1.Introduce 24 solar terms briefly. Twenty-four solar terms represent the changes of astronomy, seasons and climate in a year, which is a unique creation of working people in ancient China.
The earth revolves around the sun at 5: 48: 46 every 365 days and rotates once every 24 hours. Because the orbital plane of the earth's rotation is not the same as the equatorial plane, but maintains a certain inclination angle, the position of direct sunlight on the earth is different all year round. In the northern hemisphere, when the sun is directly at 23.5 degrees north latitude, it is called summer solstice in astronomy; When the sun shines directly at 23.5 degrees south latitude, it is called the winter solstice; The solstice in summer and the solstice in winter mean that it is halfway between summer and winter. Twice a year, when the sun shines directly on the equator, it is the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox, in the middle of spring and autumn. The day is as long as the night.
The solar terms reflecting the changes of the four seasons are: beginning of spring, Spring Equinox, Long Summer, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Autumn Equinox, beginning of winter and Winter Solstice. Among them, beginning of spring, Changsha, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter are called "Li Si", which means the beginning of the four seasons.
There are five solar terms reflecting temperature changes: slight summer heat, great summer heat, summer heat, slight cold and severe cold.
There are seven solar terms reflecting weather phenomena: rain, Grain Rain, white dew, cold dew, first frost, light snow and heavy snow. There are four solar terms reflecting phenological phenomena: Jing Zhe, Qing Ming, Xiaoman and Mang Zi.
The definition of the twenty-four solar terms is a great achievement of ancient astronomy and climate science in China. For more than two thousand years, it has not only played an important role in arranging and guiding agricultural production, but also played an important guiding role in health preservation.
2. Climatic characteristics of the six solar terms in spring "Spring, from the day of beginning of spring to the day of long summer, includes the six solar terms of beginning of spring, Rain, Scare, Equinox, Qingming and Grain Rain. In the six solar terms of spring, the cold gradually recedes, the spring breeze warms, the vegetation germinates, everything recovers, everything recovers and is full of vitality.
(1) beginning of spring and beginning of spring are around February 4th of the Gregorian calendar every year. Since the Qin Dynasty, beginning of spring has been the beginning of spring in China. Beginning of spring is separated from astronomy, but in nature and people's minds, it is warm and fragrant; Spring is growth, cultivation and sowing.
In climatology, spring refers to the period when the average temperature is between 10℃ and 22℃. Speaking of beginning of spring, people obviously feel that the days are getting longer and the sun is getting warmer. Temperature, sunshine and rainfall are often at the turning point of a year, with a rising or increasing trend. Although it is already in beginning of spring, there will still be frost in most areas. In a few years, there will be a scene of "snow is too late for spring, so it flies among trees". These climatic characteristics should be taken into account in health care.
Where is the information that people often look for in spring? The buds protruding from the wicker are "softer than gold and softer than silk"; The eager grass in the soil is waiting for "they grow taller in the spring breeze"; For the sake of physical and mental health, getting rid of illness and prolonging life, people are creating the spring of life.
(2) Rain falls on February 19 or 20 of the solar calendar every year. The rainy season means that it begins to rain and the rainfall gradually increases. In the Yellow River valley, the birthplace of the 24 solar terms, it was cold before the rain, but it was snowing and raining unpleasantly.
After the rain, the temperature can generally rise above 0℃, with less snow and more rain. However, there is still the possibility of cold wave invasion, which will cause strong cooling and blizzard, which is very harmful to health. These should pay special attention to prevention.
Time flies and the seasons remind people. "A year's plan lies in spring". People should make their lives more energetic in this season.
(3) The fifth or sixth day of the third lunar month. Sting, which reflects the natural phenological phenomenon, refers to the sudden movement of spring thunder, which awakens the animals dormant in the soil and hibernating. At this time, the temperature rose rapidly, and spring thunder gradually appeared in most areas of the Yangtze River Basin.
In the season of fright, the spring is bright, Vientiane is renewed and full of vitality. Careful observation and accumulation of phenological knowledge will help to arrange health care activities according to people's needs.
