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In order to further understand the life, psychology, spirit and other needs of empty nesters in our street, and provide scientific decision-making basis for the municipal government to formulate policies to care for empty nesters, we conducted special surveys in five communities in Vu Thang, Wannian, Tujia, Dadong and Heping. The survey object is the elderly (younger generation) who are over 60 years old and do not live with their children, and the community full-time cadres organize the household survey of the elderly. Questionnaires were used in the survey. The investigators directly asked the respondents at home according to the pre-designed questionnaires, and the empty nesters in the survey family answered the relevant questions face to face, carefully recorded the answers and collected the questionnaires on the spot. The living conditions of empty nesters in my street are analyzed as follows:
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First, the basic situation of the respondents
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According to the questionnaire data comprehensive summary. The total number of people in this survey is 19 1. The summary results are as follows:
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Gender grouping: 66 men, accounting for 34.55%, and 65.45% women 125.
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Age group: 33 people aged 60-69 accounted for 17.28%, 70-79 years old 9 1 person accounted for 47.64%, 62 people aged 80-89 accounted for 32.46%, and 8 people over 90 accounted for 4. 19%.
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Education level grouping: 39 people are illiterate, accounting for 20.42%; 1 12 students in primary and junior high schools accounted for 58.64%; 22 students from senior high schools and technical secondary schools account for11.52%; And college or above 18 accounted for 9.42%.
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Marital status grouping: unmarried 7 people accounted for 3.67%, widowed 107 people accounted for 56.02%, surviving spouse 65 people accounted for 34.03%, divorced 8 people accounted for 4. 19%, and remarried 4 people accounted for 2.09%.
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Grouping of family survival time: 29 people aged 0-5 accounted for 15. 18%, 42 people aged 5- 10 accounted for 2 1.99%, and 29 people aged15.
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Grouping of existing children: 35 people with 1 8.33%, 45 people with 2 children, 23.56%, 55 people with 3 children, 28.8%, 43 people with more than 4 children, 22.5 1%, and/kloc-0 without children.
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Second, the main problems highlighted in the investigation
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(1) Health care
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1. Most empty nesters have higher self-care ability, but they have more physical diseases. 153 elderly people who can take care of themselves; 29 elderly people who take care of themselves; Old people who can't take care of themselves and 9 people who need to rely entirely on others for their daily activities. According to the survey, most empty nesters have some slight health problems, but 6 1 person suffers from senile diseases such as hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes, and 27 people suffer from serious diseases and even cancer.
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2. The situation of empty nesters seeking medical treatment is not optimistic. According to statistics, the number of people who spend 100-500 yuan money every month is as many as 106, 27 people spend 500- 100, and those who spend more than 18 spend 100, but less than 100. According to the survey, 155 elderly people think that the most worrying thing at present is disease, which brings great pressure to the life of empty nesters.
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(2) Economic income
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1. Among the respondents, the number of women is almost twice that of men, but the number of men who own their own houses is relatively large, and most of the pensions are between 1000 yuan and 1500 yuan, which is only enough to maintain their lives.
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2. The basic living expenses of empty nesters are not large, with 1 1000 yuan per month, 48 people with1000-2,000 yuan, and 13 people with more than 2,000 yuan, but there are still 65,438 people who buy old-age assistance equipment at their own expense.
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(3) Life arrangement and spiritual comfort
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1, the cultural and recreational life of empty nesters is relatively lacking. Among them, 108 elderly people mainly do housework at home, chatting and walking with neighbors, 98 people choose to watch TV, listen to radio and read books, and only 56 people actively participate in cultural and sports activities, singing, dancing and traveling. None of them went to the university for the aged, even 23 old people had nothing to talk about, and they often felt empty and lonely.
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2. The survey results show that there are 167 people whose children care about the living conditions of empty nesters, but there are still 20 people who are indifferent to the elderly. 160 people will meet the elderly within half a year, but 9 elderly people find it difficult to meet their children for a long time.
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3. The survey results of empty nesters show that most of them still don't accept the way of providing for the aged in nursing homes, and they are still willing to maintain the traditional way of providing for the aged in our country, but they also hope to get help and care from the society and the government.
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4. What about most empty nesters? Love doorbell? 、? Red ribbon? 、? Push to talk? The system of helping the elderly and calling for help is still relatively conservative. Only 6 1 person said it was needed, and 130 people said it was not needed.
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Third, suggestions and countermeasures
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(A) constantly improve the urban old-age insurance system
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In the basic old-age insurance, it is necessary to ensure that the pension growth level of the elderly population is consistent with the level of social and economic development, so that the elderly population can enjoy the fruits of social and economic development. In particular, it is necessary to appropriately raise the pension level of enterprise retirees, and constantly raise the level of treatment in this regard in terms of spouse's will allowance and social pension allowance, so that those elderly people who mainly rely on these sources of income can at least maintain a basic life.
