2 English reference leek [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
3. Summarize the leaves of leek, a perennial vegetable.
Originated in East Asia, China has a long history of cultivation and is widely distributed, especially in Northeast China.
Non-vegetables can be divided into leaves, flowers and mosaic. The leaves of Allium tuberosum are broad and soft, with few bolting, and they mainly feed on leaves. Leek leaves are short and hard, with many flowering moss, mainly stems, and flowers and leaves that are both flowers and leaves are good, accounting for the majority in China.
Because of the different leaf types, it can be divided into broad-leaved leek and thin-leaved leek. Leek leaves are broad and cold-resistant, also known as leek, which is widely planted in the north. The leaves are broad and soft, light green in color, with little fiber and excellent quality, but the fragrance is not as good as that of leek. Heat-resistant Allium tenuifolium is mainly planted in the south. The leaves are long and narrow, dark green, rich in fiber and fragrant.
Leek cultivated in greenhouse in the dark is also called leek yellow. Its roots are round and white, its leaves are light yellow and slightly earthy, and its leaves are tender and soft, but not as fragrant as leeks.
Leek, in the north, is the protagonist of jiaozi. Its color is green and its taste is rich, so it is very delicious whether it is used to make meat dishes or vegetarian dishes.
4 leek leek alias is also called aphrodisiac grass, catching yang grass, evergreen grass and rising yang grass.
The recommended consumption of leek is 50 ~ 100g each time.
6 The nutrients of leeks are rich in nutrients. Every 500g of leek contains 9.8g of protein, 2.8g of fat, 4.9g of carbohydrate/kloc-0, 5. 1 g of crude fiber, 223mg of calcium, 7.9mg of iron, 4.93mg of carotene/kloc-0, 4.2mg of nicotinic acid and 4.2mg of vitamin1866. Eating properly can not only increase nutrition, but also stimulate appetite. [References] Gao Chongxin et al. Tea spectrum of health-care soup [M]. Beijing China Forestry Press, 2004: 270.
7 The purchase of leeks It is said that Buddha Sakyamuni made a commandment forbidding all monks and nuns to eat spicy dishes such as leeks and garlic, because female nuns were unruly.
In engler classification system, Allium belongs to Liliaceae.
8 people who are suitable for eating leeks can eat leeks in the general population.
1. Leek is suitable for people with constipation, postpartum hypogalactia and cold constitution.
2. Eating more leeks will get angry, which is not easy to digest, so people with yin deficiency and fire, eye diseases and weak stomach should not eat more.
9 dietotherapy effect leek leek tastes pungent and warm, enters the stomach, liver and kidney meridians, and has the effects of warming the middle and benefiting qi, promoting blood circulation and detoxifying. It has certain auxiliary effects on traumatic injury, burping, nausea, enteritis, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematuria and chest pain. Leek can also benefit kidney yang and warm waist and knees, and treat impotence and cold pain in waist and knees. Leek should not be eaten too much at a time to avoid getting angry. Yin deficiency and internal heat, sores and sores, people with eye diseases should not eat. Chinese medicine also calls leek "the grass where the sun rises". It is believed that it has the functions of warming and nourishing liver and kidney, supporting yang and fixing essence, and can treat impotence, nocturnal emission, enuresis, leucorrhea, white turbidity, soreness and weakness of waist and knees caused by deficiency of kidney yang. People also use leeks to treat diseases in many ways. [ 1]
9. 1 chive root Xinwen; Entering the liver, stomach and kidney meridians.
Leek root has the effects of warming middle warmer, stimulating appetite, promoting qi circulation, promoting blood circulation, tonifying kidney, strengthening yang and removing blood stasis.
9. 1. 1 leek leaves are sweet, pungent and salty, warm in nature, and enter the liver, stomach and kidney meridians. Warming the middle warmer, invigorating qi, removing blood stasis and detoxicating.
9.2 Leek seeds Leek seeds are pungent, salty and warm, and enter the liver and kidney meridians. Tonifying liver and kidney, warming waist and knees, strengthening yang and solidifying essence.
9.3 Leek can tonify kidney and stomach, invigorate lung qi, dissipate blood stasis, regulate five internal organs, promote qi and blood circulation, stop sweating and stagnation, and dry hiccups.