(4) The vernal equinox falls on March 20th or 2 1 day of the solar calendar every year. "The vernal equinox, Yin and Yang. So it's hot and cold day and night. " A word "fen" tells the boundary between day and night, cold and heat. It is recorded in the lunar calendar book: "The bucket refers to the vernal equinox, which is about Sunday, and the northern and southern hemispheres are divided equally day and night. It is the vernal equinox, hence the name vernal equinox. "
The vernal equinox is also the midpoint of 90 days in spring, and the northern and southern hemispheres are equal day and night. From this day on, the direct position of the sun gradually moved northward, and the length of day and night in the northern and southern hemispheres also changed. The northern hemisphere has long days and short nights, but the southern hemisphere is just the opposite. When the vernal equinox comes, the rainfall increases obviously, and the national average ground temperature is stable above 10℃, which is the spring temperature defined by climatology. After the spring equinox solar terms, the climate is mild, the rain is abundant, and the sun is shining, and the winter crops in most parts of China enter the spring growth stage.
Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, once described the vernal equinox wonderfully:
Mid-spring in Nanyuan, the wind and the smell of Ma Si, green plums like peas and willows, butterflies flying.
Whether in the north or the south, the vernal equinox and solar terms are good times for spring, and orchids are in full bloom in Taiwan Province Province, China.
(5) Qingming Qingming is on April 4 or 5 of the solar calendar every year. Qingming is a solar term representing phenology, which means sunny weather and lush vegetation. Tomb-Sweeping Day has folk customs such as climbing mountains, eating cold food and sweeping graves.
As the saying goes, "Qingming breaks snow, Grain Rain breaks frost." When the weather is clear, the climate is warm and the spring is strong. However, around Tomb-Sweeping Day, cold air still intrudes from time to time, so it is necessary to guard against the health hazards caused by strong cooling weather after spring.
(6) Grain Rain, Grain Rain, April 20th or 2 1 day of the Gregorian calendar every year. Grain Rain, which means "Rain gives birth to a hundred valleys", is the sixth solar term among the 24 solar terms and the last solar term in spring.
As the saying goes, "It snows in Qingming, but it snows in Grain Rain", and the average temperature in most parts of China is above 12℃. After Grain Rain, the temperature rose rapidly, and from that day on, the rainfall began to increase. Abundant rainfall has irrigated and moistened the newly planted seedlings and new crops, and the grain is growing well.
After the solar term in Grain Rain, the rainfall increased and the humidity in the air gradually increased. At this time, we can't leave the track of natural environment changes in promoting health preservation, and make the internal environment (physiological changes in the body) adapt to the changes in the external environment (external natural environment) through internal adjustment of the human body, thus maintaining normal physiological functions.
3. Climatic characteristics of six solar terms in summer. From the day of long summer to the day of beginning of autumn, summer includes six solar terms: long summer, full summer, busy summer, summer solstice, light summer and great summer. It is the season with the highest yang in a year, with a hot climate and full of vitality.
(1) Long summer, which falls on May 5th or 6th of the Gregorian calendar every year. Long summer has two meanings, one is long summer, and the other is that everything has grown up here. The original meaning of "Xia" is "Da". However, the cold and warm weather is different all over the country, and the time of entering summer is actually inconsistent. In the long summer, the summer heat comes, the temperature rises, thunderstorms increase, and animals and plants enter the peak season.
(2) Xiaoman Xiaoman is on May 2 1 or 22 of the solar calendar every year. Xiaoman means that summer crops such as wheat are full of milk and seeds. At this time, the rain is abundant, the light is sufficient and the temperature is suitable, which is beneficial to plant growth. The average temperature in the south of the Yangtze River is about 22℃, and the highest temperature can reach 35℃.
(3) Mango is planted on June 5th or 6th in the solar calendar every year. The awn seed is a symbol of the maturity of awned crops such as wheat and a solar term reflecting agricultural phenology. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in central China, the rainfall increases, the temperature rises, the air is often humid, the weather is extremely sultry, and all kinds of things are prone to mildew, so it is also called the rainy season.
