The fourth volume. Litigation and prison
Author: Cheng
The world only cries when it is unfair, and the sage values not going to court. There is the Lord of grace and punishment, truss Yang Yurun; There are no innocent people, and the lungs are clear. Although the prison is a blessing hall, the painting site can also be a prison. Constitute a lawsuit with others, called the dispute of rat's tooth and bird's horn; The sinner complains, and grabs the land to make it miserable.
You are fierce and can keep it, so the prison door is painted in the shape of an armadillo; The thorn wood pricks straight inside, so the hearing is held under the wood. The village pavilion has a shore, and the court has a prison. Who dares to be a traitor? The dead cannot be resurrected, and the torturer cannot be renewed. They were sentenced to their original posts. The prison is Zhou prison, and the prison is a commercial prison. Chains are tools to arrest sinners; There is no righteousness between sages. The struggle between the two is called stalemate; Innocent involvement is called the fish in the pond.
Please go to the urn and Zhou Xing will do it himself. Yu Xia's crime of crying for getting off the bus deeply hurt his people. A good lawsuit is a healthy lawsuit, and a good lawsuit is a punishment. Litigation for others is to solve disputes; Be wronged and framed. ACTS and yue, sent garrison is asking the army. Three feet is the law of the imperial court, and horses are the punishment for sinners.
Five ancient punishments, ink, ink, palace, and monarch; Today's laws and regulations are: shackles, sticks, capital crimes, bills, streams. In ancient times, chopping wood was an official, and today's spring breeze is safe; Emperor Taizong returned to prison, and the integrity of the ancients was commendable. Flowers fall in court, grass is quiet, and songs are easy to govern the people; The official stands on the ice, and people walk in the mirror, praising Lu Huan for breaking the prison. It can be seen that the medicine stone for chaos is the most important punishment; Xingping's Liang rou, moral education first.
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If people encounter unfair things, they will make a voice of dissatisfaction. Smart people think that no lawsuit is the most precious thing in the world.
Some monarchs use the criminal law with caution, and the punishment moistens everything like a drizzle, so that criminals are influenced to do good; There are no wronged people below, and the lung stone used to cry grievances is deserted.
Although suffering can help people abandon evil and do good, prison may be a prayer hall; Ancient folk customs are simple, and drawing a circle on the ground can also become a prison.
Making an enemy and going to court can be said to be a "rat's tooth and sparrow's horn" struggle; However, the injustice of the prisoner in the lawsuit is tragic.
Armadillos are brave and fat, and can guard the door, so they are often painted on prison doors in ancient times. There is a needle outside the thorn wood, but it is straight inside, so most ancient judicial personnel tried cases under the thorn wood.
Xiangting prison has a "shore" and imperial prison has a "prison". Who dares to commit crimes? It is impossible for a dead person to be resurrected, and it is impossible for a person who has served a sentence to redeem it with money, so sentencing and conviction should be based on the actual situation.
"Prison" is the prison of Zhou Dynasty, and "Li" is the prison of Shang Dynasty.
Fetters and handcuffs are instruments of torture used to arrest prisoners; How can there be no wronged good people among prisoners? If the two sides argue endlessly and do not give in to each other, it is "stalemate"; Being implicated for no reason is "a disaster in the pool."
"Please enter the urn" means that Zhou Xing, a cruel official in the Tang Dynasty, made it himself. "The crime of getting off the bus and crying" is Dayu's pity for the people.
The lawsuit is called "health lawsuit", and the innocence of involvement is called "involvement"
Helping others to terminate the lawsuit is called "resolving disputes"; Being framed and wronged is called "framing". The person sentenced to imprisonment and exile for hard labor is called "Cheng Dan"; Those who are exiled to the border are called "Wen Jun".
"Three feet" refers to the imperial laws and regulations; "Three marks" are three kinds of instruments of torture handcuffed to prisoners' necks, hands and feet.
The five ancient punishments were Mohist, Mohist, Mohist, Mohist, Mohist, Mohist and Mohist. After the Sui Dynasty, the criminal laws include: punishment, staff, capital crime, behavior and exile.
