Ancient medical scientists in China believed that the standard of choosing food should be "happy stomach", and the food suitable for one's taste has the function of keeping healthy and eliminating diseases, so one can choose to eat it. "Stomach supplements happiness" was once a famous saying handed down by Ye Xing Lin, a master of Xinglin in Qing Dynasty. He is a patient in Ceng Zhi. His appearance has declined, and he has become tired and timid. He looked at the previous treatment and repeatedly selected tonic, but it didn't work at all, and he didn't think about diet, and his condition became more and more serious. After feeling his pulse, he said to the patient, "It's useless to seek medical advice. Eat properly, and your stomach will be filled with joy. If you don't know how the stomach likes to know the taste, it is really difficult to draw up a recipe and don't take medicine for the time being. " He told me to cook porridge with Xiang Lian, Euryale ferox, fragrant glutinous rice, jujube, lily, bird's nest and pigeon eggs every day, and the patient miraculously recovered. Ye also said: "The medicine is not expensive, but the symptoms are good; The food is not supplemented, and it is palatable and precious. " These epigrams have a great influence on the health of the elderly. Diet is the source of nutrition for the body and an indispensable condition for maintaining life and survival. Diet should be moderate, moderate and palatable, otherwise it will not be able to absorb the nuances, which will cause future troubles.
China's ancient Neijing advocated: "Five grains are the supplement, five fruits are the help, five animals are the benefit, and five dishes are the supplement." "Grains" generally refer to grains and beans, which are the foundation of health preservation. "Five Livestock" refers to animal food, which is the main source of human body fat. The quality of animal protein is high, which supplements the deficiency of protein content in cereals. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has always believed that the nourishing effect of "flesh and blood" is stronger than that of flowers and trees. Pork, for example, is the favorite of "body tonic, skin smoothing, meat tonic and shaping". According to the "Medical Records", "A person suffered from heatstroke, and after being smoked by heat evil, body fluid and blood dried up, and it was difficult to recover with herbs. After drinking pork and japonica rice porridge, the full moon healed after three days. "In addition, meat is also a good source of inorganic salts such as iron, copper, sulfur and phosphorus and B vitamins.
Now there is a jingle, "Old people should live a long life and eat one or two meats a day". Japanese medical experts believe that "it is a dogma that the elderly can't eat greasy food", and eating more meat can prolong life. This is because meat contains a variety of rich amino acids, which can keep blood vessels soft and improve immunity. Based on the follow-up survey of 70-year-old people, they concluded that longevity requires the following conditions: more protein in the blood; More hemoglobin; Fat and thin should be moderate; The grip strength of the hand is strong; Strong short-term memory; Have the habit of loving sports; Do not smoke, drink less; Participate in social activities frequently; Drink milk; Eat some greasy food in moderation.
Some experts believe that it is ideal for the elderly to eat 50 grams of meat, 80 grams of fish, 1 egg (about 50 grams) and 1 bottle of milk (200 ml) every day.
However, some experts believe that vegetarianism has advantages over meat. Vegetarian food has many advantages, such as: ① Vegetarian food can improve human immunity. People who are vegetarian for a long time have twice the anti-tumor ability of white blood cells in their bodies as those who eat meat for a long time, and the probability of suffering from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, gout, arthritis, renal failure, brain dementia and other diseases is also lower than that of ordinary people. Vegetarians can eliminate the worry of constipation. Meat is the direct cause of constipation. Meat has less fiber, and the speed of moving in the intestine after being ingested by people is much slower than that of plant food. Our human body has a long digestive tract, the large intestine is bent and wrinkled, and the meat we eat cannot be excreted in time, leading to constipation. Vegetarianism makes people wise. Whether people are smart or not mainly depends on the speed of information transmission between brain cells. When the body fluid is alkaline, the speed and effect of information transmission between brain cells are in the best state, and people become smart; When the body fluid is acidic, the brain is slow to respond and act slowly, and the efficiency of study and work is in a low state, which makes people look clumsy. Meat is an acidic food, which will make body fluids tend to be acidic after ingestion; Vegetables and fruits are alkaline foods, which will make body fluids alkaline after intake. From this perspective, meat will not only make people fat, but also make people dull; Vegetarian food will not only bring people health, but also make people smart. ④ Reduce the incidence of cancer. Vegetarian food contains high fiber, such as vegetables, melons and fruits. High fiber food can not only reduce cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular diseases, but also reduce the incidence of cancer, such as helping to prevent colon cancer and rectal cancer. In a group of testers who ate high-fiber food, the probability of developing colon and rectal cancer was only 57% of that of the group who ate low-fiber food. Another study in the Netherlands also pointed out that the death rate of cancer patients who eat high-fiber food is only 1/3 of those who eat low-fiber food. ⑤ Help the human body maintain a standard body shape. Obesity has always been an important factor leading to heart disease and hypertension. According to the report, if every American can keep within the standard weight range, the probability of suffering from coronary atherosclerotic heart disease will be reduced by 25%, and the probability of suffering from congestive cardiomyopathy will be reduced by 35%, which shows the impact of obesity on heart disease. We know that high-fiber foods are related to cardiovascular diseases to a considerable extent. Perhaps we will also think, can high-fiber foods also have a positive impact on obesity? The answer is yes. Regular consumption of high-fiber foods can reduce weight, mainly because these foods contain a lot of sugar and a very small amount of fat, and high-fiber foods usually take a long time to digest, which prolongs the time for the stomach to empty food and is prone to satiety. In addition, high-fiber food can reduce the secretion of insulin within the physiological range, thus reducing food intake, mainly because insulin itself can enhance appetite. 