Leek is mainly used to treat impotence, premature ejaculation, nocturnal emission, polyuria, epigastric cold pain, insufficient stomach heat, diarrhea, white turbidity, amenorrhea, leucorrhea, lumbago and leg pain, postpartum hemorrhage, etc.
9.4 Detailed explanation of the efficacy of tonifying kidney and warming yang:
Leek is warm and pungent, and has the function of tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, so it can be used to treat impotence, nocturnal emission and premature ejaculation.
Benefiting the liver and stomach:
Leek contains volatile essential oils, sulfides and other special ingredients, giving off a unique pungent smell, which is helpful to regulate liver qi, stimulate appetite and enhance digestive function.
Activating qi and regulating blood:
Amaranth is pungent in nature, has the functions of removing blood stasis and promoting blood circulation, promoting qi circulation and guiding stagnation, and is suitable for traumatic injury, nausea, enteritis, hematemesis and chest pain.
Runchang laxative:
Leek contains a lot of vitamins and crude fiber, which can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, treat constipation and prevent intestinal cancer.
10 suggestions for Chinese chives 1. Leek can be fried, mixed, used as ingredients, used as stuffing and so on.
Eating during the Spring Festival is good for the liver. The quality of leeks in early spring is the best, followed by late autumn and the worst in summer. There is a saying that "Spring vegetables smell sweet and Natsuna stinks".
3. It is not advisable to eat leeks cooked overnight.
4. The side dishes of chives and shrimps can provide high-quality protein, and the crude fiber in chives can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and keep the stool smooth.
5. If fresh leek juice is used for dietotherapy, it will be difficult to swallow because of pungent choking. You need to use 1 cup of milk to infuse 20 ~ 30g leek juice, add sugar to taste before swallowing. People with excessive stomach heat should not eat more.
1 1 National Chinese Herbal Medicine Collection Center: leek 1 1. 1 Pinyin name Jiǔ Cài i.
1 1.2 Alias of leeks: flat vegetables and leeks.
1 1.3 comes from Chinese chives. ex Spreng。 Allium plants in Liliaceae are used as whole grass. Can be used in all seasons, rarely used.
1 1.4 octyl, sweet and warm.
1 1.5 functions are mainly used for invigorating stomach, refreshing, antiperspirant and astringent. It can be used for diaphragmatic choking, nausea, spontaneous sweating and night sweats, and can be used for external treatment of traumatic injury, blood stasis, swelling and pain, and traumatic bleeding.
Usage and dosage 1 1.6 leek is eaten as a dish or with mashed juice.
1 1.7 from the national compilation of Chinese herbal medicines.
12 Chinese materia medica: leek 12. 1 originated from southern Yunnan materia medica.
12.2 Pinyin name Ji incarnation
12.3 English famous leaves of potato
12.4 Alias of leek: Fengben, Cao Zhongru, Qiyangcao, Lazy Vegetable, Changshengjiu, Yangyang Grass and Pingcai.
12.5 source: leaves of Allium tuberosum in Liliaceae.
Latin plant and animal mineral name: leek
Harvesting and storage: 1 Leaf leek leaves are harvested earlier and can be harvested in the center of 4 leaves. After root culture and fertilization, when the plant grows to 5 leaves, the second leaf is harvested. You can also harvest 56 knives continuously as needed, which is rarely used.
12.6 leek, perennial herb, 2045cm high. It has a particularly strong smell. Rhizomes procumbent, bulbs narrowly conical and clustered; Scaly skin is yellowish brown and reticular fibers. The leaves are basal, strip-shaped, flat, 1530 cm long and 1.57 mm wide. Involucre 2-lobed, shorter than inflorescence, persistent; Umbellies are clustered or spherical, with many flowers; Pedicel is 24 times that of perianth; Bracts; Flowers are white or reddish; Tepals 6, narrowly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 4.57 mm; Dragon; Filaments are United at the base and attached to the perianth, which is 4/5 of that of the perianth, showing a narrow triangular cone shape; There are thin verrucous processes on the outer wall of the ovary. Capsule has inverted heart-shaped petals. The flowering and fruiting period is July.
12.7 habitat is widely cultivated in China.
