February 2022 answer-10

1. Year, month and day knowledge

This paper introduces the knowledge about years, months, days and other time units, so that students can understand the years, months and days of time units by observing the almanac, and then introduces the judgment methods of flat years and leap years, as well as the fist memory method (135780, thirty-one days is not bad) and the big moon song memory method, and finally calculates the days of flat years and leap years.

People all have such common sense that there are different months in the Gregorian calendar, that is, there are such provisions in the Gregorian calendar months: "April, June, September and 165438+ 10 have 30 days, and other months have 3 1 day, except for February, which has only 28 days."

The size of the moon began in Caesar's time in the Roman Empire. At that time, Caesar sent someone to modify the calendar and enacted the julian calendar Law, stipulating that all months with special religious significance are 365,438+0 days, and all unimportant months are 30 days. Therefore, the month of 1, March named after the god of war, and July named to show respect for Julius Caesar all have 3 1 day. Because February is an unlucky month for executing prisoners, there are only 29 days. Julius Caesar's successor Augustus's birthday is in August. In order to be on an equal footing with Caesar, he asked to increase August to 3 1 day. In order to make August have 3 1 day, he borrowed another day from February and reduced it to 28 days. In order to avoid the connection of the three big months, it is stipulated that September and 165438+ 10 each have 30 days, and 10 and1February are extended to 3 1 day.

In the Gregorian calendar (Gregorian calendar), a year with leap days is called leap year, which is generally 365 days and 366 days. Because the earth's cycle around the sun is 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds (365,438+09 days), which is the tropic year, the Gregorian calendar defines a year as 365 days, which is called a normal year. The remaining time is about one day in four years, plus February, so the normal year is 365 days, February is 28 days, leap year is 366 days, and February is 29 days. So every 400 years, there are 97 leap years, with one day added at the end of February and 366 days in leap years. Calculation method of leap year: the number of years in the calendar year can be divisible by four, which is a leap year; Divided by 100 but not divided by 400 is an average year; Leap years can be divisible by 100 or 400. For example, 2000 is a leap year, and 1900 is not.

Because a multi-digit, if the last two digits can be divisible by 4, then this number can also be divisible by 4, so you can make a judgment by dividing the last two digits of the year by 4. For example, is 1998 a flat year or a leap year? Use 98 ÷ 4 = 24...2, so 1998 is the normal year. If the year is 100 years, only the first two digits of the year can be divided by 4, (the dividend and divisor are reduced by 100 times at the same time, and the quotient remains unchanged. ) Is 2400 a normal year or a leap year? Use 24÷4=6, so 2400 is a leap year. . February is neither a big moon nor a small moon. This is a special month. A year with 28 days in February is usually called a flat year, and a year with 29 days is called a leap year.

2. Knowledge about the year, month and day

Knowledge about year, month and day

[knowledge point]

1, know big month, small month, normal year and leap year;

2. Calculate the number of days in the past; 1[ Memory] years are divided into normal years and leap years; Month is divided into big month, small month and special February. There are 365 days in a normal year and 366 days in a leap year. (The big months are: 65438+ 10, March, May, July, August, 65438+ 10, 65438+February (7); Abortion: April, June, September, 165438+ October) (4)

February in a normal year has 28 days and February in a leap year has 29 days.

The consecutive big months are July and August, or 65438+February and 65438+1October. The number of days in two consecutive months is 6 1 day, one of which is a big month and the other is a small month.

3、

4、

5. Various festivals: New Year's Day 65438+1 October1,Arbor Day1March, International Labor Day1May, International Children's Day1June, Army Day1August, Party.

6. Usually there are three normal years and 1 leap year every four years. The Gregorian calendar year is a multiple of 4, usually a leap year. Gregorian calendar year is an integer, and it must be a multiple of 400. It is a leap year (AD 800, 1200, 1

3. Literary knowledge about the moon

Myths and legends about the moon? China's myth about the moon was first recorded in Shan Hai Jing, Chu Ci, Huai Nan Zi and other ancient books.