④ The summer solstice is on June 2nd1or 22nd of the Gregorian calendar every year. On the solstice of summer, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, which is the longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere. From this day on, everything grows most vigorously in hot summer.
(5) It is light summer when trees are shaded. It falls on July 7 or 8 of the solar calendar every year.
Although the weather is hot at this time, it has not reached the extreme. Slight summer is the solar term with the most precipitation in the whole year, and there will be heavy rain, lightning and hail.
(6) The summer of the General Administration is July 23rd or July 24th of the solar calendar every year. "Summer heat" means heat, which means the hottest solar term in a year. At this time, before and after the second volt, high temperature weather above 40℃ often appears in many places in the Yangtze River Basin, which makes people extremely hot. However, the sultry summer is the season when jasmine and lotus are in full bloom. The hotter the weather, the stronger the fragrance, giving people a clean and fragrant enjoyment. Noble lotus flowers, not afraid of the sun and showers, gather in the morning and get together at dusk, which the poet praised as "reflecting the lotus flowers in different colors." The vibrant midsummer breeds a bumper harvest.
4. Climatic characteristics of six solar terms in autumn. Autumn lasts from the day of beginning of autumn to the day of beginning of winter, including six solar terms: beginning of autumn, first summer, white dew, autumnal equinox, cold dew and first frost. The six solar terms in autumn are sunny and the temperature drops gradually. Fruitful, everything is mature, and the climate is dry, and it has entered a transitional stage from hot to cold.
(1) beginning of autumn and beginning of autumn are on August 7th or 8th of the Gregorian calendar every year. Beginning of autumn indicates the arrival of autumn, which is a cold season. From this day on, the sky was crisp, the moon was bright and the wind was clear, and the temperature gradually dropped.
There is a saying, "It's cool in early autumn", that is to say, the beginning of autumn is the beginning of the cool season. However, due to China's vast territory and different latitudes and altitudes, it is practically impossible to enter the cool autumn in beginning of autumn at the same time.
From the climate characteristics, beginning of autumn is called "autumn tiger", because of the residual temperature in midsummer and the scorching sun in autumn, especially around beginning of autumn, many areas are still in hot weather. Meteorological data show that this hot climate often lasts until the middle and late September, and the weather can really cool down.
(2) Summer falls on August 23rd or 24th of the solar calendar every year. Being in the heat is the season when the heat ends. "Being in the heat" means hiding and ending. As the name implies, being in the heat indicates that the heat is coming to an end. At this time, the dog days have passed or come to an end, and there are proverbs all over the country, indicating that the summer heat is gradually disappearing. But the weather in autumn is not really cool, and the sunny afternoon is no less hot than summer and summer, which is the saying that "autumn tigers are as poisonous as tigers". This also reminds people that there will still be hot weather in autumn, which can be regarded as a return of summer.
The solar terms in summer are in the alternate period from hot to cool, and the yang in nature tends to converge from venting, and the rise and fall of yin and yang in human body also changes accordingly. At this time, the daily routine should be adjusted accordingly.
(3) Bailu Bailu is on September 7th or 8th of the Gregorian calendar every year. The Millennium is a typical autumn solar term and the beginning of a really cool season. Since this day, the weather has turned cold, and the water vapor in the air often condenses into dew on trees and flowers every night, and birds have begun to prepare for winter. Both of them are Millennium solar terms, and their scenery is different in different parts of China. The water vapor in the north is condensed, and some areas in the south are still full of flowers. There was a saying that "after a thousand years, osmanthus fragrance".
(4) September 23rd or 24th of the Gregorian calendar is the autumnal equinox. On the day of the autumnal equinox, it entered a cool autumn. "An autumn rain and a cold". The cold air from the south meets the warm and humid air that gradually decays, resulting in repeated rainfall and the temperature dropping again and again. Migratory birds such as geese and swallows began to fly in droves from the gradually cold north to the south.
(5) Cold dew and cold dew are on the 8th or 9th of every calendar year 10. The cold dew season is already cold and will condense into frost. At this time, the temperature is lower, the climate gradually turns from cold to cold, and the temperature difference between morning and evening is more obvious.
