In China, from the early feudal era, there were medical institutions in the court. In Qin and Han dynasties, there was a physician's order, which was changed to a physician's bureau in Song dynasty in Sui and Tang dynasties, renamed a royal hospital in Jin dynasty, and appointed a chief executive in Ming and Qing dynasties. Under the leadership of the Ministry of Ritual, Qingtai Hospital is an independent institution, "responsible for doctors' orders and leading doctors to provide medical services". In addition to selecting personnel through the Ritual Department, Qingtai Hospital also conducts administrative business independently at ordinary times. It has 65,438+0 chief officials, called court ambassadors, and two deputy chief officials, called left and right court judges. There are 10 ~ 15 doctors and 65500 clerks. Although this establishment increased and decreased in the Qing Dynasty, the overall system remained unchanged. The court ambassador is a five-level official, and the physician is awarded a seven-level official, allowing the use of six Pin Guan belts.

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The original site of Qingtai Hospital is located in the east wall of the Forbidden City (north of Donghuamen), and moved to the north of East Street outside Di 'anmen in the early Republic of China.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Thai Hospital was divided into 1 1 departments, namely: large atrial pulse, small atrial pulse, typhoid fever, gynecology, ulcer, acupuncture, ophthalmology, stomatology, larynx, orthopedics and acne repair. Later, the acne department was merged into the small square vein, and the sore department was merged into dentistry. During the Qianlong period, Taichi Hospital was in charge of 9 departments. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, typhoid materials and gynecology were merged into the main vein, the department of sores and ulcers was changed to surgery, and acupuncture and bonesetting were abolished. Therefore, Guangxu's "Hui Dian" records that Tai Hospital has five departments: big room pulse, small room pulse, surgery, ophthalmology and stomatology.

Too much hospital from the hospital to the medical soil should "go to the imperial palace" (serve in the imperial palace) according to their own industry and level, and take turns on duty. Duties are divided into intrinsic value and extrinsic value. Built-in classroom outside the palace is on duty, also called palace value; External value is on duty in the East Pharmacy, also known as six values.

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All medical officers summoned by the palace to the imperial palace (imperial palace) should be led by eunuchs in the imperial palace pharmacy. After they prescribed a prescription for the diagnosis and treatment of the emperor's disease, they must mix the medicine with the eunuchs of the Imperial Pharmacy Bureau and seal the prescription together. Then, the medical officer and eunuch should sign their names on the day (date) of this report and present it to the emperor for reading. After typing this (report), this chapter will be registered, and the eunuch will pick it up in order to do well in the exam.

When the imperial medicine was boiled, the medical officer of the imperial hospital and the eunuch of the imperial pharmacy supervised the production together, and the two medicines were combined into one suit. After frying, they were poured into two cups, one of which was tasted by the attending doctor first, then tasted by the court judge and eunuch in turn, and then presented to the emperor for use. If the medicine is not prepared according to the original place and the irregular taste and weight of the medicine, or the prescription is wrong, it will be regarded as "disrespect"

In addition to being directly appointed, many doctors in Qingtai Hospital are recommended by various places. They not only have profound TCM theory and rich clinical experience, but also have good literary accomplishment. In the aspect of syndrome differentiation and treatment, they are methodical in prescriptions and safe in medication, especially for chronic pathology. Local officials are not knowledgeable and dare not recommend them to the emperor. In addition, the richness and sophistication of court medicine are beyond the reach of ordinary people. Therefore, the medical achievements and medical level of Thai hospital can be said to represent the highest medical level in the country at that time.

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In order to train court medical personnel and TCM talents, Taiji Hospital in Qing Dynasty also set up a lecture hall for medical education, which was divided into "internal education" and "foreign education". "Internal teaching practice" is to educate doctors working in hospitals and re-educate promising doctors. "Teaching abroad" is to educate and train the children of medical officers in hospitals or ordinary people to study medicine. The teachers who teach the school are all learned medical officers selected from Imperial Hospital, and ordinary people are admitted to the school. According to the regulations, Beijing officials from the same hometown will make a promise to recommend them to Imperial Hospital, and then get the promise of medical officials from Imperial Hospital. At the same time, those who believe that their medical research can make them, be allowed to wait in the hospital, and the order will be replenished. These students have passed many exams, and only when they are "familiar with medicine and have no criminal behavior" will I provide accommodation and enter the "foreign teacher learning hall". My research objects are Zhang Jingyue's Jing Zhu, Li Mingzhen's Compendium of Materia Medica and Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases in the early years of Yongzheng. Every three years, I will take the exam for the official of the Ministry of Rites and become a doctor after passing the exam. Although the government affairs in the late Qing Dynasty were slack, the education and assessment of medical officers were still very serious.