"Who Can Train Dragons"-Ji Kang's Personality Charm and Historical Contribution Xu Gongzhi (a researcher at the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences) Yan Yanzhi, a poet in the Liu and Song Dynasties, described Ji Kang with "Who Can Train Dragons" ("Ji Kang is a singer of five emperors"). What is "dragon nature"? The poet didn't elaborate, but he could understand that what he expressed here was a supreme and supreme character. Of course, Yan Yanzhi's poetic description is inevitably exaggerated, even exaggerated. However, we should say that his description is not groundless, and Ji Kang is indeed an outstanding person. He has outstanding personality charm and made many important contributions in the history of cultural development. Ji Kang is an artist. He had a profound musical accomplishment, and his piano skills were unparalleled at that time. It is said that the gods taught it. On his deathbed, he played a song on the piano and said, "Guangling San is unique now!" How many people have caused eternal regret. His calligraphy has also reached the extreme. "Xu Wei's book review said:" Ji Kang's book is like holding a piano, half drunk, singing and falling asleep. And if the birds are flying, the birds are scattered. "Ji Kang is also a writer. He is an excellent writer. Liu Xie said: "Teacher Ji Kang has a heart to talk about it. "Its style connotation is the so-called' teacher's heart', that is, the words come from the heart, I write my heart by hand, the words are sincere, and the style and personality remain unified. His stylistic feature is the so-called "essays", and Ji Kang is a master of writing "essays". Liu Xie: "The ex-husband set an example by himself, so judging whether it is correct or not, he is poor in number and pursues invisibility. The trace is firm and clear, and the hook is deep and extreme. It is the hoof of all troubles and the balance of everything. Therefore, its meaning is expensive and euphemistic, and it is inevitable that words will be broken, which will make the heart and reason fit. If you don't see the gap in the seam, you will say that your heart is secret and the enemy doesn't know what it is. " (Wen Xin Diao Long) "The word * * * is intimate" is its key point. Ji Kang stands out among ancient works. He is an excellent poet. Liu Xie said, "It's the beginning of Ming Dow, and there is a fairy heart in the poem. The followers of peace are superficial; However, Ji Zhi is clear and profound, so he can be embarrassed. " (Wen Xin Diao Long Shi Ming) "Ji Kang's poems are quite similar to Wei Wen's. They are too harsh, exposing their talents and hurting their lofty aspirations. However, thanks to Qing Yu, there is a good mouth and nothing to lose. " (Zhong Rong's Poems) The so-called "simplicity" and "preciseness" are both lofty styles and positive realms. "Too hard" is a negative evaluation. Here, Liu Xie and Zhong Rong are slightly different. The so-called "pull" means high standards and Excellence. Ji Kang is an important figure in the development of four-character poems and five-character poems. Especially the four-character poem, he is a rare excellent four-character poem poet after Cao Cao and the "Temple Army". The representative poem "Poems of Giving Brother and Scholar to Join the Army" includes:, Pu,. Hongyan looked at the south and played the banjo with her hand. Every move has a leisurely pace. I am very happy that the secrets of nature can be understood! If you are good at fishing, you will forget about fish. Who can say anything with the death of the British? (16) wrote the charm and expression of metaphysics. Gu Kaizhi once said with emotion, "It is easy for a painter to wave five strings, but it is difficult for him to return to Hong. "The poet raised a big problem for the painter, at least in this respect, the poet is better than the painter. Ji Kang is also an ideological theorist. He wrote the most papers in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Its discussion covers many ideological and cultural fields. " Uncle Zhang Liao is naturally eager to learn, "Uncle Zhang Liao's family is good or bad" and "Uncle Zhang Liao's family is good or bad". To analyze people's psychological orientation, that is, whether people are naturally eager to learn; On Ming Dan distinguishes the relationship between Ming and Dan, namely wisdom and courage; They are all problems in the field of epistemology, and their views are unique and wonderful. The theory of health preservation and the theory of difficulty in health preservation in Xiangzi period discussed a basic problem in life theory: how to preserve health. While positively demonstrating that health preservation can prolong life, the article also criticizes the "health preservation" of "impetuous" and points out that it is "impossible". He put forward that "people who are good at keeping in good health are not: quiet, less selfish desires, fame hurts morality, so they suddenly don't camp ... inaction is self-righteous, wonderful, forget about music and then be happy, and live forever." "Its focus is on the cultivation of moral spirit, which is different from what most people call' keeping in good health' to maintain the body. Relieving private affairs is an ethical theory, which advocates "a gentleman is selfless" and "a gentleman walks in the street and gets carried away". But to be selfless, it is necessary to be "more famous and responsible, so there is nothing to do" and "holding on to one thing without knowing it is nothing more than selflessness and a beautiful ear. "

