it as his responsibility to fight against the strong Lu and recover the lost land. Although he was excluded by the imperial court and lost the real power of the Ministry of War, he volunteered to supervise the war in Jiangbei and was determined to stay in Yangzhou until his death. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), on May 15th, the axe king proclaimed himself emperor, and the following year was the first year of Hong Guang. The next day, Shi Kefa was forced to invite Du Shi to Yangzhou to play, of course. Although Shi Kefa has the title of Tengku University and Ministry of War History, Hong Guang and Ma Shiying are actually in charge of the Ministry of War. Shi Kefa/KLOC left Beijing on October 8th and arrived in Yangzhou at the end of the month. At that time, in the anti-Qing strategy, Shi Kefa was allowed to set up four towns in Jiangbei: Liu Zeqing, the company commander, was in charge of Huaihai and stationed in Huaibei, and the manager recruited Shandong; Company commanders officer Liu Liang, Guangchangbo, Zuo Wei, is in charge of the Chu River, and is based in Luzhou and Optics Valley. Shi Kefa believes that with this "practical plan, keeping outside the door, so as to make the peace of the church, the great cause of rejuvenation lies in this". However, the fact is far from as smooth as he imagined. In Yangzhou, Shi Kefa fell into a complicated new contradiction, and the measures were extremely difficult. The four towns in Jiangbei colluded with Ma Shiying for a long time, so they were knighted, but they were not stationed in the designated places as ordered. Moreover, mercenaries are arrogant and so-called officers and men, but they are actually stronger than bandits. They also have ulterior motives, fish in troubled waters, and always want to wait for an opportunity to annex other towns. So friction happens from time to time. For the prosperous and rich Yangzhou, the four towns are all coveted. Alex Gao rushed outside Yangzhou before Huang Degong did, killing, setting fire, raping and plundering in an attempt to invade and station in Yangzhou. Governor Huang Jiarui and others. , led the vigilante refused to keep, confrontation for more than a month. Shi Kefa, with Liu Zhaoquan and other generals, led only 3,000 troops to Yangzhou in broken walls, barren countryside and chaotic civil war. As soon as he arrived in Yangzhou, Shi Kefa immediately set out to mediate the above contradictions. First, people were sent to send letters to Huang Degong and Er Liu to announce military orders, and then the Governor Wan Yuanji was kind and comforting, and his attitude was sincere, which suspended the contradictions between the four towns. Later, Shi Kefa went to Alex Gao Barracks and dissolved it with a sense of honor. Alex Gao's attitude is outrageous, demanding severe punishment of Yangzhou officers and soldiers, which was flatly rejected by Shi Kefa. Alex Gao became angry from embarrassment, flagrantly detained Shi Kefa, put him under house arrest in Fuyuan Temple, and sent recruits with sharp knives to guard around. Shi Kefa always showed no fear, and persuaded Alex Gao with a righteous attitude every day. Shi Kefa's sharing of worries for the country first touched his high wife Xing, who was watching in the dark. Xing knows what is important and often gives advice. Alex Gao was gradually influenced by Shi Kefa's sincerity, and finally expressed his willingness to do so at the urging of Xing Shi. Due to the mediation of the four towns in Jiangbei and the command of the company commander Liu, Suqian was quickly recovered, forcing the Qing soldiers to withdraw from Pizhou and temporarily converge on the edge of the invasion. However, due to the increasingly corrupt court, Shi Kefa's difficulties are still increasing. Not only was there no prize in the defeat, but even the normal salary was deducted by Ma and Ruan, and the anti-Qing army became a "pawn who didn't eat." In Nanjing, Emperor Hong Guang "fished for young girls, drank fire wine, entertained actors to perform, built Xingning Palace and built Cixi Hall, which took a lot of labor and materials". At that time, Ruan Dacheng and Qian were brought into the cabinet, and private parties were reused, night songs were sung, and sex was indulged in the morning and evening. Liu Shouzhou, Gao Hongtu and other sages were successively dismissed and forced to retire. At that time, the court discipline was chaotic, and Ma Shiying and others had actually usurped the power of the Hong Guang dynasty. Shi Kefa, who was both sad and angry, once gave a speech, complaining: At the beginning of the great change, Li Xi shed tears, and the gentleman lamented, and his pain and anger doubled, still full of vitality; Today's soldiers are arrogant, arrogant and arrogant. I've been to the soup dumplings in the north many times, and I want to peek at the ones in the south. Water is widely used to scare ships, and land is well distributed. To the north of the Yellow River, it is known that there is a clear. However, the defense on the river was neglected, the people were distracted and the threat was not good ... The safety of the Zongshe depends on this day. I'm humble, and I'm afraid it won't help. I'm worried that the role of the temple and the management of the hundred deacons can't be fully realized ... I'm afraid it won't be restored in the future, but local security is not guaranteed. The corruption of Nanming regime has been clearly revealed, and this memorial is naturally useless, which shows Shi Kefa's strong sense of political hardship and difficult situation. [foundera], Xixi River, cchere.com]
Trapped in a lonely city, died in Yangzhou.