In ancient times, chopping wood was an official, and prisoners could go to court with wooden officials. Where is this quaint spring breeze today? In the sixth year of Emperor Taizong's reign of Zhenguan (AD 632), more than 200 death row prisoners were released and returned to prison in the autumn of the following year. As a result, these prisoners arrived as scheduled, and the integrity of the ancients was really commendable.
"Flowers fall in the court, but the grass grows silently", which is people's praise for He Yi, the magistrate of Yichang County in the Tang Dynasty, who was honest and clean and managed the people. "Officials stand on the ice, people walk in the mirror" is people's praise for Lu Xun, the magistrate of the Tang Dynasty.
It can be seen that punishment is the most important way to deal with troubled times, just like a good medicine for treating diseases; To revitalize Taiping, moral education should be the first, which is like a delicious food to strengthen the body.
To annotate ...
If it is unfair, it will sound: Han Yu's Preface to Send Meng Dongye has the sentence "If it is unfair, it will sound". Later, many people pointed out that things were unfair and they were dissatisfied. Non-litigation is the most important thing: Analects of Confucius, Yan Yuan: Confucius said: I am still alone when I hear a lawsuit. It won't cause a lawsuit! "It means that there is no lawsuit in the world, which is valuable.
Gracious punishment: refers to the cautious use of punishment in ancient China. Shu Shun Dian: "Only punishment is merciful." JASON ZHANG Yurun: The original intention is that JASON ZHANG moistens everything like a drizzle. Later, it is compared with a wise monarch who uses punishment carefully to make criminals be influenced to do good, just like a drizzle moistens everything. Boxwood is an ancient instrument of torture, which is whipped on prisoners' feet or necks. "Zhuangzi Zaiqi": "Those who put all their eggs in one basket in this life also sleep together, those who are arrogant, push each other, and those who are tortured, move in the opposite direction." Shi Fei Style: Shi Fei is very deserted, used to describe people who have not been wronged and complained. Dragon stone is said to be a stone placed outside the imperial court in ancient times. People can stand on it and accuse local officials. Because it is red and lung-shaped, it is named Feishi.
Prison: prison. Tang Fu: A happy place. Painting the ground can also be used as a prison: ancient folk customs are simple, and it is said that painting a circle on the ground can be used as a prison.
Rat's Tooth Corner: There is a poem in The Book of Songs: "Who said that sparrows have no horns, why wear my house ... who said that rats have no teeth, why wear my spine ... why sue me." . Later, he used "rat's tooth and sparrow's horn" as an argument. Call heaven by grasping the ground: touch the ground with your head and call heaven with your mouth. Describe the situation as extremely tragic.
Armadillo: A legendary beast, good at guarding the door, brave and fat, so it was often painted on the doors of ancient Yu Xia prisons. Kimura: The Book of Rites: "I sued Scotty for the success of the prison, and Scotty listened to Kimura." Later, they all called the thorn forest the court.
Township Pavilion: Ancient grass-roots administrative units. In ancient times, the place where the township pavilion held criminals was called the shore, and the place where the court held criminals was called the prison. Crime charges: doing evil, doing bad things, breaking the law and discipline. Original conviction: investigating the behavior of the prisoner, sentencing and conviction. "Han Shu Wen Chuan": "Those who are imprisoned by their husbands are the great life of the world. The dead can't be resurrected, and the dead can't return." "The book says,' It is better to lose this experience than to kill someone who is not worth it.' "
The name of the ancient city, so it is located in the north of tangyin county, where Shang Zhouwang once imprisoned Zhou Wenwang. Historical Records Yin Benji: "Prisoner Hai Rui."
Fetters: fetters and handcuffs, instruments of torture used to lock prisoners' hands and feet in ancient times. Zhang Prison: "The shackles of sin." Zheng Xuan's Note: "Say it in your hand, say it in your feet." Hugging: also called "tired", the rope used to arrest prisoners is extended to imprisonment. "The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang": "Although in infancy, it is not a crime."
In an ancient fable, a clam opened its shell on the beach to bask in the sun, and a snipe pecked at it. Its mouth was caught by the clam shell, and neither side would give in. As a result, the fisherman came and caught both of them easily. Later, it was used to describe the stalemate between the two sides and the third party benefited from it. Or metaphorically provoke other people's contradictions and profit from them. The fish in the pool suffered: it originated from the "fire at the city gate, which affected the fish in the pool". According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, a fire broke out in Songmen, and moat water was used to put out the fire. The water was drained and the fish in the river died. Later it was used to describe the suffering of innocent people.