12.8 cultivation biological characteristics are cold-resistant and heat-resistant, and are widely cultivated all over the country, and the requirements for soil are not strict. The loam with deep tillage layer, rich organic matter, strong water retention and good air permeability is the most suitable. The soil is too sticky, the drainage is not smooth, the seedlings are easy to die in the rainy season, the sand is easy to be fat, and the growth is generally thin.
Cultivation techniques use seeds to propagate. Spring sowing is mostly used in the north, and autumn sowing is suitable in the south. Drill: according to the row spacing of 10cm, open a ditch with a depth of 2cm, scatter the seeds into the ditch and step on the surface of the ditch evenly. After sowing, water, keep the border surface moist, and prevent the border surface from hardening. After the seedling raising, sow according to the row spacing and plant spacing of 35cm× 10cm.
Field management of seedling stage, water control, seedling height 12 15cm squatting, to prevent excessive growth. Generally, after transplanting, it should be watered three times continuously to slow down the seedlings. After the rain, timely intertillage and weeding, ridge tillage combined with topdressing, control watering and prevent the growth of green plants.
Pests and diseases prevented botrytis cinerea from harming leaves. Spraying 20% triadimefon EC 1000 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 1000 times before onset. Spraying or irrigation with 500 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder is harmful to pseudostems, bulbs, roots, leaves and buds.
12.9 chemical composition leaves contain methylallyl disulfide, dimethyl disulfide, 2 propenyl (allyl) disulfide, kaempferol glycoside, quercetin glycoside, apigenin glycoside, isohamide, 3O sophoricoside 70β d (2' o feruloyl glucosyl) kaempferol [3 osophorosyl] 30β sophoryl 70β d (2O feruloyl). Glucose kaempferol [30β sophoryl 70βD(2 o feruloyl) glucosyl hae 3,4' dibβ d glucosyl kaempferol (3,4) 4' dibβ d glucosyl quercetin (3,4' dibβ d glucosyl quercetin) and 3β sophoryl kaempferol, levorotatory (3s) 1, 2,3. Tetrahedral β carboline 3 carboxylic acid), L tyrosine (L tyrosine), carotenoid (carotenoid), β carotene (β carotene), ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid), allicin (allicin), allicin (allicin), alanine (alanine) and glutamic acid (glutamic acid).
The whole grass contains dimethyl thiosulfinate mes (o) SME, diallyl thiosulfinate (PRS (o) SPR) and methacryloyl thiosulfinate (mess (o) PR). Methylidene sulfinate (MES (o) SPR), (Z)(E) allyl sulfinate 1 [(Zanda (e) 1 trimethylene sulfinate, (z) and (e) MES (o) sch. (E) 1 propenyl thiosulfite [(E methyl 1 propenyl thiosulfite, (emes (o) ch: chme], (z) and (e) diallyl thiosulfite [(z) and (e) diallyl thiosulfite, (z).
12. 10 Pharmacology: Squeeze and filter the leek stems when they are vigorous, and inject 0. 10.5ml/10g into mice intravenously, which may produce shock-like symptoms, even mania and spasm, and then turn to sedation, lethargy and cyanosis for half an hour. Mild hypotensive effect was observed by intravenous injection in rabbits. For isolated frog hearts, inhibition first and then excitement, a large number of them can stop the heartbeat in the expansion phase; It can slightly dilate the blood vessels of frog's lower limbs and rabbit's ears. 1% diluent has exciting effect on isolated uterus; The stock solution is still effective after heating at 100℃ for 60 minutes, but the effect is halved. The distillate obtained by steam distillation, injected subcutaneously into mice, also produces shock-like symptoms, such as mania, cyanosis and even respiratory paralysis, and death. A small amount can cause a significant decrease in peripheral red blood cells and hemoglobin in rabbits; The hemolytic concentration of red blood cells in guinea pigs was 0.060 0.007%.
12. 1 1 has a pungent taste; Sexual temperature
12. 12 meridian liver; Stomach; Kidney; Lung; Spleen meridian
12. 13 function is mainly used for tonifying kidney; Warming the middle and activating qi; Removing blood stasis; Detoxify. Treat impotence due to kidney deficiency; Abdominal pain due to internal cold; Choking diaphragm and nausea; Chest pain; Bleeding; Hematemesis; Urinating blood; Dysentery; Hemorrhoids; Carbuncle, sore, swelling and poison; Lacquer sore; Injuries caused by falls and collisions
12. 14 Administration and dosage of Chinese chives: Daozhiyin, 60120g; ; Or cook porridge, stir-fry and make soup. External use: appropriate amount, tamping; Decocting and fumigating; Perm.