There are many legends and fairy tales about the moon. There are stories about the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon and Zhu Yuanzhang's anti-Yuan uprising.

Legend has it that there is a laurel tree 500 feet high on the moon. There was a man named WU GANG in the Han Dynasty who was obsessed with fairy tales and didn't concentrate on reading. He was banished to the moon to cut laurel, but laurel was cut with it, so later generations can see the image of WU GANG cutting laurel endlessly in the middle of the month.

The moon has many interesting reputations in China's ancient poems: jade exemption (whoever tries to climb the stairs to find jade exemption, who covers the silver que-Xin Qiji); Luminous (luminous, why do you have children when you die? —— Qu Yuan); Su E (Su E is another name for the moon-Youxue Qionglin); Ice wheel (the jade hook decides who to hang, but the ice wheel is helpless-land tour); Jade wheel (jade wheel meets wet light, Luan Pei meets a stranger in Gui Xiang-Li He); Jade toad (cold night fog outside, three or five jade toad autumn-Fang Gan); Gui' ao (Gui' ao flies to a sunny place and enjoys a cool day in autumn-Su Shi); Toad (Fujian set sail, but toad lost his reunion-Jia Dao); Ancient pictures (Yang birds don't come out of the valley, and ancient pictures are half hidden-Li Bai); Chan Juan (I wish you a long life, take Wan Li Road * * * Chan Juan-Su Shi). In addition, there are many unique nicknames on the moon, such as Jade Bow, Jade Gui, Jade Plate, Jade Hook, Jade Mirror, Ice Mirror, Guanghan Palace, Chang 'e and Jade Sheep.

Diana; Luna; Mo. ; Month; Yuyuè( 1) (hieroglyphics. Oracle Bone Inscriptions glyph.

Like half a moon. "Yue" is one of the radicals of Chinese characters.

The original meaning: the moon) (2) Same as the original meaning [the moon], the essence of the lunar calendar moon. Such as the upper chord and the lower chord.

-"Shuowen" is from the stars, and it is stormy. -"Book Hongfan" Li Yue and the priest are outside the north gate.

-"Yi Li Li Jing" is full of moonlessness and fish brain damage. -Huainanzi astronomy is as constant as the moon and rises like the sun.

-"Poetry Xiaoya Nature Conservation" (3) Another example is: when the moon is full, it will lose money, and when the water is full, it will be full (meaning that things should stop, and if they do too much, they will go to the opposite side); The first half of the month is broken (referring to the middle of the night); Old Iceman (the old man under the moon); The word "moon" is a kind of wine order. The word "month" must be included in the order); Moon and sun (moon and sun); Halo (the aperture around the moon); Moon shadow (reflected in water or vaguely like the shadow of the moon between clouds); Full moon (full moon); King of the Moon (honorific title for the moon) (4) Calendar name.

One cycle of the lunar calendar according to the moon phase is January; The moon clan is more knives. -"Zhuangzi, Master of Health" cuts the moon every day.

-Su Song Xun's "Six Kingdoms" (5) Another example: the monthly order (life number); Date of birth (month and date of birth); Month day (referring to the days of several months); Abortion (referring to the month with only 29 days in the old calendar); Month size (refers to the month with 30 days in the old calendar); Monthly equinox (also known as "month", the limit of the month refers to the prescribed time limit) (6) moonlight, moonlight [moonlight] In the morning, take the moon lotus hoe home. -Tao Jin Qian's "Returning to the Garden" (7) Another example: the moon is thousands of miles away (the moonlight shines on the earth); Moon wave (refers to moonlight.

Moonlight is like water, hence the name); The path of the moon (the path under the moonlight); Moon wave (moonlight); Moon shadow (shadow) By moonlight); Moonlight (bright moonlight); Moonlight (bright moonlight) (8) refers to women's menstruation; The month [menstrual period] is not credible, and angelica is under the wine.