Shi Kefa struggled to support Jiangbei, but two major changes happened soon, resulting in a very difficult and serious situation. First, among the four towns in Jiangbei, Er Liu's soldiers are all "boastful and useless", but they are highly effective. Although Alex Gao is fierce and defiant, he is simple. Once he is persuaded, he can do his best. He resolutely refused to surrender to the king of "Big King, Little King and Humble King", and invited him to stay in Guide with his own heavy troops, braved the heavy snow, built a wall along the Yellow River, and devoted himself to defending the Qing soldiers. He also contacted Xu Dingguo, the commander-in-chief of Suizhou, Henan Province, to "lay the foundation for the Central Plains". Unexpectedly, Xu Dingguo secretly communicated with the Qing soldiers, designed a drunken murder of Alex Gao, crossed the river and led the Qing soldiers to Yifeng. Therefore, Shi Kefa lost the arm to attack Henan, and Jiangbei was also difficult to consolidate, and the defense scope was gradually tightened to Yangzhou, the isolated city. The overall situation is in jeopardy; Second, just as the Qing army moved south rapidly and the situation was critical, there were 700,000 to 800,000 troops, and Zuo Liangyu, who was guarding Wuchang, sent his troops south, "on the side of the Qing army" and "except Ma Ruan". However, Ma Shiying publicly stated that "it is better to die in Daqing than in the hands of Zuo Liangyu." . At this time, someone spoke loudly and said, "Huaiyang is the most important and should be defended." Ma Shiying ordered that "whoever guards the Huaihe River will be beheaded". After discussion, he ordered Shi Kefa to withdraw his troops from the river defense to prevent the left. Shi Kefa argued, but Ma Shiying wanted Emperor Hong Guang to write a book to "blame", so he had to take the lead. When the soldiers arrived in Yanziji, they heard that Zuo Liangyu was dead, and his son Zuo Menggeng was defeated and fell to the Qing Dynasty. However, all the way through the Huaihe River, the Qing soldiers took advantage of the weakness, took the milli state, crushed Xu Yi, and quickly moved eastward. Tudor, the king of Yu, led the Qing army by 65438+100000, and led by Xu Dingguo, the general of the rebel army, captured Huai 'an and Sizhou, and quickly pounced on Yangzhou. Shi Kefa immediately galloped Yangzhou, issued a proclamation, reinforced the Yugoslav capital, and tried to stabilize the people in turmoil. At the same time, he used the words "blood paper, rush to the Ministry of War, ask for help on behalf of the topic" and so on, just like a general under the rule, rushing to help Yang fight. Ruan Dacheng, who stole the history of the Ministry of War, simply "shouldn't". Huang Degong fled Wuhu for attacking the left soldiers. Second, Zheng Liu secretly contact qing. Only Liu, the commander-in-chief stationed in Baiyang River on orders from Shi Kefa, led his 4,000 soldiers to Yangzhou, totaling more than10,000 people, which was far from the 65,438+10,000 soldiers of the Qing army. Because Shi Kefa shared joys and sorrows with the soldiers, he insisted that "men should not eat first if they are not satisfied;" Don't give clothes, don't keep first ",personally guarding the northwest corner of the city, this is the most difficult place to defend, won the love of the soldiers, so you can better command to stick to Yangzhou alone. In July of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Regent Dourgen of Qing Dynasty wrote to Shi Kefa to surrender, and Shi Kefa wrote to his masterpiece "Vodourgen", which showed his solemn position. In spite of this, many people who besieged Yangzhou still wanted to lure him in, hoping to take advantage of Shi Kefa's prestige in Nanming and collect Jiangnan without bloodshed. Therefore, Chris Lee and others have been sent to surrender, and many letters have been sent to surrender. But Shi Kefa ignored it and burned books in public. Yangzhou soldiers and civilians were deeply moved. Although they are weak, their blood is boiling, and they will defend the city to the death, and often "get something from books." Many days can't attack the city, and because the suburban farmers are determined to clear the field, they are worried about going deep alone or having unexpected changes. They want to withdraw from Yangzhou. I've been worried for a long time. Xuzhou divided his troops south, and cast lots to attack Yangzhou. He once wept bitterly with his wife and children, saying, "I must run to confront Shi Kefa.". As he hesitated, Li Qifeng and Gao Qifeng both told the truth of the city, and Xu Dingguo also argued that "Yangcheng is helpless and can be broken in a few days", so he stayed and continued to attack the city. On April 24th, the first year of Hong Guang (1645), the Qing soldiers bombarded the city with many "red cannons" and the city collapsed. Shi Kefa led soldiers and people to repair, but eventually retreated to the old city because of the disparity in strength. After Duoduo occupied the new city, he wrote to Shi Kefa again to induce him to surrender: "If you release the city, you won't kill one person." Shi Kefa was unmoved and determined to die. Finally, on the 25th, the Qing soldiers suddenly attacked and killed Yangzhou. Seeing that the situation was unstoppable, Shi Kefa tried to commit suicide by drawing his sword, but he was stopped by a general and left with protection. When I arrived at Xiaodongmen, I saw the soldiers and civilians being slaughtered by the Qing army. I immediately stood up and shouted: "I am the history supervisor. I will do everything by myself, so I won't be tired of the whole city." "So he was arrested. Duoduo still surrendered in a proper manner, and Shi Kefa righteously said, "I, a man from China, am willing to work hard. If the city survives, so will I. If the city dies, so do I! "! My head can be broken, my will can't be bent! "He died peacefully at the age of 44. Tudor, the cruel king of Qing and Yu, ordered the massacre 10 day, and hundreds of thousands of Yangzhou people were slaughtered, which caused the biggest tragedy in Yangzhou history and was also the most heroic and glorious page for Yangzhou people.