1. Molecular biophysics

Molecular biophysics takes biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids, protein and their complexes as the research objects, and strives to study living matter and life process at the molecular level with physical concepts, theories and technologies, which is an extremely important development direction in the field of biophysics.

In recent years, scientists in China have made outstanding achievements in this field, published many papers in the world's top magazines, and maintained the world's leading level.

Professional background: Candidates applying for this major should have a certain foundation in biochemistry, physical chemistry, chemistry and molecular biology.

Research interests: molecular biophysics, genomics and protein omics, biomacromolecule dynamics, structure and function of biomacromolecules, molecular imaging, DNA structure and function, etc.

Established institutions: Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University Academy of Life Sciences, Peking University School of Basic Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, South China University of Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Tsinghua University, Wuhan University, China Agricultural University, Sichuan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, University of Science and Technology of China, Nankai University, Zhejiang University, Shaanxi Normal University, etc.

2. Cell biophysics

Cell biophysics mainly studies the fine structure of cells, the influence of external physical factors on cells, cell movement, cell membrane ion channels and cell signal transmission. At present, the research on these fields is a hot spot in academic circles, and there are still many unknown aspects, so there is a lot of room for research.

Professional background: Candidates applying for this major should have a certain foundation in biochemistry, cell biology, chemistry, molecular biology and physiology.

Research interests: biological ultrastructure and function, structure and function of cell contents, research on structure and function of nucleus, expression, secretion and packaging of protein in cells, structure and function of cytoskeleton, cell signal transmission and ion channels.

Established institutions: Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, China Academy of Sciences, Peking University Academy of Life Sciences, Peking University Basic Medical College, Nankai University, Lanzhou University, Zhejiang University, Fudan University, Tsinghua University, China University of Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Shanghai Second Medical University, Sun Yat-sen University, Dalian University of Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Wuhan University, Shaanxi Normal University, etc.

3. Membrane biophysics

This direction mainly studies three basic functions and structures of biofilm, such as energy conversion, material transport and signal transmembrane conduction, which is one of the hot topics in biophysics. Because of the complexity of biofilm, its research content is extensive and easy to explore, and it will remain a hot spot in the future.

Professional background: Candidates applying for this major should have a certain foundation in cell biology, physiology, biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology.

Research interests: membrane protein structure, substance transmembrane transport, receptor and channel protein, signal transmembrane conduction, photosynthetic membrane, biofilm and apoptosis, biofilm and drugs, application of new technology in biofilm research, biofilm simulation research.

Established institutions: Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University Academy of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University, Dalian University of Technology, Fudan University, Nankai University, China Agricultural University, Chongqing University, Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University, Tianjin University, Harbin Medical University, Sichuan University, Lanzhou University, Shaanxi Normal University, etc.

4. Neurobiological Physics

Neurobiophysics is a very interesting subject, which is very important for revealing the mystery of the brain, the basis and process of cognition, and the mechanism of feeling and perception. In addition, it also contains a lot of research on neurological and sensory diseases closely related to medicine, which is of great value in both science and practical application.

Professional background: Candidates applying for this major should have a certain knowledge of biology, biochemistry, psychology, molecular biology, physiology and computer.

Research interests: nervous system and nerve cells, synapses, neurotransmitters, receptors and ion channels, neural information processing, auditory mechanism, visual mechanism, brain imaging, cognitive neurology, computer analysis and simulation of physiological and neural processes, neurophysiology.

Established institutions: Graduate School of China Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University Academy of Life Sciences, Basic Medical College of Peking University, Beijing Forestry University, Dalian University of Technology, Second Military Medical University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Northeast Forestry University, Fudan University, Harbin Medical University, Hebei University of Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nankai University, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wuhan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Second Medical University and Xi Jiaotong University.

5. Environmental biophysics

The connotation of environmental biophysics has not been defined so far. It is mainly a subject that applies the principles and methods of physics to study the effects of various physical factors on organisms in nature, and expounds their principles of action and the interaction and relationship between various physical factors and biological groups. Through these studies, we can understand the phenomenon and essence of life, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling and transforming biology. It is a branch of applied biophysics and a new interdisciplinary subject, involving many disciplines.

Professional background: Candidates applying for this major should have a certain foundation in biology, biochemistry, chemistry and environmental biology. Because this major is closely integrated with other majors, they also need relevant professional foundations corresponding to the research content.

Research interests: radiation biology, bioelectromagnetism, bio-optics, bio-acoustics, cryobiology, and the mechanism of various physical factors on organisms.

