The integration of science, earth science and computer science, and the concept of film ecology are good examples of mutual integration. But landscape ecology is not easily connected with freshwater science.
Combined, the water body is often depicted as an opaque heterogeneous block on the landscape map, and water scientists don't often borrow landscape life.
The tools and concepts of national science explain them. The reason is that the pattern of freshwater ecosystem is difficult to be seen (with one more water medium, the visible pattern is also short). In addition, because the system cannot understand the openness of the system itself and the ecosystem, as far as water is concerned, it is easy for water to form cognitive obstacles. It is necessary to study water bodies from a higher level, expand the field of vision from water bodies to catchment areas (for still water bodies) or river basins (for moving water bodies), and carry out watershed ecological research.
Watershed ecology is different from landscape ecology, and its differences and connections with landscape ecology are as follows: the watershed has clear geographical boundaries, but the landscape does not; Watershed and landscape are heterogeneous regions composed of different ecosystems; Landscape is mainly aimed at land. Watershed mainly pays attention to water system: both watershed and landscape are social-economic-natural composite ecosystems; Landscape ecology is an interdisciplinary subject of geography and ecology, while watershed ecology is an extension of freshwater ecosystem to terrestrial ecosystem. Landscape ecology studies the structure, function and changes of landscape, that is, the spatial pattern of landscape elements and ecological objects (such as animals, biomass and nutrients), the flow of ecological objects among landscape elements, and the changes of inlays with time; Watershed ecology studies the changing laws of information, energy and matter between different landscapes (highland, coastal zone and water body) and different ecosystems in a watershed.
The study of watershed ecology should include the following main contents:
(1) The historical background and development process of the basin (geography and paleoclimate);
(2) The structure (the spatial relationship between different ecosystems or elements, that is, the distribution of energy, matter and species related to the size, shape, quantity, type and configuration of the ecosystem), function (the interaction between spatial elements, that is, the flow of energy, matter and species between various components of the ecosystem) and change (the change of the structure and function of ecological mosaic with time) of the watershed landscape system;
(3) The measurement of biodiversity and ecological environment change process.
Influence and response to the landscape pattern of the basin (such as aquatic, terrestrial and aquatic ecotone biological communities and species);
(4) The source and primary productivity of nutrients in the main tributaries of the basin, the relationship and law of energy and material circulation between the tributaries, the dynamic study of nutrient source and energy between flowing water and still water habitats, and the ecological effect of river and lake barriers;
(5) River basin ecological characteristics, regional ecological environment improvement ecological project, river basin urban ecology, human ecology and ecological economy;
(6) Study on environmental background value and environmental capacity of river system, sewage treatment and recycling ecological engineering system;
(7) Ecological consequences and countermeasures of cascade development of water bodies, assessment and early warning of natural disasters;
(8) Current situation of industry and agriculture in the basin, utilization and protection of biological resources, and countermeasures for sustainable development of social economy in the basin.
To carry out the study of river basin ecosystem requires interdisciplinary and multi-professional cross-infiltration and joint research. Taking the Yangtze River basin as an example, for decades, the relevant research institutes of China Academy of Sciences have cooperated with other scientific research institutes to investigate and study the aquatic ecology and terrestrial ecology, which has made many important contributions to the resources and environmental science of the Yangtze River basin and has a relatively strong scientific and technological reserve for the study of the basin ecosystem. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, relevant departments will select key types and regions to study the maintenance mechanism of ecosystem diversity, including dominant species of important ecosystems, conservation biology in keystone species, the relationship between the interaction between groups (food webs) and ecosystem stability, and the causes and restoration of habitat fragmentation. The author suggests that when choosing key types and regions, we should choose representative middle-scale basins and organize several research units to cooperate to jointly carry out watershed ecological research, so as to enhance the theory and practicality of ecosystem diversity research.
As far as the study of aquatic ecosystem diversity is concerned, it is necessary to establish and gradually improve the database of aquatic organisms and inland water bodies in China (DOBEIC) by investigating and collecting data and information from various aspects in the near future. Combining 3S technology, nonlinear science and modern computer theory, this paper tries to measure the process and treatment characteristics in water bodies in a nonlinear way, thus converting the scale into scale deduction, and then combining it with DOBEIC, extending it to freshwater lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The relationship between fractal characteristics of lake water system and environmental quality, the nonlinear measurement of aquatic plant distribution pattern and its relationship with biodiversity, the influence of human activities on lake ecosystem and its countermeasures, the technology and demonstration of optimizing the structure of forest, agriculture and fishery complex ecosystem, and the dynamic monitoring of lake ecosystem by SPOT satellite are studied in detail.