1) Different kinds of poisonous mushrooms contain different toxic components, so their clinical manifestations are different after eating by mistake. The following are common types:
1. Gastroenteritis type
There are many kinds of poisonous mushrooms that cause this kind of poisoning, mainly poisonous russula, Pleurotus eryngii, Lycopodium brownii, Lactarius pubescens, Lycopodium brownii and so on. The incubation period of this poisoning is short, usually 0.5-6 hours after eating. The clinical manifestation is acute gastroenteritis, with nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain at first. Diarrhea, mostly watery stool; Severe cases include dehydration, electrolyte disorder, shock, coma or acute renal failure. Short course of disease, good prognosis and low mortality.
2. Neuropsychiatric types
The poisonous mushrooms that cause this kind of poisoning are mainly poisonous fly umbrella, leopard spot poisonous umbrella, horny scale gray umbrella, hairy ghost umbrella, pleated umbrella and orange naked umbrella. The incubation period of this kind of poisoning is also very short, usually appearing within 2 hours after eating. Clinically, except gastroenteritis, there are mainly symptoms such as auditory hallucination, hallucination, mania, delirium, diplopia, disturbance of consciousness, and impermanence of crying and laughing, which can be generally divided into four types: mental excitement, depression, insanity and transient hallucination, but clinical manifestations often appear alternately.
3. Hemolytic type
The main causes of this kind of poisoning are auricularia deer, auricularia ochraceus and auricularia brown. The incubation period of poisoning is long, generally 6- 12 hours. After the onset, the symptoms of gastroenteritis include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. First appear, then, the red blood cells in the patient's body are destroyed in large quantities, which can quickly lead to hemolysis, jaundice, acute anemia, hemoglobinuria, hepatosplenomegaly and other symptoms; Severe cases may be accompanied by weak pulse, convulsions, hallucinations, drowsiness, etc. Patients often die of severe kidney injury and heart failure.
4. Types of liver injury
The poisonous mushrooms that cause this kind of poisoning mainly include poisonous umbrella, white poisonous umbrella, white poisonous umbrella with scaly handle, small umbrella with brown scales, autumn worm umbrella, and garlic orchid. The incubation period of poisoning is long, usually 10-24 hours, which can last for several days for the elderly. The main symptoms are liver, kidney, brain and heart damage. The course of disease is long, the condition is complex and dangerous, and the mortality rate is as high as 90%. After eating this poisonous mushroom, there will be symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, severe vomiting, abdominal pain, uncontrollable diarrhea, dehydration and blood pressure drop. Appears at the initial stage, and the above symptoms generally disappear after 1-2 days; After l-3 days of false resuscitation, symptoms such as hepatomegaly, liver tenderness, jaundice, hematuria, proteinuria, hematochezia and submucosal hemorrhage suddenly appeared. Patients generally died of liver coma and renal failure, and some died of gastrointestinal bleeding, toxic myocarditis or toxic encephalopathy.
5. Solar allergy type
This poisoning is mainly caused by poisonous mushrooms such as rubber gyro. The incubation period is generally around 24 hours. At first, facial muscles trembled, and then fingers and toes ached. At the same time, the exposed parts of the patient's body may have rashes and swelling. It is particularly noteworthy that the patient's lips are swollen and everted, which looks like pig lips. This is a special symptom of this poisoning.
2) The manifestations of poisonous mushroom poisoning are varied and complicated. The general treatment principle is to quickly remove the unabsorbed toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and stop the absorption of toxins; Timely application of special detoxification drugs to reduce toxin toxicity; Strengthen symptomatic treatment and protect organ function. Specific first aid measures are:
1. Detoxification
Vomiting can stimulate the pharynx with your fingers or take copper sulfate orally. Gastric lavage can be repeated with 1:2000 potassium permanganate solution, 3-5% tannic acid solution or 0.5% activated carbon suspension. If the poisoning time has exceeded 8 hours, warm normal saline can be used for high colon lavage.
2. Intravenous rehydration
To accelerate the excretion of toxins and maintain the balance of water and electrolyte.
3. Detoxification treatment
Atropine can be injected subcutaneously or intravenously, 0.5- 1.0 mg each time, and every 15 minutes/time. Poisonous umbrella: Poisonous mushrooms with liver damage, such as white poisonous umbrella and brown scaly umbrella, should be injected with 5 ml of 5% sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate intramuscularly in the early stage, or diluted with glucose solution and injected intravenously twice a day, and then gradually reduced, usually for 5-7 days. Cytochrome c can also be used.
4. Symptomatic treatment
Blood transfusion is needed when bleeding is serious; When acute toxic liver disease, toxic cardiomyopathy and hemolytic anemia occur, hydrocortisone should be given as soon as possible; When accompanied by shock, acute renal failure and brain edema, we should actively deal with the symptoms.
5. Chinese medicine treatment
① Take licorice 12g and perilla 10g. Decoct with water.
② 6 grams of water fairy. Mix the powder with vinegar.
③ Take 60 grams of honeysuckle. Decoct in water and warm clothes.
④ Use 30g licorice and mung bean 10g. Decoct with water.
6. Emergency rescue
① Mild patients immediately induce vomiting.
(2) gastric lavage with 1: 2000- 1: 5000 strong tea water or potassium permanganate, and injection of 10-20g medicinal charcoal after gastric lavage.
③ Intravenous drip of 5% glucose saline when conditions permit.
4 send to hospital for treatment.
Love tip: whenever you find mushrooms with bright colors, long tumors, spots or flowers on the umbrella surface; Or there are cracks, bubbles, bleeding, sticky, fishy, spicy, bitter, sticky and smelly. Never eat when you are suspicious. This is the most reliable way to prevent mushroom poisoning.
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In the wild, if you eat it, ...
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After reading it, the following is more interesting-
Why do mushrooms have health-preserving effects and precautions?
Mushrooms are rich in nutrition, containing protein, vitamins, 17 amino acids, minerals and low-fat health food. It can supplement the nutrients needed by human body, is easy to absorb, can increase human function, improve immunity, delay aging, and has a good auxiliary effect on weight loss. 1. Mushrooms can improve the body's immunity: the effective components of mushrooms can enhance the function of T lymphocytes, thus improving the body's immune function against various diseases. 2, mushrooms can relieve constipation and detoxify: the crude fiber, semi-crude fiber, lignin and other substances that are difficult for the human body to digest in mushrooms can maintain intestinal moisture, absorb the remaining cholesterol and sugar in the body, and excrete them, which is very beneficial for preventing constipation, intestinal cancer, arteriosclerosis and diabetes. 3. Mushrooms can resist cancer: Japanese researchers isolated a super anticancer substance with a molecular weight of 288 from the effective components of mushrooms, which can inhibit the growth of cancer cells, and its effect is stronger than that in green tea 1000 times. Mushrooms also contain a toxic protein, which can effectively prevent protein synthesis of cancer cells. 4. Lentinus edodes can relieve cough and eliminate phlegm: Lentinus edodes extract was used in animal experiments and found to have obvious antitussive and expectorant effects. 5, mushrooms contain tyrosinase: it has obvious antihypertensive effect. 6. Mushrooms are rich in inorganic substances, vitamins, protein and other ingredients. Eating more will not make you fat. They are a kind of diet food highly praised by curvy beauties. Taboo to eat mushrooms: 1, not to eat with seafood. 2. Try to cook mushrooms in a single variety. A variety of edible fungi are mixed together and eat as little as possible. Mushrooms must be cooked before they can be eaten. 5. Don't eat the beautiful mushrooms on the tree. Don't eat unfamiliar mushrooms when playing in the wild.