Health care principles and methods of iron deficiency anemia: actively treat the etiology and primary disease of iron deficiency anemia with definite etiology, use iron agents and traditional Chinese medicine, and properly apply iron-rich foods, which can achieve satisfactory results. (1) Etiology The main reasons for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia are: ① nutritional factors; ② Chronic blood loss; ③ Absorptive disorder. Most iron deficiency anemia can be prevented and treated, and health education and preventive measures should be paid attention to in the special population prone to such anemia. Including: ① improving the way of breast feeding for infants, and adding appropriate complementary foods in time, such as egg yolk, vegetables, meat, liver and so on. Strengthen the dietary nutrition of children during their growth and development, appropriately supplement iron-rich foods, and correct bad partial eclipse habits. ② Women can take 0.2 or 0.3g of ferrous sulfate orally every day during the third trimester of pregnancy and lactation. The World Health Organization proposes to add medicinal iron to the food of pregnant women and babies to prevent iron deficiency anemia, which is a very effective prescription. (3) At present, due to the aging population and the increasing number of people who lose weight in China, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in this group of people has greatly increased, which should be highly concerned. For iron deficiency anemia in the elderly, factors such as tumor, chronic inflammation and infection should be excluded. It is necessary to educate dieters to adopt correct and reasonable weight loss methods so as not to cause malnutrition and iron deficiency anemia. ④ Carry out large-scale prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases in areas where hookworm diseases are prevalent, and timely deal with peptic ulcer, digestive tract tumor, chronic bleeding focus, etc. ⑤ Once you suffer from iron deficiency anemia, you should actively look for the causes and primary diseases of iron deficiency, carry out corresponding etiological treatment, and fundamentally cure the disease. This is especially true for iron deficiency anemia caused by gastrointestinal tumors and long-term diarrhea. (2) Rest and exercise Due to different degrees of anemia, patients often cannot tolerate normal or even strenuous labor and sports, and are prone to symptoms of hypoxia such as dizziness, dizziness, nausea, palpitation and shortness of breath, which is very unfavorable to health. However, this does not mean that anemia patients can never engage in any form of physical exercise and labor, and can only stay in bed. The daily activity of patients should be determined according to their degree, age, physique and cardiopulmonary compensatory function, and bed rest, appropriate activities and exercise should be adopted respectively. For young patients with mild anemia, we should encourage them to take part in some physical exercises with little exercise, such as jogging, walking, brisk walking, doing radio exercises, practicing Qigong in Hexiang Village and playing Tai Ji Chuan. And the suitable time is 65,438+0 hours, so as to avoid the above symptoms of hypoxia, such as feeling tired, dizzy, flustered and so on. For young patients with moderate anemia and elderly patients with mild anemia, rest is the main thing, and exercise and labor are carried out according to one's ability. If possible, they can do light housework such as cooking, washing dishes, washing clothes and mopping the floor. Because moderate exercise and labor are still conducive to the rehabilitation of iron deficiency anemia, it can enhance physical fitness, increase appetite and promote the absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with severe anemia should rest for 1 ~ 2 weeks, stay in bed when necessary, and get up and move after anemia symptoms improve. During the recovery period, we should pay attention to the combination of proper rest and activities, and gradually increase the amount of activities. In addition, all anemia patients should ensure adequate sleep and avoid staying up late and heavy physical labor, so as not to increase the burden on the heart and lungs, affect the gastrointestinal function and the absorption of nutrients, and be conducive to the recovery of good health. (3) Oxygen therapy and blood transfusion Generally speaking, iron deficiency anemia mostly belongs to chronic mild and moderate anemia, and hemoglobin is higher than 60 g/L. After two weeks of etiological treatment and iron supplementation, anemia can be gradually improved without oxygen therapy and blood transfusion. The target of oxygen therapy blood transfusion is a small number of patients with severe iron deficiency anemia, or elderly patients, or basic diseases such as