Treating Cai is a political theory, which puts forward a historical case of "treating Cai" and re-examines it. It is believed that "Zhou Gongju is not in harmony with Zhao Gong; If you push this, you will doubt Cai. " The conclusion is: "Duke Zhou's punishment is appropriate, Cai's heart is reasonable, and righteousness is just, both inside and outside." Here, we abandon the traditional practice of "praising saints" blindly and adhere to the principle of relativity of political right and wrong, which not only puts forward new opinions, but also creates a rational analysis model. The Theory of Sound Without Sorrow and Music is an artistic theory that explores the essence of music and the relationship between music and emotion, and explains the relationship between them from the relative position of emotional subject and expression tool. There is also "Fu Qin", which is actually Qin's theory. Ji Kang inherited Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts and obeyed metaphysics. He emphasized people's integrity and spiritual freedom, transcending the secular pursuit of fame and fortune, and "it is more important to wander in loneliness and do nothing" (breaking up). He pursues a "natural" life realm. Ruan Ji mainly studied San Xuan positively, while Ji Kang mainly explained various natural, social, historical and psychological phenomena with metaphysical thoughts. Ji Kang, like Ruan Ji, severely criticized the Confucian ethics held by orthodox scholars at that time. This is the difference between them and Fu Bi, Wang Bi, Yan He and other orthodox metaphysicians. Ji Kang also put forward that "the more famous a religion is, the more natural it is" (Interpretation of Private Affairs), and said that "everyone is not Tang Wu, but a thin Kong Zhou" (Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan) and so on. Which is more critical. In fact, he denies all traditional ideological and moral authority and advocates nature. The criticism is directed at the saints Zhou Gong and Confucius. Can this critical attitude of strategic placement be understood as the "dragon" expression of Ji Kang's inner thoughts? Ji Kang is also a charismatic leader. He is the leader of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". From the narrative thoughts of Wei Chunqiu and He, we can see that Ji Kang is the core of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". ..... (Ji Kang) made friends with Ruan Ji, Hanoi, Xiangxiu, Zixian, Lang Xie and Pei Ling in Henan, numbered as Seven Sages. Wei Chunqiu is quoted by Pei in Biography of Wei Zhi Wang Shen ... Only Ruan Jihe of Hanoi made friends with him, and Xiang Xiu of Hanoi,, Zhang Zi's Xian and Wolf Evil made friends with him, so he became the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. (Biography of the Book of Jin) What we should pay attention to is that Ji Kang is not the oldest among the "Seven Sages". Ruan Ji is older than him 13 years old and older than him 19 years old. The ages of Xiang Embroidery, Ruan Xian and Liu Ling are unknown, and they are almost the same as Ji Kang. Only Wang Rong is sure. Ji Kang was only 40 years old when he died. At that time, Dan Tao was 59 years old, and he naturally became the core of this group. Ruan Ji's metaphysical accomplishment and literary talent are no less than Ji Kang's, but he celebrates Ji Kang's brothers with white eyes and Ji Kang with green eyes. Xiang embroidery has a profound metaphysical accomplishment, and wrote a note on Zhuangzi, but was willing to play drums (bellows) for Ji Kang. Lu An, another scholar besides the Seven Sages, came to see us. He said, "Serve you well, and every lovesickness will drive you thousands of miles." . Where does Ji Kang's attraction and cohesion come from? Originated from his great personality charm. There are many historical records about Ji Kang's personality charm. First of all, he is a handsome man. Shi Shuo Xin Yu quoted Kang Bie Zhuan as saying: "Kang is seven feet eight inches long, with a majestic face and a clear skeleton, without any decoration, while the dragon is natural and graceful. When you are there, you know that it is extraordinary. " This means that Ji Kang has a natural temperament and masculine beauty. And "Dragon Zhang Fengzi" appreciates the beauty of his charm beyond measure. In the concept and impression of the ancients in China, these four words describe not only the general wealth, but also the monarch. This can probably be regarded as the display of Ji Kang's "dragon nature" in "Charm". More importantly, Ji Kang has an independent spirit and lofty demeanor in personality. Personality independence is a major spiritual feature of Ji Kang. Dan Tao said: "Uncle Ji is also a person at night, if he is lonely; He is drunk, and if Russia is like Yushan, it will collapse. " Dan Tao is one of Ji Kang's two "bosom friends" (the other is Ruan Ji) and knows Ji Kang best. The images of "solitary pine" and "Yushan" written here are both lonely and beautiful, which are excellent descriptions of Ji Kang's spirit. The word "independence" used by Dan Tao is an accurate summary of Ji Kang's spirit. Ji Kang's spirit is an independent spirit at first. This is a spirit of literati's independence from the world. In ancient patriarchal society, it was especially independent of power. The independent spirit of China's scribes has experienced a tortuous development process. Since ancient times, the scribes, as a social stratum, have had a living condition problem. In the pre-Qin period, scholars were divided into three classes: agriculture, industry and commerce, and "scholars" were the official class and its reserve group. Therefore, scholars and power are inherently close and interdependent. Power depends on the participation and support of scholars, and scholars also depend on power to provide them with a place to display their talents and let them belong. Confucius once traveled around the world because he couldn't find a place to display his talents for a while, and was ridiculed by some people as "a dog who was too tired to lose his home" (Historical Records). Wang Su