Now it is divided into three parts, one is edible fermentation, the other is pharmaceutical industry fermentation, and the third is harmless treatment and fermentation of organic fertilizer. It should all be compound bacteria.
What common foods are fermented?
Many wheaten foods are fermented with steamed bread, steamed bread and bread.
Specific examples of the application of modern fermentation technology
Specific methods of ensiling rice straw with EM bacteria;
1, material preparation. Straw or rice straw should be crushed or at least cut into small pieces or filaments as required, in which the feed for cattle, horses and mules should be chopped into 1-2 cm, and the feed for sheep and deer should be chopped into 1 cm.
2. mix. Dosage of em microbial inoculum for Nongshengle straw fermentation: 1 kg em microbial inoculum for straw fermentation, 500 kg straw fermentation. Firstly, the fermented em microbial inoculum is poured into warm water at 30-35℃ and fully mixed (cold water can be used in summer), and then water is added to mix with the prepared straw raw materials. The water content is controlled at about 65%, and the criterion for judging whether it is appropriate is to hold a handful of materials tightly with your hands and let go and form a ball when you see water between your fingers. The ratio of straw to water is about 1: 1.5. If 10% ~ 20% corn flour or bran is added, the fermentation effect will be better.
Step 3 make a pile. Pile the uniformly mixed straw or straw into a pile with a height of 40-50 cm and a random length and width, insert a thermometer, cover it with heat preservation and moisture preservation materials, and ferment.
4. Temperature control. Generally, it will ferment for 6-8 hours in summer, and it needs to ferment for 16-24 hours above room temperature 15℃ in winter. If the room temperature is below 15℃, the temperature should be raised to above 15℃ as far as possible. If the top and bottom of the pile are insulated, the fermentation will be faster.
5. Rollover. Turn it once when the temperature reaches 40℃, remember not to exceed 45℃ to prevent excessive fermentation and deterioration. The whole fermentation process should be turned 1-2 times. When the straw or straw gradually turns yellow and overflows with fragrance, it indicates that the fermentation is basically completed. At this time, the plastic film should be removed, scattered and diluted to prevent the secondary fermentation from heating up again.
In this way, after 15~30 days, silage can be opened to feed cattle and sheep. Fermented silage should be yellow-green, soft and juicy, and very delicious.
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Experimental design of traditional fermentation technology application
Classmate, sophomore, we just did this problem a few days ago ... tears streaming down our faces ~
Fruit wine: (Take wine as an example)
Experimental principle: C6H 12O6→2C2H5OH+2CO2.
Experimental materials: experimental tools: about 5 kg of grapes, sealed cans, rock sugar (optional)
Experimental steps: clean the grapes, break them, put them in a sealed jar, add rock sugar, and wait for fermentation after sealing.
Detection method: after sampling, use potassium dichromate to detect, if it is gray-green, it proves that the fermentation is successful.
Fruit vinegar: Take wine as an example.
1 experimental principle: under the condition of sufficient oxygen and glycogen, Acetobacter decomposes sugar in grape juice into acetic acid. When glycogen is deficient, Acetobacter converts ethanol into acetaldehyde, and then acetaldehyde is converted into acetic acid.
2 experimental materials 3 experimental tools moderate amount of balsamic vinegar, large bunch of grapes and honey.
Experimental steps: Wash and peel the grapes, then put them into a juicer for juice, and pour the filtered juice into a cup for fermentation.
The detection method can be tasting, or the PH value before and after detection.
fermented bean curd
According to the experimental principle of 1 Mucor, protein was decomposed into small molecular amino acids, and fat was decomposed into fatty oil.
2 experimental materials 3 experimental tools: tofu
Four experimental steps
When Trichophyton is almost propagated, put it into a clean basin and marinate it with salt (tofu 5 salt 1) with a mass ratio of about 5: 1 for about a week, so that the excess water in the tofu can be separated out and the sufu can be formed. Finally, the marinated tofu can be eaten after being soaked in more than ten degrees of wine and marinated soup for more than ten days.
5 detection method ....
What is the research level and present situation of fermentation technology in biopharmaceuticals at home and abroad?
Bio-pharmacy is a method to produce drugs by using organisms, such as producing human antibodies by using transgenic corn and expressing human α 1 antitrypsin in transgenic bovine mammary glands. The biopharmaceutical industry has broad prospects. Half of the drugs in the world are biosynthetic, which will be widely used to treat cancer, AIDS, coronary heart disease, anemia, dysplasia, diabetes and other diseases. Antibiotics used in medicine mostly come from microorganisms, such as erythromycin and clindamycin, penicillin for injection, streptomycin and gentamicin. The number of people engaged in research, development, production and management of biotechnology industry in China is only 1/4 of that in the United States. The serious shortage of talents engaged in research and development of biomedical products has become a bottleneck restricting the development of biomedical industry in China.