Established institutions: Institute of Biophysics, China Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Peking University College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Beijing Forestry University, Fourth Military Medical University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, South China Agricultural University, Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Hebei University of Technology, East China Normal University, Nanjing University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nankai University, Sichuan Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia University, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shaanxi Normal University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Northwest A&F University, Yangzhou University, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou University, China Agricultural University, etc.

6. Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is a science that uses computers as tools to store, retrieve and analyze biological information in life science research. This subject is one of the important frontier fields of life science and natural science, and it will also be one of the core fields of natural science in 2 1 century. Its research mainly focuses on genomics and protein omics, and now it has become an important part of the development of life science.

Professional background: Candidates applying for this major should have a certain foundation in biology, computer science, protein genomics, genetics and statistics.

Research interests: sequence alignment, protein structure alignment and prediction, gene recognition, analysis and research of non-coding regions, molecular evolution and comparative genomics, sequence overlapping assembly, genetic code origin, structure-based drug design, etc.

Established institutions: Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University Academy of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Second Military Medical University, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin Medical University, Hebei University of Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Nanjing University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nankai University, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wuhan University, Xi Jiaotong University, Northwest A&F University, Yangzhou University, Zhejiang University, University of Science and Technology of China, etc.

7. biomechanics

Biomechanics is a branch of biophysics, which uses mechanical principles and methods to quantitatively study mechanical problems in organisms. Its research fields include:

(1). Biorheology related to cell and tissue deformation is studied theoretically and experimentally, such as blood flow in vivo, active or passive flow such as intracellular protoplasm flow, muscle contraction and vascular wall deformation.

(2) Using the basic theories and methods of material mechanics, elastic-plastic theory and fracture mechanics, we study the related mechanical problems in biological tissues and organs, such as solid mechanics and motion mechanics, ranging from the whole organism to systems and organs (including blood, body fluids, organs, bones, etc.). ), from bird flight, fish swimming, flagella and cilia movement to the transportation of plant body fluids.

Most enrollment units do not classify biomechanics as biophysics enrollment, but set it as physics, medicine or kinematics.

Professional background: candidates applying for this direction should have a certain foundation in biology, mechanics, physics, physiology and other disciplines.

Research interests: biosolid mechanics, biofluid mechanics, sports biomechanics and quantum biology.

Established institutions: Peking University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing University of Technology, Capital Medical University and Chongqing University.

8. biophysical techniques and methods

This direction mainly studies the physical and physicochemical methods and technologies applied to biological research, which is the basis for promoting the development of biophysics. However, these technologies and methods are all applied to the research of biophysics, so this direction is compatible with other directions. Here are some mentors who specialize in technology and methods.

Professional background: Candidates applying for this direction should have a certain foundation in biology, biochemistry, physics, physiology and other disciplines.

Research direction: biophysical techniques, instruments and methods.

Established institutions: Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University Academy of Life Sciences, Peking University School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Dalian University of Technology, Fourth Military Medical University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin Medical University, East China Normal University, Jilin Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nankai University, Shaanxi Normal University, Yangzhou University, Zhejiang University, China University of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University.

9. Theoretical biophysics

Mainly using the principles of theoretical physics to study biology, in recent years, using nonlinear theory. Because theoretical biophysics is embodied in biophysical practice like biophysical techniques and methods, it is generally not enrolled as a separate direction now.

Professional background: Candidates applying for this direction should have a certain foundation in biology, biophysics, quantum mechanics, statistical physics, physics and other disciplines.

Established institutions: Inner Mongolia University and Shaanxi Normal University.

Third, the employment advantage.

Biophysics has many intersections with other disciplines, which is practical, so graduates majoring in biophysics have a wide range of employment.

Postgraduates engaged in biophysics research have three main employment directions after graduation: entering research institutions to engage in scientific research, teaching in colleges and universities, or entering enterprises to become R&D or experimenters.

For scientific research work, to be able to undertake projects independently, the person in charge basically requires a doctor's degree. Of course, their income is also high, but compared with junior personnel, they face great employment competition. Graduates of this major have good employment opportunities, but their income is relatively low. In a word, the overall employment trend of this major is that the higher the educational background, the higher the salary and the fiercer the competition. In addition, biophysicists can also work in molecular biology, biochemistry, medicine and other fields. Candidates are advised to plan their future career development before and after applying for a degree. During graduate school, you can focus on cultivating appropriate skills according to your employment intention.

For students who want to enter scientific research institutions and join R&D, the task during their study is heavy, which requires not only learning a solid theoretical foundation and mastering comprehensive and skilled experimental skills, but also cultivating students' ability to think independently and design experiments. For students who intend to teach in colleges and universities, we should also pay attention to the accumulation of theoretical knowledge. For students who are interested in experimental work, the most important thing is to master experimental skills skillfully.