Abstract: With the development of social economy and culture and the improvement of people's living standards, most of the chronic non-hereditary diseases that threaten human health are related to improper nutrient intake. Since the end of 1990s, diseases caused by overnutrition and unbalanced nutrition have been on the rise, which has seriously affected the health level of China residents. How to prevent and treat nutritional diseases has become an important issue for human health. Be sure to know some knowledge about diet that should be paid attention to in life, as well as related dietary problems that people should pay attention to.

Keywords: rational nutrition, dietary diabetes

The health of human body needs a healthy diet to maintain. Diet is the source of nutrition and life-sustaining activities. A reasonable diet can not only supplement nutrition, but also cure diseases and prolong life, while improper diet will lead to diseases. Diet plays an important role in disease prevention and health care. Diet contains essential nutrients for human body, and insufficient, excessive or unreasonable intake of nutrients will cause nutritional diseases.

Theme: What is the meaning of nutrition? "Camp" is seeking, "nurturing" is preserving health, and together they are seeking preserving health. The most basic meaning of nutrition refers to obtaining all kinds of substances needed for life activities, that is, nutrition is a process in which human beings ingest, digest, absorb and utilize nutrients in physical objects to maintain life activities. Nutrients refer to the material basis on which human beings live. At present, there are 42 known nutrients, which can be divided into six categories: protein, lipids, sugars, vitamins, inorganic salts and water (protein, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and water). In recent years, some scholars believe that dietary fiber is also a nutrient. They not only have their own physiological functions, such as energy supply, organization and regulation, but also are closely related in the process of metabolism and participate in life activities. Different foods have different nutritional values, and no food contains all the nutrients necessary for the human body; People must eat all kinds of food every day in order to get enough nutrition in a proper proportion. If the long-term nutrient intake is insufficient or excessive, it may cause harm to the body and lead to diseases.

At present, human diseases related to nutrition in the world are concentrated in two aspects. First of all, the nutrient deficiency caused by insufficient nutrient intake or poor utilization, mainly micronutrient deficiency. Followed by various chronic non-communicable diseases related to excessive or unbalanced nutrient intake. International authoritative experts believe that about 1/3 of cancers are related to diet. Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes are more closely related to dietary nutrition. So if you want to have a healthy body, you can't ignore your own maintenance. Let's see how protein and vitamins affect people's health.

1, protein

Protein is the basic component of all living cells. It consists of 20 basic amino acids, 9 of which cannot be synthesized in human body and must be obtained from food. They are the basic units of protein. The human body is composed of countless cells, of which protein is the main part. It is not only the main component of the human body, but also the substance that constitutes various important life activities in the human body. Therefore, there are thousands of protein in human body, including countless enzymes that human beings depend on for survival, various hormones that act on human metabolism, various immune substances that resist diseases, carriers of various micronutrients, and neurotransmitters that regulate normal osmotic pressure and various body fluids. Therefore, protein is in a central position among various nutrients.

Lack of protein can be fatal. If the human body loses more than 20% of protein, life activities will be forced to stop, which can be seen in patients with cachexia who have been ill for a long time. The common symptoms of protein deficiency are decreased metabolic rate, fragile life, easy to get sick, and the long-term damage to organs is certain. The lack of protein is often accompanied by the lack of energy, such as growth retardation, weight loss, apathy, irritability, anemia, emaciation or edema, susceptibility to infection and secondary diseases.

2, vitamins

Vitamin is an organic chemical substance, which is necessary to maintain human life. They naturally exist in food and can hardly be synthesized by human body. They need very little, each has its own special physiological function, and neither participates in body composition nor provides energy. When people lack certain vitamins, their metabolism will not develop normally, and even diseases will occur. There are many kinds of vitamins with different chemical structures and physiological and biochemical functions. However, all vitamins have one thing in common: vitamins are not raw materials for tissues and cells, nor are they energy substances for the human body. Most of them are various coenzyme auxiliary groups of human body, which regulate the material metabolism and energy metabolism of human body through the action of enzymes.