explained: "A lost dog is tired and not full because its owner mourns the famine and has no food." However, due to the decentralization of power in the pre-Qin vassal States, the relationship between power and scholars is relative. At that time, the mobility of scholars was very prominent, and they had a choice among multiple powers, showing a certain independent position. Except Qu Yuan, most of the pre-Qin scribes had the experience of swimming in vassal states. The independent status of scholars in the pre-Qin period was also the basic condition for the prosperity of ideological and cultural fields at that time. After Qin and Han Dynasties, with the establishment and consolidation of the imperial power system, power became both centralized and powerful. Under the centralized system, the relative position of scholars has been greatly compressed. First of all, Qin Shihuang gave the literati a duel. He used the method of burning books to bury Confucianism to deal with those scribes who dared to "slander me" (Historical Records). In the Han Dynasty, Dou Taihou also ordered Zhao Wan and Wang Zang, two ministers born of Confucian scholars, to "commit suicide in prison". Under the imperial power system, the scribes lost the possibility of "traveling around the world", and their only way out was to take refuge in the powerful and embark on the road of serving the court. As a result, the independence of the gentry class was seriously weakened, but its dependence on power was greatly enhanced. This was the situation in the Qin and Han Dynasties. But by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the situation had changed again. During the period of Huan and Ling, the emperor was fatuous, and consorts and eunuchs took turns to monopolize power and fought with each other. State affairs are very corrupt and their control is weakened. In this context, scholars were very disappointed with the affairs of the state, so a group of upright scholars raised lofty flags and rose up to fight against the corrupt and dark forces, gradually forming a force. The representatives of "pure celebrities" are Chen Fan, Deng, "Three Kings" and "Eight Juns". At that time, the situation was just as written in "The Biography of Party Discipline in the Later Han Dynasty": during the arrest of Huan Ling, the government was deserted, the country entrusted Yan Temple, and scholars were ashamed to associate. Therefore, ordinary people resist anger, which Chu Shi talked about. Therefore, they arouse their reputation, discuss each other's problems, judge each other, and exercise their discretion to govern. Integrity prevails in Sri Lanka. They became a political force outside the imperial court by "valuing officials over politics". Although brutally suppressed, for a time, the independence of the scribes was greatly promoted. The style of celebrities in the late Han Dynasty is lofty. The basic characteristics of their words and deeds are: clean and self-disciplined, clear when faced with difficulties, the highest morality can be a teacher, words can be a scholar, and they have the ambition to clarify the world, but they have the ambition, but the bottom is unexpectedly deep (see On the World). They all respect "Qing" and "Gao" as moral and ethical norms. This makes them draw a clear line with ordinary secular officials, especially corrupt bureaucrats. Ji Kang directly inherited the tradition of celebrities at the end of the Han Dynasty, and his independence and lofty became his basic behavioral characteristics. He ignored Zhong Hui's visit. He rejected Dan Tao's suggestion of "being independent" and refused to cooperate with Sima Shi as an official. He also wrote a lot of words in his works, such as "being polite and self-indulgent", "ignoring this important person", "cultivating oneself and not being an official", "being humble and poor, enjoying string songs" and so on. His personality shows his independent personality and lofty style. He also wrote the Biography of Gao Shi, in which he wrote 1 19 "Gao Shi" in the past dynasties. Ji Kang enthusiastically praised their lofty and independent literati personality and had a spiritual fit with them. Therefore, Ji Kang's independent and lofty spirit (that is, the spirit of "high fitness") is the core of his powerful personality charm. Because Ji Kang has never actually taken charge of military and political power, we can't examine his administrative ability and military talent. But his unparalleled personality charm can be transformed into great appeal and social mobilization at critical moments. After Ji Kang went to prison, there was a "Taisheng 3,000" ("Book of Jin") in Luoyang, which was a serious matter. According to Tongzhi, "At the beginning of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, there were 3,000 business students", it can be seen that all business students pleaded for Ji Kang at that time, which had a great social impact! This should be the symbol of the "dragon" in the political field. Ji Kang's "dragon-like" character made Si Mazhao extremely afraid and unable to deal with it, so he had to use despicable means to destroy his body. The spirit of "normal universities" with independence and lofty ideals as the core has added a bright and peculiar luster to China's traditional cultural spirit. Ji Kang is the representative member. Throughout Ji Kang's life and works, he has unparalleled personality charm, and he has made historic contributions in many cultural fields. It can be said that he was an outstanding figure in China in the Middle Ages. Today, we gather in Ji Kang's former residence in Yang Shan to remember Ji Kang's "Dragon" style and personality charm, pay sincere respect to him and discuss his historical and cultural contributions. This is a respect for historical figures and traditional excellent culture.