12. 15 note that patients with yin deficiency and internal heat, ulcers and eye diseases should not eat.
1. Meng Wei: Don't eat hot leeks for ten days after you have a fever, it will make you sleepy.
2. "Materia Medica": Do not take it for those with insufficient stomach qi and fever.
3. "Materia Medica Yan Hui": If you eat sore poison, the more painful it is, and if it is swollen, you will eat it, which will make people turn to drama.
4. "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": Fire is full of yin deficiency, which is the most taboo.
5. "Life Taste Diet Spectrum": Malaria, domestic ulcers, measles and acne are all taboo.
12. 16 attachment ① cure chest obstruction, sudden pain in the heart, no pitching, spontaneous sweating, back pain, death or death: raw leeks or roots weigh 5 kg (washed), mash them to get juice. Pour a little, it is vomiting blood in the chest. ("Meng") 2 Treating yang deficiency, kidney cold, yang deficiency, or cold pain in the waist and knees, nocturnal emission: leek white 82, walnut kernel (peeled) 22. Stir-fried with sesame oil, eat it, and fill it in January. ("Authentic Fangmai") 3 Treatment of gastrointestinal discomfort: two or two leek juice and one glass of milk. Add half of ginger juice, mix well and serve. Warm clothes. ("Danxi Heart Method") 4 Treatment of sore throat can not be eaten: a handful of leeks, thin and cold, easy. ("Good prescription for preparing a thousand gold" for emergency treatment) ⑤ Treatment of hematemesis, hematemesis, bleeding, hematuria and other blood diseases: leek 10 kg, mashed to get juice, 5 kg of Rehmannia glutinosa (chopped) soaked in leek juice, dried, the rehmannia glutinosa is black and rotten, and the leek juice is dry; Put it in a stone mortar and pound it thousands of times. If the paste is rotten and there is no residue, it is a pill, the size of marble. Take two tablets each morning and evening, and boil the white radish. ("Authentic Fangmai") ⑤ Blood stasis in the lower intestine: It is very effective to use leek juice for cold drinks. (Zhu Zhenheng) ⑦ Treatment of allergic purpura: fresh leek 1 kg, washed, mashed and juice, 50 ml of urine for healthy children. One dose a day, taken twice. ("Selected Materials for New Medical Treatment of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Fujian Province") 8 Stop water and dysentery: leeks are used as soup porridge and decocted. Let it eat. ("Physician's Heart Mirror") 9 Cure thirst and drink more: leek seedlings eat three or five Liang a day. Or stir-fry or make a soup without salt, but it's good to eat ten pounds. Don't eat after Qingming. ("Zhenghe Materia Medica") ⑩ Treatment of hemorrhoids: there is not much leek, first burn hot soup, cover it with utensils, and leave a hole, but soak the leek in the soup and sit on it with Gu Dao to steam it; When the temperature reaches, gently wash the sores with leeks several times. ("Formula") (1 1) Treatment of postpartum blood halo: Put the leek (cut into pieces) into a bottle, filled with hot vinegar, and the bottle mouth is facing the nose. "Women's Recipe" (12) does not shrink when treating proctoptosis: give birth to a catty of leeks. Chop, fry, split in two, wrap with soft silk, iron each other, easy to cool and easy to enter. (Taiping Shenghui Prescription) (13) Treatment of bleeding from golden sore: leek juice and weathered lime are dried in the sun every day, and used as the last application every time. (Lakeside Collection and Simplified Prescription) (14) Treatment of ear juice: drop leek juice three times a day. ("Taiping Shenghui Formula") (15) Cure insects out of the ear: mash leeks and pour them into the ear. ("Prepare a good prescription for a thousand dollars in case of emergency") (16) Treating lacquer sores and itching: pestle leek leaves. ("Doumen Fang")
12. 17 Various statements 1. Carapax Trionycis: Wu Anzang, except stomach heat.
2. Tao Hongjing: Cooking crucian carp ZHA can make a profit.
3. "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": beneficial to the chest and diaphragm.