8 can control blood sugar concentration. High fiber food not only controls blood lipid and weight, but also has clinical significance for diabetes. The incidence of diabetes in low fiber diet group is much higher than that in high fiber diet group. High fiber diet can reduce the demand for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents for diabetic patients and effectively control blood sugar concentration. How much fiber does it take to meet the so-called high fiber standard? According to the data published by some American health organizations, the daily intake of cellulose by ordinary people in developed countries is 10g ~ 20g, which is only half of the recommended intake, while the intake of cellulose by American citizens is only 1/3 of the recommended intake. Perhaps this can explain why some "diseases of wealth", such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity, have a fairly high incidence in developed countries. Where can I get the right amount of cellulose? Vegetables, fruits, cereals, pods and cereals are all foods containing high fiber.
Some experts believe that people's physical structure and physiological characteristics basically determine that people are vegetarians. The feeding habits of various animals in nature can be roughly divided into three categories: carnivorous, herbivorous and fruity. All three animals have different physical and structural characteristics. Carnivores, such as lions and wolves, not only have sharp claws and teeth to help fight, but also their digestive systems are very simple. The intestine is only three times as long as the body length, and the gastric acid content is 10 times that of non-carnivores. This structure can expel carrion, bacteria and toxins as soon as possible.
As for herbivores such as cattle and horses, they all live on grass and leaves. Because they have to chew rough grass food, they not only have 24 teeth like knives to help grind food, but also contain more enzymes and salicin in their saliva than carnivores. They have no claws and teeth, but their intestines are longer than those of carnivores and 10 times their body length.
Fruit-eating animals mainly refer to apes, and they take fruits as their main food. Because the fruit fiber content is high, it should be chewed with molars, and the saliva is alkaline, which is conducive to food digestion. The intestinal tract of fruit-eating animals is longer than that of internal-eating and herbivorous animals, which is 12 times of the body length, and it is easier to digest fruits and vegetables.
It is certainly impossible for people to eat all kinds of meat animals that have just been slaughtered and have not been treated alive. When cooking, they need to add a lot of condiments to make the meat a "mixture" before eating. It can be seen that human beings are not born to eat meat.
Judging from the structure of human teeth and intestines, human diet should be omnivorous, and plant-based food should be the main food. The ratio of animal food to plant food is 1: 7. In today's "rich disease", the food bought and packed in the vegetable basket should be mainly vegetarian with high fiber, but we can't rule out meat dishes, and scientific collocation is better. A scientific and reasonable diet should be vegetarian, mainly vegetarian, eat less big fish and meat, and eat more vegetables and fruits; Eat less fried greasy food and more beans and dairy products; Eat less salty and sweet food and eat more seafood.
In order to get rid of the misunderstanding of diet in people's lives, some people tend to engage in absolute diet. If they think it's delicious, they will eat and drink hard. If they think it is bad, they will never taste it. Some people pursue fashion and westernization, which will lead to partial eclipse and fall into the misunderstanding of diet, which will not only affect health, but also cause various diseases over time. Common misunderstandings are as follows:
1. People think that the more green food you eat, the better. Natural green food contains a lot of vitamins and inorganic salts, which is really beneficial to the human body, but the more intake, the better, because eating only green food will cause nutritional imbalance and morbidity. A survey published in Russia pointed out that if people only eat green food, their health will be damaged, and those who are light will overeat, and those who are heavy will start to seek spiritual stimulation, such as smoking, drinking and even taking drugs, and their health level will be seriously reduced, which is the result of insufficient nitrate intake.
Through generations of reproduction, human beings have accepted and become accustomed to the content of nitrate in daily food, and even the human body has undergone adaptive changes at the genetic level. Nitrate has become an essential substance for human body like vitamins and inorganic salts. Green food with little or no nitrate can not guarantee the normal needs of human body, and eating only green food will destroy the nutritional balance in human body.
Chem Nogo Rove, director of the Moscow Institute of Nutrition, believes that it is irresponsible to publicize how eating green food is good for health, and it is a wrong consumption orientation to eat only green food in the process of improving people's living standards. He suggested that people should not only eat green food in their daily life. In short, don't blindly follow the trend.