heart disease and lung disease, and patients have insufficient compensatory function for ischemia and hypoxia. This kind of patients should be treated differently by infusion of concentrated red blood cells, and it is appropriate for young patients to reach 60g/L after transfusion. It is advisable for elderly patients or patients with basic diseases such as heart and lung to make hemoglobin above 80g/L after blood transfusion. At the same time, oxygen therapy can be taken to correct hypoxia and improve the quality of life, and appropriate activities and exercises can be carried out when the condition is obviously improved. The direct effect of oxygen therapy is to increase arterial oxygen partial pressure, while routine oxygen supply can only partially improve anemia patients. The exact index of oxygen supply is arterial oxygen partial pressure. Oxygen should be given when the partial pressure of oxygen is lower than 60mmHg(8kPa). Usually, when the oxygen partial pressure is above 60mmHg(8kPa), the oxygen saturation is above 90%, and most of them do not need oxygen. The main method of oxygen therapy for anemia patients is to give oxygen through nasal catheter or nasal plug. The oxygen flow rate is 1 ~ 3l/min for adults and 0.5 ~ 1l/min for infants, and the inhaled oxygen concentration can reach about 30 ~ 40%. In particular, oxygen therapy should be combined with the correction of anemia, and simple oxygen therapy is of little significance to the correction of anemia. Ltot should prevent oxygen poisoning, and the inhaled oxygen concentration should not exceed 50 ~ 60%. (4) Diet Conditioning Diet conditioning is very important for iron deficiency anemia and can achieve good curative effect. Usually, the iron content in animal blood is the highest and the absorption rate is the highest, followed by pig liver and other animal livers. The iron content in egg yolk is also high, but the absorption rate is low. Other foods with high iron content are sesame, mustard, celery, laver, fungus, kelp and so on. Among fruits, apricots, peaches, plums, raisins, red dates and cherries contain more iron. Patients with iron deficiency anemia should eat more animal foods such as animal blood, animal liver, lean meat, eggs, squid, jellyfish, dried shrimps, and plant foods such as sesame, kelp, fungus, laver, mushrooms, soybeans, black beans, yuba, red fermented bean curd, celery, shepherd's purse, red dates, sunflower seeds and walnut kernels. Studies show that vitamin C, meat, fructose, amino acids and fat can increase the absorption of iron, while tea, coffee, milk, vegetable acid and wheat bran can inhibit the absorption of iron, so we should pay attention to the reasonable collocation of food in our diet. Especially B vitamins and vitamin C, such as fresh green leafy vegetables and fruits (such as apples, tomatoes, cauliflower, potatoes, cabbage, etc. ) can promote the absorption of iron in the intestine. If necessary, vitamin C tablets can be taken orally to promote the absorption of iron. Advocate the use of iron pot cooking. It should be noted that patients with iron deficiency anemia should not drink more tea and coffee after meals, especially long-term strong tea, because tea and coffee contain tannic acid, which affects the absorption of iron after combining with iron. In daily cooking, the following blood-enriching and dietotherapy remedies can be adopted. ① Pork liver spinach porridge. Pig liver100g, japonica rice150g, spinach150g. Slice the pork liver, wash the spinach, remove the roots and cut into sections, boil the japonica rice with water into porridge, then add the pork liver and spinach, add a little chopped green onion, ginger slices and salt to taste until the pork liver is cooked. Can be eaten as breakfast, dinner or snacks. Efficacy: nourishing liver and blood. Indications: anemia conditioning or winter health conditioning. 2 eggs and pork loin porridge. Egg 1, pork loin 1, and 60 grams of glutinous rice. Slice pork tenderloin without fascia, break eggs, add seasoning and mix well, cook porridge with glutinous rice, then add eggs and pork tenderloin and cook slightly. Can be used as breakfast, dinner or dessert. Efficacy: Bushen Jianpi. Indications: Anemia belongs to deficiency of both spleen and kidney. ③ Pork blood spinach porridge. Pig blood100g, fresh spinach, japonica rice100g. Cut pig blood into small pieces, cook it in boiling water, take it out, put spinach in boiling water, slightly scald it, take it out, cut it into pieces, add water to cook it into rice porridge, and when the porridge is finished, add pig blood and spinach and season. Breakfast and dinner can be eaten often. Efficacy: nourishing liver and blood, moistening intestines and relaxing bowels. Indications: Anemia belongs to liver and kidney deficiency, intestinal dryness and constipation. 