-Bojifang (9) Another example is: Menopause (female menstrual disorder) (10) refers to the month when a woman is pregnant; It also refers to the time within one month after delivery. For example, if the second month (1 1) looks like the moon in color or shape, the first wish of the slaughter is purple embroidery.

The five emperors have their own colors, the sun is red and the moon is white. -Historical Records (12) Another example: the moon cave window (a round window shaped like the moon); Moonlight Gate (Moon Gate); Moon window (a large translucent hole in a cave; Also refers to the small window on the wall); Yuetang (Tang Li Fulin's name.

Because it looks like a crescent moon, it is named); Moon mirror (stone mirror name. Because the stone is as white as moonlight, it is named); Moon feather (white feather) (13) every month [month].

The benefactor gives incense silver to the temple Taoist temple every month for the Buddha. Also known as "Moon Silver"); Monthly silver (monthly silver, monthly example, monthly money.

Monthly money); Monthly table (monthly record table); Monthly maid (person employed by the month); The new moon (the first day of each month) (14) was used by the ancients to describe women and things related to women. Such as: moon rhyme (describing the charm of women); The moon looks beautiful (describing the beautiful appearance of women) Yuè bà n [the first day of a month 15] The fifteenth day of every month yuèbào (1) is called a silver hook because the first month is like a hook.

(2) Because the string moon is like a bow, it is called jade bow and bow moon. (3) The full moon is called golden wheel, jade wheel, silver plate, jade plate, golden mirror and jade mirror because it is like a wheel, a plate and a mirror.

(4) It is said that there are rabbits and toads on the moon, so they are called silver rabbits, jade rabbits, golden toads, silver toads and the moon. (5) According to legend, there are laurel trees in the middle of the month, so they are called Gui Yue, Guilun, Guigong and Guiling.

(6) According to legend, there are two palaces in the middle of the month, namely Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace, so they are called Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace. (7) Because it is said that the moon drives the gods, it is called Wang Shu.

It is said that Chang 'e lives in the middle of the month, so the moon is called Chang 'e (9) Because people often compare beautiful women to the moon, so they call the moon Chanjuan.

4. Why do some months have 30 days and some months have 3 1 day?

In 46 BC, JuliusCaesar, an ancient Roman Confucian scholar, made the julian calendar at the suggestion of astronomer Sosigenes: when revising the ancient Roman calendar, the year was divided into twelve months, and the odd-numbered months were 365,438+0 days and the even-numbered months were 30 days. But in this way, a year becomes 366 days, so the day of deduction is deducted from February, so. So there are only 29 days in February in a normal year and 30 days in a leap year. In other words, there are fewer days in February than in other months. Why February instead of April or June? That's because in ancient Rome, February was the month when criminals were executed. Of course, it is unlucky to be detained! Later, in the eighth year BC, the Roman Parliament changed August to the name of Augustus Caesar, and at the same time, in order to show that it was as great as Caesar, it changed August to a big month and became 3 1 day. Commemorate Julies Caesar as in July. After August, the moon and the moon are reversed, so September and 1 1 month become 30 days, and 10 and1February become 365,438+0 days. But in this way, a year becomes 366 days. What should I do? So it's really unlucky to deduct another day from February. So far, there are only 28 days in a normal year in February and 29 days in a leap year.

Leap year is a term in the Gregorian calendar. A leap year is a year in which ordinary years are divisible by 4 and cannot be divisible by 100. (For example, 2004 is a leap year, and 1900 is not); Leap years are divisible by 400 in century years. (For example, 2000 is a leap year, and 1900 is not);

The number of years in A.D. can be divisible by 4 as a leap year, but the number of whole hundred years (both digits are 0) must be divisible by 400 as a leap year (for example, 1900 is not a leap year), and everything else is a flat year. For example, 1997 is a normal year, and 2002 is a normal year; 1996 is a leap year, and 2000 is a leap year. February in a normal year has 28 days, while February in a leap year has 29 days.