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(2) Pay attention to medical security and medical services for the elderly.
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The physical condition of the elderly population determines that their demand for medical and social security is higher than that of the general population. At the same time, the arrival of an aging society makes the proportion of the elderly population in the total population increase day by day, which leads to the increasing medical needs of the elderly population. Therefore, at present, we should continue to vigorously promote the adjustment of the allocation structure of urban medical and health resources, accelerate the transfer of some medical and health resources to communities, and thus increase the supply capacity of medical and health services for the elderly in communities; The medical services provided by the community for the elderly population should be all-round, including not only the treatment of diseases, but also other services, such as medical consultation, vigorously promoting disease prevention and control, advocating a healthy lifestyle, and popularizing elderly care and nursing knowledge.
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(C) accelerate the development of community pension services
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The government should increase investment in this area. For the old city like our street, empty nesters are generally interested in the free service paid by the government, but at present, very few elderly families can enjoy this free service. Therefore, the government should consider the special situation of some elderly families and relax the restrictions on the implementation of free services to benefit more elderly families. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the integration and publicity of community pension services.
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(4) concern? Empty nest? The spiritual and cultural life of the elderly
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First of all, we should vigorously advocate it? Respecting, supporting and helping the elderly? Traditional virtues. Educate the children of empty nesters to fulfill their support obligations in spiritual comfort, often go home to see and care more about the elderly. Mobilize and organize the broad masses of young people and the public to join the volunteer team serving the empty nesters, and give full play to the role of volunteers in the spiritual comfort of the empty nesters.
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Secondly, we should strengthen the construction of community cultural and sports facilities and places, and try our best to increase the construction of community cultural and sports facilities and places, with the help of the government and society.
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Third, the community should often organize and carry out cultural and sports activities that the elderly love. The forms of activities should be as rich as possible. Only in this way can we meet the needs of more empty nesters and attract more elderly people to the community.
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Finally, community workers should give full play to their initiative in their work, understand the basic situation of empty nesters in the community, and pay more attention to and visit them. In particular, we often visit empty nesters who don't go out for various reasons, understand their needs and give them as much help as possible, paying special attention to empty nesters who live alone.
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The general survey of the basic living conditions of empty nesters in cities is short in time, wide in scope and wide in audience. Although there are some difficulties, if we can provide scientific basis for the municipal government to formulate policies to care for the elderly, the elderly will get practical and caring benefits from this work in the future, and all difficulties can be overcome. We will never stop serving the elderly, and we will continue to adhere to the consistent style of being politically strong, professionally competent, pragmatic and dedicated, and serve the elderly better and strive to achieve? Have a sense of security, medical care, education, learning, and having fun? Our work goal is the persistent pursuit of all the elderly staff in our street!
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Fan wener
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According to the latest statistics of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the floating population in cities reached 267 million in 20 13, which led to more and more rural empty nesters living alone, most of them staying in their original places of residence, and very few of them followed their children to live in cities. The problem of empty nesters has become a more and more serious social problem concerned by the whole society. How to solve the problem of migrant children going out to work to earn money and staying with their parents has become an urgent problem.
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First, the survey object and method
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1. Respondents:
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This survey selects the left-behind elderly people in Duyang Village, Duyang Town, Dahua Yao Autonomous County as the case of this survey.
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2. Investigation methods:
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This survey mainly adopts the methods of interview and typical household survey, which covers the living conditions, living needs, medical care and social security of the empty-nesters in rural areas. Security? Problems and countermeasures in this field. In the typical household survey, structured interviews were conducted with 20 families from four aspects: the living conditions of the rural elderly, medical security, pension status and spiritual and cultural life.
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Second, the basic situation
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Dahua Yao Autonomous County is located in the middle reaches of Hongshui River in the northwest of central Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The county covers an area of 2,753 square kilometers, with cultivated land area of 1.62 million hectares. The total population of the county is 458,700, of which the Yao nationality accounts for 265,438 +0.95%. County-wide jurisdiction 13 townships and 3 towns. Duyang Town is located in the middle of Dahua Yao Autonomous County, 50 kilometers away from the county seat, in the hilly area. The Town People's Government is located in Duyang Village, Duyang Street. It is bordered by Baiqixiang Township in the east, Beijing Township in the north, Yantan Town and Jiangnan Township in the west, Baima Township and Guhe Township in the south. In 2006, the total area of the town was 189 square kilometers, with a total population of 24,244. It governs 7 villages, namely Duyang, Wu Shang, Wucheng, Zhongwu, Jiacheng, Manjiang and Shuang Fu. Duyang Town has 883 hectares of cultivated land, including 443 hectares of paddy fields and 440 hectares of dry land. The main agricultural products are rice and corn, and the processing of agricultural products mainly includes wood processing.