4. Notes on Materia Medica: Warming the middle and lower qi, tonifying deficiency, harmonizing viscera, making people eat it, Yiyang, stopping pus and diarrhea, and boiling it. Leaves and roots are crushed into juice, which is an antidote to mad dogs that want to bite; It can also kill snakes, slugs, scorpions and poisonous insects.
5. "Rihuazi Materia Medica": stop bleeding and diuresis, warm the waist and knees, and eat more fat and white people except chilling, chest cold, suffocation and abdominal pain. Apoplexy aphonia, heart and spleen and stomach pain, raw research clothes, snake and dog bite bad sores, tamping.
6. "Herbal Supplement": Studying cold drinks can dispel blood stasis and diaphragm, and replenish liver qi.
7. "Danxi Heart Method": If the menstrual blood is retrograde, or with blood, or vomiting blood, or vomiting blood, take it with leek juice. People who fall should drink leek juice or eat with porridge.
8. "southern Yunnan materia medica": slippery and accumulated in the stomach, or eating gold, silver and copper in the stomach.
9. Compendium of Materia Medica: Drink raw juice, breathe and breathe, and detoxify bacon. Boil juice to drink, quench thirst, night sweats, smoke pregnant women to promote blood circulation, wash intestines and hemorrhoids, and proctoptosis.
10. Guizhou folk prescription and drug collection: it can treat asthma and growling for a long time, and it can also promote menstruation and lactation.
1 1. Zhu Zhenheng: For those with heartburn, eating heat and depressed qi, it is advisable to add leek juice and platycodon grandiflorum to the medicine to benefit qi and blood. For patients with kidney-qi attack and heartache, leek juice, Wuling powder and hollow fennel soup should be used. Covering leek is impatient, which can dispel appetite and congestion. Two cups of leek juice, one cup of ginger juice and one cup of milk should be used carefully for nausea. Cover leek juice to eliminate blood, ginger juice to eliminate phlegm and stomach. Milk can relieve fever, moisten dryness and tonify deficiency.
12. Compendium of Materia Medica: Chinese chives are hot in leaves and warm in roots, with the same effect. Pungent at birth, dispersing blood, sweet at maturity, and tonifying deficiency. When you get sick, your diaphragm will choke, you will vomit immediately after meals, and your chest will sting. You can also take leek juice, add a little salt plum juice, sip it carefully, and it will be more and more, and suddenly spit a few liters. This is also Zhongjing's treatment of thoracic obstruction with Allium macrostemon, which means that Xin Wen can disperse the epigastrium, eliminate phlegm and blood.
13. "Materia Medica": Chinese chives are pungent when they are born, promote blood circulation, sweet when they are cooked, and make up for deficiency. It is also its nature to benefit the liver, dissipate stagnation and remove blood stasis. Because it is slightly sour, it enters the liver to control blood, and pungent warmth can disperse the knot. Anyone with blood stasis can. It is also a medicine for promoting blood circulation and qi circulation. Heart governs blood and specializes in regulating blood points, so it is called heart-returning, and stagnation of five internal organs will make qi and blood smooth and secure. Stomach heat refers to blood stasis in the stomach, which leads to fever. Blood stasis itself can remove heat. There are many patients who are depressed by qi, but ordinary people only benefit from qi and blood, and leeks can make up for it, so they can be eaten for a long time.
14. "Ben feng Jingyuan": leek, once said to cure diaphragmatic choking, but it is suitable for those who die in the stomach. If your stomach is weak and you choke, don't use it to avoid vomiting.
Clinical application 12. 18 leek is used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Take fresh leek, soak it in 1: 3000 potassium permanganate 1 hour, then soak it in 0.2% furacilin solution for 24 hours, take it out, rinse it with l% salt water 10 minute, juice and filter it under aseptic operation, and put it in the refrigerator for later use. When in use, the wound is routinely cleaned and coated with 12% procaine. After about 5 minutes, apply it with sterile gauze soaked in leek juice, 13 times a day. If the wound is in a place of oppression or easy to fall off, vaseline gauze can be added for dressing. For those with fistula, the wound surface should be enlarged to remove corrupt tissue, and then packed with leek juice gauze, once a day 12 times. Two cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection after burn were treated, all of which were effective.
12. 19 from Chinese materia medica
13