2. Some people think that tonic is beneficial and harmless, and tonic is constant all year round, and staple food and non-staple food are seldom eaten. They think that eating more tonics such as ginseng, honey and tremella can prolong life. In fact, tonics are high in calories. Old people with hypertension (or patients with hypertension) often take this tonic, which is likely to further increase their blood pressure. The survey found that 70% of the elderly know that they need to strengthen nutrition and improve nutrition, but only about 10% really know and achieve reasonable nutrition. Most elderly people don't think that three meals a day is the main source of nutrition. Some people can't even eat150g staple food a day, so they generally don't pay attention to drinking milk. When medical staff advised them to increase nutrition, many elderly people said they had taken American ginseng, bird's nest, fish oil and other health care products. As we all know, medicine tonic is not as good as food tonic, and the elderly have to rely mainly on vegetable baskets to supplement it. This is the safest and most beneficial nutritional supplement.
People think that the more fish you eat, the better. Fish's fat contains unsaturated fatty acids, which has anti-atherosclerosis effect, so it is beneficial to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, enhance memory, protect eyesight and eliminate inflammation. However, scientists have confirmed that eating more fish is not the better, because fish contains a lot of eicosapentaenoic acid, which can inhibit platelet aggregation. Long-term excessive consumption of fish can reduce platelet aggregation and cause various spontaneous bleeding, such as skin purpura and cerebral hemorrhage. Eskimos mainly eat fish. Although almost none of them suffer from coronary heart disease and cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage has become one of the important causes of their death.
4. It is considered that the nutritional value of eating old hens is better than that of eating young hens, which is not proportional to the age of chickens. The chicken content of old hens has not increased for many years, mainly due to the accumulation of chicken oil in the body, the decrease of muscle elastic fibers and the aging of connective tissue with age. Therefore, the meat of the old hen is particularly tough, difficult to cook for a long time, and not easy to be digested and absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, so it is far less delicious and nutritious than broilers. If it is for tonic, you can raise 1 year chicken, which is easy to cook, fragrant and nutritious.
Some people think that drinking chicken soup is more tonic than eating chicken. They say that the essence of meat is in soup, and chicken soup is more nutritious than chicken. Drink chicken soup instead of chicken when tonic. Actually this is a misunderstanding. Yes, when stewing chicken soup, oxygen-containing compounds in chicken, such as creatine, creatinine, purine base, a small amount of amino acids and water-soluble vitamins, are dissolved in the soup. However, due to the solidification of protein, only a small part of it is hydrolyzed into amino acids and dissolved in soup, and most of it remains in chicken. Protein in chicken soup is only 7% of chicken. Therefore, in order to eat more high-quality protein, we should not only drink chicken soup, but also eat chicken.
Eating more vegetable oil is considered harmless. According to the survey, more than 50% of the elderly cook 50 ml of edible oil every day, and the standard amount should not exceed 25 ml. Many people think that elderly people with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should not eat fat, but it doesn't matter if you put more vegetable oil in cooking. This view is wrong because too much vegetable oil can also cause hyperlipidemia. The proportion of overweight and obese people in the elderly who eat too much oil for a long time is as high as 4 1. 1%.
6. People think that eating a lot of vinegar is good for health. Generally, putting a few drops of vinegar when cooking is beneficial to protect vitamin C in vegetables and promote the absorption of vitamin C in the stomach. But some people think that vinegar has many benefits, so they eat too much vinegar and even drink vinegar. As we all know, a large amount of vinegar will burn and corrode the esophageal mucosa, harm the spleen and stomach, and easily cause chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. Vinegar is also an organic solvent for calcium. Excessive vinegar will affect the metabolism of calcium in human body, which will easily lead to decalcification of bones and osteoporosis, leading to fractures. Li Shizhen wrote vinegar in Compendium of Materia Medica: "It damages people's muscles, bones, stomach and color. If you don't eat too much acid, you will hurt your muscles. "
7. It is true that the cholesterol in egg yolk is harmful to the high cholesterol content in healthy egg yolk, but lecithin can prevent cholesterol from depositing on the blood vessel wall and prevent and delay the formation of atherosclerosis. In addition, acetylcholine in the brain is an important substance in human memory. Lecithin in egg yolk can release acetylcholine after being decomposed by enzyme, which can improve the memory of the elderly. Therefore, it is necessary for the elderly to eat egg yolk properly.
8. It is considered that eating fruits equals eating vegetables, and fruits cannot replace vegetables. Although it is also rich in vitamins, fruit has a high sugar content, and it is easy to get fat if you eat too much. Therefore, the elderly should also eat more vegetables.
There are still many misunderstandings about diet in real life, on the one hand, because of lack of nutrition knowledge, on the other hand, it is caused by partial listening and partial eating. People should get out of these misunderstandings and make better and more correct use of food baskets to serve health.