① Zhou Youguang, an outstanding linguist in China and the "father of Chinese Pinyin", is 105 years old this year. In addition to hearing AIDS for his ears, he is quick-thinking and insists on writing. Every month, articles are published in newspapers and periodicals at home and abroad. When CCTV interviewed him about the secret of longevity, Zhou Lao said, "You should be open-minded and have a good attitude." The host joked, "What if I still can't get over it?" Zhou Lao followed: "Turn a corner and you want to drive away! Turn a corner, bad things are good things. " Zhou Lao's theory of "transformation" is a summary of his century-old health care experience and wisdom in life, and also a piece of advice to people.

History is like a car on a winding road, in which everyone is a passenger. The car has turned, and people who don't turn with the car are in danger of falling. Stalin put it more vividly: "Whenever the car of history turns a corner, someone will always fall off it." The reason is that these people don't adapt to the turning of the car and take the initiative to turn. Einstein said: "The highest skill of human beings is to be able to actively adapt to objective conditions." Adaptation, in layman's terms, is to turn a corner. It can be seen that "Zhuan" is a key word in the dictionary of life. Because everyone has different understanding, mastery and application of this word, it has caused different lives and interpreted a colorful world. Therefore, only by actively adapting to the historical trend and objective conditions can people survive and develop better.

(3) As the saying goes, life is difficult to walk in it. When it doesn't work, turn a corner. This "turn" is not to give up or quit, but to peek at the direction of progress in detours, find favorable factors in difficulties, and make rational choices after sizing up the situation. During the Cultural Revolution, Ji Xianlin, a famous professor at Peking University, was ordered to keep the building and answer the phone. Most people think this is an unbearable humiliation, but Ji Lao thinks it is a rare opportunity. It took him three years to translate the 2.8 million-word Indian epic Ramayana, which has set up a monument for China's translation history and cultural exchanges between China and India.

④ Some people use the letter "V" to describe "turn": the left half stands for downward and the right half stands for upward; There is a downward trend on the left, but it ends at the bottom and turns upward. This is a retreat and turning point from a negative state to a positive state. Sometimes it is the same to do one thing. You think you have failed. If you think from another angle, you will suddenly find that you are already on the road to another success. In the Hailan Palace in Jiande, Iran, the designer originally planned to embed the mirror in the wall. When the mirror was transported from abroad to the construction site, it was broken. They boldly innovated and embedded these fragments into the walls and ceilings. Therefore, the ceiling and walls seem to be inlaid with dazzling "diamonds", making Tehran Palace the most beautiful mosaic building in the world.

It can be seen that it is extremely important to learn to "turn" between heaven and earth. Learning to "turn" requires not only a good attitude to face difficulties, but also great wisdom to resolve difficulties. (Selected from Thinking and Wisdom, No.9, 20 1 1, with changes)

1. What role does the first paragraph of the article play in the full text? (2 points)

2. Paragraphs ②-④ of the article specifically explain how to learn to "turn". Please make a brief summary. (3 points)

3. Read the following sentences, contact the context and explore the questions in brackets. (4 points)

(1) Some people use the letter "V" to describe "turn": the left half stands for downward and the right half stands for upward; There is a downward trend on the left, but it ends at the bottom and turns upward. What are the advantages of using the letter "V" to describe "Zhuan"? )

(2) Learning to "turn" requires not only a good attitude towards difficulties, but also great wisdom to resolve difficulties. Why can't "not only" and "more" added in the sentence be deleted? )

Paragraph (3) of the article says: "When life is difficult and it doesn't work, turn a corner." Please combine your own experience and talk about your understanding of this sentence. (3 points)

Answer: 1. Introduce discussion topics (arguments), stimulate readers' interest in reading, and demonstrate the importance of learning to "turn" when writing arguments. (2 points, write two points, the meaning is correct. )

2.( 1) Follow the trend and actively adapt. (2) Assess the situation and make rational choices. (3) Think from another angle and make bold innovations. (3 points, each point 1 minute, which means right. )

(1) vividly reveals the meaning of "turn"-"turn" is a turning point from a negative state to a positive state.

(2) The author emphasizes that "great wisdom to solve difficulties" is more important than "good attitude to face difficulties" in learning "turn". If "not only" and "more" are deleted, there will be no such expression effect. These two words reflect the rigor of argumentative language. (4 points, 2 points for each small question, the meaning is right. )

This sentence means that people often encounter difficulties in life and need to learn to "turn around" to get themselves out of trouble. (3 points, 1 point to understand the meaning of the sentence, 2 points to analyze the life or study experience. It makes sense. )