5. Knowledge about ancient calendars.

One hour equals eight quarters. There are December in a year, five weeks in January, six days in a week, twelve hours in a day and four quarters in an hour. Three teas in a moment, one tea with two fragrances, one fragrance with five points, one point with six fingers and one finger with ten moments.

A moment is a second. In ancient times, the time of "a stick of incense" was about a quarter of an hour, but now it is about fifteen minutes.

At present, the fragrance duration is short, thick and light; Some are flammable, others don't burn quickly. It cannot be used as a timing reference. The time to drink a bowl of tea is from the end, and then slowly taste it and drink it bit by bit. In fact, it is the time it takes for a bowl of tea to cool down to an edible level.

It takes 15 minutes in summer and 10 minutes in winter. The ancients divided a day into twelve hours, namely: 1 1pm- 1am ugly: 1am-3am yin: 3am-5am hair: 5am-7am Chen: 7am-9am si: 9am-1. 5pm Unitary: 5pm-7pm: 7pm-9pm Hai: 9pm-1/pm Time-24 hours a day is twelve hours in the zodiac: from 1 1 to1"child time" in the middle of the night. 7: 00 am-9: 00 am, 9: 00 am-1111,afternoon 1-3:00, and 7: 00 pm-.

It takes two hours every hour. It can be seen that "from the fourth hour to the last hour" is equivalent to "from 9 am to 3 pm" now.

More-in ancient times, it was regarded as a watch at night, a watch at sea, a watch at home, a watch at home, an ugly watch, and a watch from Yin Shi. There are five classes at night, and drums are played according to the class, with five points for each class.

One hour per shift is equivalent to two hours now, which is 120 minutes, so each point in each shift only takes 24 minutes. It can be seen that "cooking at four o'clock and sailing at five o'clock" is equivalent to "65438+ cooking at 0: 00 to 3: 00 in the middle of the night and sailing at 3: 00 to 5: 00".

"5: 00 and 3: 00" are equivalent to 5: 00 and 72 minutes in the morning, namely 6: 00 and 12 minutes, and "3: 00 and 4: 00" are equivalent to 1 and 96 minutes at midnight, namely 2: 36 minutes. Sculpture-Ancient time was measured by clepsydra.

The leaky pot is divided into two parts: the sowing pot and the receiving pot. The seeding kettle is divided into two or four layers, both of which have dripping holes, and finally flow into the receiving kettle. The kettle has an upright arrow engraved with 100 minutes. The arrow gradually rises with the storage of water, showing the number of minutes to show the time.

And a 24-hour day and night is 100 minutes, which is equivalent to 1440 minutes now. It can be seen that each moment is equivalent to 14.4 minutes now.

So "3: 00 noon" is equivalent to 1: 43.2 noon, also known as midnight and the first hour of midnight. (23: 00 to 0 1 hour Beijing time).

Ugly cock crow, also known as pheasant: the second hour of twelve o'clock. (065438+ 0: 00 to 03: 00 Beijing time).

Yin Shiping Dan, also known as Dawn, Dawn and Sundan, etc. Time is the alternation of day and night. (03: 00 to 05: 00 Beijing time).

Sunrise in Shi Mao, also known as the beginning of the day, dawn and rising sun, refers to the time when the sun just appeared and Ran Ran first rose. (05: 00 to 07: 00 Beijing time).

Eating in the morning is also called breakfast. The time for the ancients to "eat in the morning" was also breakfast time (07:00-09:00 Beijing time). Forty holes, also known as Yu Ri, etc. : near noon, call the corner.

(09: 00 to 1 1: 00 Beijing time). Noon, also known as sunrise, noon, etc. : (Beijing time 1 1 to 13).

Not long ago, it was also called sunset, sun center and so on. : The sun sets in the west. (Beijing time 13 to Beijing time 15).

Feeding at the time of application, also known as day shop, late food and so on. (Beijing time 15 to 17). As time goes by, it is also called sunset, sunset and evening: it means when the sun goes down.