In recent years, diseases caused by overnutrition and unbalanced nutrition are on the rise, which seriously affects the health level of Chinese residents.

Take obesity as an example. In the whole population, especially among urban residents, the incidence of obesity is on the rise. The main reason of obesity is that long-term intake of high-calorie and high-fat food, which is called delicious, leads to excessive fat storage in the body, which leads to obesity. Obesity not only makes people bloated, reduces their exercise ability, but also affects their health. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in obese people is much higher than that in normal weight people.

In order to prevent obesity, we should pay attention to the following points:

1. The intake of nutrients should be reasonable and balanced. That is, protein, carbohydrate intake should be moderate, and the intake of animal and vegetable oils should be controlled.

3. Eating habits should be three meals a day, quantitative. Eating two meals is more likely to cause hunger, which in turn leads to overeating, which is counterproductive.

3. Eat less snacks, many of which are high in calories, such as chocolate, candy and potato chips. If you eat snacks, you should eat snacks with less calories, such as yogurt and fruit.

4. Strengthen exercise: Take part in more exercise to promote energy consumption in the body.

And hypertension is also a big killer of human health. At present, there are about 50 million hypertensive patients in China, including severe hypertension. Studies have shown that the occurrence of hypertension is positively correlated with salt intake, that is, the greater the salt content, the higher the incidence of hypertension. The salt intake of China residents is relatively high, reaching 13- 15g per day, while the World Health Organization recommends that the salt intake should be less than 6g per day. Therefore, salt intake should be limited. Another result shows that calcium can antagonize the hypotensive effect of sodium, so increasing calcium intake has an auxiliary hypotensive effect.

So, how can we effectively control diet and prevent diseases? We should learn to eat reasonably. Reasonable diet is a comprehensive concept, which requires not only the provision of heat energy and various nutrients to meet the physiological needs of human body through the allocation of diet, but also a balanced diet composition ratio, and also a reasonable diet system and cooking methods to facilitate the digestion and utilization of various nutrients.

Reasonable diet should be done in the following aspects: first, food is diverse, mainly cereals; Second, eat more vegetables, fruits and potatoes; Third, often eat milk, beans or their products; Fourth, eat fish, eggs and lean meat, and eat less fat and leeks; Five, food intake and physical labor should be balanced, and maintain an appropriate weight; Sixth, the diet is light and salt-free; Seven, such as drinking, should be limited; Eight, eat clean and hygienic, and the real thing is not bad.

Also, it is necessary to establish a reasonable diet system: breakfast accounts for 30%, lunch accounts for 40%, and dinner accounts for 30%; The interval between meals is 4-6 hours. Breakfast should be high in energy and protein, lunch should be high in nutrition, and dinner should be less, including fruit.

Summary: With the improvement of people's living standards, the consideration of diet has changed from "full" to "good". The core of nutrition is rationality, that is, what to eat and how to eat. Rational nutrition is a comprehensive concept, which requires not only providing energy and various nutrients to meet human physiological needs through dietary allocation, but also changing reasonable dietary system and cooking methods to facilitate the digestion of various nutrients. In addition, we should also avoid the imbalance of diet structure, the excessive intake of some nutrients, and the loss of nutrients or the formation of harmful substances during cooking, because these may affect our health. However, due to the lack of nutrition knowledge, many people have a wrong understanding of "eating well", mistakenly thinking that eating greasy, sweet and delicious things is "eating well", so that they eat too many high-calorie foods such as oil and sugar. As a result, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and other diseases related to improper dietary nutrition intake have increased significantly in some people with better economic conditions, indicating that nutrition knowledge has been popularized after the improvement of material conditions. Only by developing good eating habits, mastering scientific nutrition knowledge and persisting for a long time can we effectively prevent and control diseases, maintain a healthy body and enjoy life better!

If you adopt it, I am willing to provide more help. Thank you!