Please enter the urn: also known as "please enter the urn". Lai Junchen and Zhou Xing were both famous cruel officials in the period of Wu Zetian, and they liked to use all kinds of torture to extract confessions. When Zhou Xing rebelled, Wu Zetian ordered him to be interrogated. He invited Zhou Xing to drink and pretended to ask him, "What if the prisoner refuses to plead guilty?" Zhou Xing said, "What can't I do if I throw the prisoner into a big urn that is being baked on the fire?" So Lai Junchen said, "Someone is accusing you of rebellion, please go to the urn." Zhou Xing quickly kowtowed and pleaded guilty. Crime of getting off the bus and crying: also known as "Shen Yu crying crime". Liu Xiang said: "I am afraid that if I see a sinner, I will get off the bus and cry." When Yu Xia went out, he met the prisoner, got off the bus and asked, "When Yao and Shun were young, people took Yao and Shun's heart as their heart. Now people take their own heart as their heart, which is caused by my poor governance! " How can I not be sad? "Later, he used the charge of" getting out of the car and crying "to show mercy and blame himself for his loss.
Health litigation: Easy litigation: "Risk is healthy, litigation." Later, people mispronounced the words "health" and "litigation", so they called good litigation "health litigation"
Dismiss the lawsuit. Dispute settlement: to settle disputes. Frame the blame: shift the responsibility to others. Biography of Zhang Yi in Historical Records: "It is a good thing to cut Chu and benefit Liang, to lose Chu and adapt Qin, and to frame the country."
Cheng Dan: Building city walls was a punishment in Qin and Han Dynasties. Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: "If you don't burn it in 30 days, it will be a city." Garrison: Send prisoners to guard the border and make them atone. Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: "In thirty-three years, the deceased, widows and Jia people took the land of Lvliang as Guilin, Xiang Jun and Nanhai, so as to be suitable for stationing troops." Seeking the army: seeking sin and joining the army.
Three feet: also known as "three feet method". The ancient method was written on three-foot bamboo slips, so it was called "three feet". Mark: Ancient instruments of torture, such as cangue, shackles and buttons, were handcuffed to prisoners' necks, hands and feet.
Five punishments: Five punishments in ancient China. Ink: noodles. Oh: Cut off your nose. : broken foot. Palace: Men are castrated and women are claustrophobic. Great monarch: the death penalty. Laws and regulations: the main provisions of criminal law and their examples. The law is the original text of the law, and the example is a regulation or case that supplements the lack of the law. Later, the five punishments in ancient times were constantly changing. From the Sui Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, they became shackles, sticks, capital crimes, imprisonment and exile, that is, flogging, beating with sticks, beheading or hanging, hard labor and exile.
Cutting wood is an official: in ancient times, cutting wood was a prison official. According to legend, the ancient folk customs were simple, and the wooden collection was placed in the prisoner's home. When the court is in session, the prisoner takes the wood collector to the court without being arrested. Emperor Taizong's Return to Prison: In December of the sixth year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan reign (AD 652), Emperor Taizong released prisoners on death row and ordered them to return to prison to accept the death penalty next autumn. As a result, all the prisoners returned to prison on time the following autumn. Later, Emperor Taizong pardoned all the prisoners. Prisoners, release prisoners.
He Yi: He Yi. In the Tang Dynasty, Yichang county magistrate was clean and loved the people, well managed, and there were few civil lawsuits. People once sang: "Flowers fall in court, grass grows and warblers fly." Lu Huan: In the Tang Dynasty, the South China Sea was satrap, honest and clean, and the people praised it: "The whistleblower stood on the ice and walked in the mirror." Folding prison: solving the case.
The medicine stone to cure chaos, the beam meat to promote peace: Marco in the later Han Dynasty wrote in "On Politics": "The law of governing the country is to treat the body, to nurture it if it is peaceful, and to attack it if it is sick. Husband punishment can cure chaos, and moral education can be reconciled. The husband teaches the disabled with virtue, and the disease is also treated with beam meat; It is also a medicine stone to support punishment. " Cold meat means delicious food.
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