4 red bean porridge. Glutinous rice 100g, red beans 50g and red dates 10. Wash the three things, add water to the pot and cook porridge. Eat it every morning and evening, or as a snack. Efficacy: invigorating spleen and stomach, clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting diuresis to reduce swelling and promoting lactation. Indications: Anemia caused by spleen and stomach weakness, edema and postpartum hypogalactia. (5) The medicine can be nursed back to health with Chinese patent medicine, or it can be nursed back to health with the combination of medicine and food supplement. Commonly used Chinese patent medicines are: ① Xiaowen Pill. 65438+ 0.5 ~ 3g each time, 3 times a day. Efficacy: invigorating spleen and nourishing blood, clearing heat and drying dampness. Indications: yellow spleen strain. ② Logging pills. 65438+ 0.5g each time, 3 times a day. Efficacy: Dryness and dampness transport spleen, purging liver and promoting digestion. Indications: strong liver and weak spleen, malnutrition, yellow swelling of skin, fullness of heart and abdomen, weakness of limbs, eating without digestion. ③ Guipi Pill. 8 ~ 10 capsules each time, 3 times a day. Efficacy: Yiqi Jianpi, nourishing blood and calming the nerves. Indications: shortness of breath, palpitation, insomnia, dreaminess, dizziness, weakness of limbs, loss of appetite, metrorrhagia and hematochezia. ④ Bazhen Granules. 65438+ 0 bags each time, 3 times a day. Efficacy: both qi and blood are supplemented. Indications: Used for sallow complexion, dizziness, weakness of limbs, loss of appetite and cold hands and feet caused by deficiency of both qi and blood. ⑤ Compound Zaofan Pills. Take 7-9 capsules once, three times a day, after meals. Efficacy: Warming kidney and strengthening marrow, benefiting qi and nourishing yin, stopping bleeding and generating blood. Indications: Bone marrow injury and iron deficiency anemia caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy belong to deficiency of both spleen and kidney. Avoid tea. The commonly used remedies for medicinal diet and dietotherapy are: ① Huangqi Chicken Juice Porridge. Hen 1, Astragalus membranaceus 15g, japonica rice 100g. Wash hens, fry concentrated chicken juice and astragalus juice. Cook porridge with 100g japonica rice, chicken juice and medicinal juice every time. Eat it while it is hot in the morning and evening. Efficacy: tonify qi and blood, replenish lean qi, invigorate qi and yang, strengthen exterior and stop sweating. Indications: anemia patients with chronic physical weakness, deficiency of both qi and blood and malnutrition. 2 quail eggs with longan. 12g longan meat, 4 quail eggs, 15g brown sugar. Break quail eggs, put them in a bowl with longan meat and brown sugar, add 60 ~ 100 ml of water and steam them on rice. 65438+ 0 times every morning, you can eat regularly. Efficacy: tonify qi and blood, soothe the nerves, improve intelligence, increase muscle and maintain beauty. Indications: blood fatigue, insomnia, palpitation, neurasthenia and hypomnesis. It is not suitable for people with internal heat and pregnant women. ③ Peanut and red jujube soup. 200g of peanuts and 30-50g of red dates. Put the red dates and peanuts in the same pot, add water and boil until the peanuts are cooked. Eat red dates, peanuts and soup. Efficacy: spleen and blood. Indications: Anemia due to spleen deficiency and blood deficiency. People who get angry are not fit to eat. ④ Shenqi Dog Decoction. Dog meat1000g, Codonopsis pilosula 20g, Lycium barbarum10g, Cuscuta chinensis10g, Amomum villosum 5g and Achyranthes bidentata15g. Except dog meat, the casserole is boiled in water for 30 minutes, and the medicine juice is poured out. Cut the dog meat into small pieces, add seasonings such as soy sauce, sugar, yellow wine, onion, ginger, monosodium glutamate, etc., marinate it, put it in a pot, add medicinal juice and appropriate amount of water, boil it, and simmer it until the dog meat is cooked. Eat with meals. Efficacy: Yiqi Ziyin, Wenyang Buxue. Indications: Anemia due to spleen deficiency, kidney yin deficiency and kidney yang deficiency. Not suitable for people with yin deficiency and excessive fire. ⑤ Xianya. 1 duck, 3 grams of ginseng, 20 grams of longan meat, 50 grams of lotus seeds and 50 Chinese dates. Remove hair and viscera from ducks, chop off feet, wash and drain. Slice ginseng, swell lotus seeds with water, remove the skin and heart, remove the core of jujube, and wash longan pulp. Mix 5 grams of salt, 50 ml of soy sauce and 30 ml of cooking wine and apply them on the body surface and abdomen of ducks. Mix ginseng, longan, lotus seeds and jujube, fill the duck belly, put it in a casserole, put it in a cage and steam it with strong fire until the duck is cooked. Eat with meals. Efficacy: invigorating spleen and benefiting qi. Indications: debilitating anemia after illness and senile debilitating anemia.