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Empty nesters (the elderly here refer to those over 60 years old (including 60 years old)) have become a common social problem. According to incomplete statistics, there are 57,670 elderly people over 60 years old (including 60 years old) in the county, including 40,369 left-behind elderly people, accounting for 70% of the county's 60-year-old population, including 23 males17,244 females. The education level of the elderly, among which illiteracy accounts for 6 1.7% of the total number of the elderly, of which 33% have received primary education, 4.6% have received junior high school education, and less than 0.7% have received senior high school education; The physical health status of the elderly, the elderly who can take care of themselves and engage in light farm work account for 78% of the total number of the elderly, the elderly who have half lost their ability to work account for 15%, and the elderly who have basically lost their ability to work account for 7%; In terms of financial resources, 865,438+0.9% depend on their children, 9.7% on themselves and 8.65,438+0% on social assistance.
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Three. Analysis of living conditions and problems of empty nesters.
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(A) Most left-behind elderly people still need manual labor.
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Children going out to work can improve the family's economic conditions, but because their relative income is not high, and most of them have their own families and have to support their children to go to school, most of the elderly have to rely on their own labor to make a living. According to the survey, most left-behind elderly people are still engaged in manual labor and still have to bear the' burden' of agricultural production. On the one hand, engaging in agricultural production can increase the family's economic resources, basically solve the daily expenses of daily necessities, and reduce the burden on children. On the other hand, most elderly people don't want to waste their land, so they insist on agricultural production activities. Because their children are not around, many heavy farm jobs need to hire people, and the cost is relatively high. Old people only carry out daily field management.
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(2) Lack of family atmosphere and monotonous spiritual comfort.
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With a large number of children going out to work, the function of family pension is weakened, and the elderly need family comfort and life care. According to research, with the growth of age and the weakness of various organs of the body, the elderly tend to be more inclined to their children in some aspects and need their care more. Therefore, children have an irreplaceable position in the hearts of the elderly. Because their children are away all the year round, except for the Spring Festival or Tomb-Sweeping Day, they can't go home to reunite with the elderly for a few days, and some even haven't gone home for several years, so the elderly will inevitably feel lonely. Through the investigation and analysis of empty nesters, more than 80% floating children often call their parents. Telephone has become the main way of communication and spiritual comfort between the elderly and their children, and sometimes even these basic spiritual comforts are not available. Especially when the elderly are sick and need their children to accompany them to the hospital for treatment, it is even more lonely and helpless to rely on the old couple to support each other without their children. And if the old man is widowed, life will be more difficult.
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(3) The medical and health conditions of the left-behind elderly are still not optimistic.
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The left-behind elderly people are most worried about getting sick, which will lead to almost all difficulties: financial constraints, lack of care, increased psychological burden and so on. At present, the health status of left-behind elderly people is generally poor, and many elderly people are in a sub-health state, among which the proportion of chronic diseases is high. Old people in rural areas basically do not have physical examinations, and only when they are unwell will they go to see a doctor. Nowadays, with the new rural cooperative medical system, the medical security of rural population has been greatly improved. However, due to the imperfection of relevant laws and regulations and the influence of human factors in grass-roots implementation, the new rural cooperative medical system has not yet played its due role. Due to the limitation of the proportional reimbursement and capping system of the cooperative medical system, the substantial help of the new rural cooperative medical system to the seriously ill elderly is very limited. Due to the low economic income, there are not a few cases of illness and medical treatment. For the sake of spending habits and realistic economic ability, minor illness resistance, serious illness? Still the choice of most elderly people. They often procrastinate when they are sick, and only a few will go to see a doctor. Some children didn't come back because they were busy with work or had a long journey. They just called to ask. In remote mountainous areas in rural areas, there have been tragedies in which old people died at home without anyone knowing.
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Fourth, suggestions to solve the problem of left-behind elderly people.
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(1) Policy aspect
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When formulating policies, the government should adhere to the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, adhere to the people-oriented principle, fully consider the actual situation in rural areas, make overall plans for urban and rural development, and formulate practical policies. According to the local actual situation, formulate corresponding policies, strengthen policy implementation, improve the wages of migrant workers, and urge all enterprises and institutions to pay migrant workers wages in full and on time to ensure the legitimate interests of migrant workers. Only in this way can migrant workers be more able to support the elderly and try their best to improve their quality of life.
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(2) To further improve the social security system, the government should formulate corresponding policies, establish and improve the rural social security system with social insurance, social assistance, social welfare and social charity as the main contents, increase the investment in rural social assistance and rural social welfare, and ensure the distribution of guaranteed income in place. The eligible left-behind elderly people in rural areas will be included in the scope of subsistence allowances to ensure that the left-behind elderly people can reach the basic living standard economically. The government has formulated policies to publicize respect and love for the elderly to the public on a regular basis, such as: selecting model families to respect and love the elderly every year, giving families financial help, and giving family children priority in employment and education, and so on.
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