(6) The first frost, the first frost, is on the 23rd or 24th of 10 every year in Gregorian calendar 65438+. The first frost means that the weather turns cold and first frost begins.
At this time, the climate has gradually become cold, with frost at night and cold in the morning. Frost began to appear. There is a great temperature difference in the sky, and cold air often invades, resulting in a sudden drop in temperature.
5. Climatic characteristics of six solar terms in winter. Winter lasts from the day of beginning of winter to the day of beginning of spring, including six solar terms: beginning of winter, light snow, heavy snow, winter solstice, slight cold and severe cold. In the six solar terms in winter, the climate is cold, the vegetation withers, the Chinese caterpillar fungus stings, everything is hidden, and nature is full of cold and freezing.
(1) beginning of winter, beginning of winter, the Gregorian calendar1October 7th or 8th every year. "Start, start, winter, end, all things are harvested", which means that winter begins from now on. On that day in beginning of winter, the water began to freeze and the ground began to freeze.
(2) Xiaoxue Xiaoxue is in the solar calendar 165438+ every year1October 22nd or 23rd. Snow is the product of cold weather. At that time, it was cloudy, the cold was not deep, and the snow was not big, so it was named Xiaoxue. At this time, the area north of the Yellow River has reached Mengdong where the north wind blows and snowflakes float. At this time, the first snow will appear in northern China. Although the amount of snow is limited, it reminds us that it is the season to keep out the cold and keep warm. Before and after the light snow solar terms, the weather is often cold and gloomy.
(3) It snows heavily on February 7th or 8th of the Gregorian calendar every year. "The big one is also prosperous, and the snow is also prosperous at this point", indicating that the snowfall has begun to increase. The solar term of heavy snow often comes around1February 7. At this time, there is gradually snow in the Yellow River basin in China, while the northern part presents the charming landscape of Wan Li snow. People are looking forward to seeing the good omen of "abundant snow" in the heavy snow solar terms, which shows that the arrival of the heavy snow solar terms indicates auspiciousness in the coming year.
(4) Winter solstice The winter solstice is the 20th or 22nd of Gregorian calendar 65438+February 265438. Winter solstice is a very important solar term. The solstice in winter is the shortest day in a year, and the sun shines almost directly on the tropic of Capricorn. After the winter solstice, as the direct sun moves northward, the days gradually become longer. As the saying goes, after eating the winter solstice meal, the day becomes longer.
During the 45 days from this day to beginning of spring, the yang gradually rises and the yin gradually falls.
In most parts of China, it is customary to count nine days from winter to day, and every nine days is a section, and * * * is divided into 998 1 day. There is a folk song: "9999 don't shoot, 9949 walk on the ice, 9969 watch the willows along the river, 999 open the river, 999 swallow the swallow, 999 add 999, and plow cattle everywhere." This ballad vividly reflects the seasonal changes in different periods and also shows the wisdom of the working people in our country. Sanjiu is the coldest day, and the land area is the least hot, so it is also called "Sanjiu Cold". In the Yangtze River valley of China, there is a charming landscape of "wintersweet is the only one competing for beauty, though it is cold".
(5) The slight cold is on the 5th or 6th of the Gregorian calendar 10. Cold is cold, which means that the cold in winter has already begun. There is a folk proverb: "A little cold and a big cold make a cold mass." Slight cold indicates the degree of cold. Literally, the great cold is more terrible than the slight cold, but in meteorological records, the slight cold is colder than the great cold, which can be said to be the coldest of the 24 solar terms in the whole year. There is often a saying of "Sanjiu cold", and this "Sanjiu" is just within the slight cold solar terms. It is called slight cold instead of great cold because solar terms originated in the Yellow River basin. The twenty-four solar terms say: "The cold at the beginning of the month is still small ... but it is big in half a month." According to the situation at that time, it only lasted until today.
(6) The severe cold occurs on the 20th or 20th of the solar calendar 1 every year. Great cold is the last solar term in a year, and it is also a cold period in a year. In this solar term, the climate is relatively dry, precipitation is scarce, and there are often cold waves and windy weather.