As an open system in nature, human body will be affected by complex pathogenic factors in nature. Therefore, it is the biggest feature of Chinese medicine treatment that it is tailored to the time, place and person.
Let's talk about time. China has the most distinctive four seasons in the world, so the changes of the four seasons have the strongest impact on human health and diseases, and the functions of human organs have the strongest response to the four seasons.
For example, pulse diagnosis is one of the most important means of TCM diagnosis. However, people's pulse conditions are obviously different due to the four seasons. Judging from the pulse wave pattern, the amplitude of the main wave is the highest in summer and the lowest in winter; The pulse in winter is faster than that in summer. According to the pulse condition of traditional Chinese medicine, spring should be a string pulse, summer a hook pulse, autumn a floating pulse and winter a camp pulse. Therefore, seasonal factors must be considered in pulse diagnosis. Because the ancients believed that if the four-hour pulse was smooth (normal pulse condition), it was easy to treat the disease because the disease was not deep; If the pulse condition is contrary to the four o'clock, generally speaking, the sinking has reached the point where it is difficult to treat or die. Judging from many physiological constants detected by modern medical laboratories, there is a great difference between winter and summer, even before and after the cold and warm fronts cross the border. This shows that the four seasons and the weather have great influence on the human body.
Another example of treating diseases according to time can be acupuncture. In traditional medicine in China, acupuncture is often used to treat diseases. Acupuncture also pays attention to the four seasons. Choose different acupoints in different seasons, that is, Chunluomai, Xiashu and Qiuhe. In winter, due to qi, the body surface tissue is slow to respond to the outside world, and the curative effect is poor. General drugs are used more than acupuncture. In acupuncture, the depth of the needle should also be "synchronized with time". It is effective to be shallow in spring and summer and deep in autumn and winter. For example, acupuncture points for treating sciatica, sudden jump and rank edge are generally only 4.5-6 cm deep in spring and summer and 7.5- 10.5 cm in autumn and winter.
Li Shizhen wrote a case of drug use in four seasons in the famous Pharmacopoeia Compendium of Materia Medica. Explain that he attaches importance to the season of medication. Neijing also pointed out that in spring, summer, long summer, autumn and winter, pungent, pungent, bitter, slightly sour and bitter cold drugs should be added respectively to conform to the qi of rising in spring, floating in summer, falling in autumn and sinking in winter, and cooperate with the qi of four seasons to support the qi of the sky.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the occurrence and development of diseases are determined by the rise and fall of pain (external cause) and human resistance (internal cause). Traditional Chinese medicine classifies the external causes of diseases as "wind, cold, dampness, heat, dryness and fire". Most of them are related to meteorological factors, such as the level of air pressure (high air pressure dominates sunny and dry, low air pressure dominates rainy and wet), and precipitation and humidity are related to dryness and dampness of traditional Chinese medicine; Temperature is related to cold, heat and fire in TCM. Wind direction and wind speed are related to the wind of traditional Chinese medicine; Sunlight is also related to dryness, fire and dampness in traditional Chinese medicine (less sunlight is easy to get wet). Therefore, there are many wind diseases in spring, many diseases in summer, many wet diseases in long summer, many dry diseases in autumn and many cold diseases in winter. Of course, due to abnormal climate and special environmental conditions, diseases in one season may also occur in another season. Therefore, Chinese medicine pays attention to dialectical treatment. Moreover, when treating diseases, Chinese medicine does not completely aim at biological pathogens, treating headaches and foot pains. Instead, it focuses on the adjustment of pathological changes (internal causes) and the elimination of symptoms caused by six qi (closely related to meteorological conditions). This is also the genius of Chinese medicine.
The deviation caused by "six evils" will cause disease. In history, the six evils in the years of long drought, long rain, great heat and extreme cold have all reached the extreme, which is the reason (external cause) of the great epidemic after the great disaster.
Chinese medicine also places special emphasis on adapting measures to local conditions. Because environmental conditions (mainly meteorological conditions) often act on the human body, the human body is constantly reacting and adapting. Some people are in good health and have adapted. Another part of the human body produces potential diseases such as deficiency syndrome. For example, in the cold north, people with yang deficiency and cold symptoms are mostly; Due to the hot climate in the south, there are many people with yin deficiency. Zhu Danxi in Yuan Dynasty and Zhang Jingyue in Ming Dynasty were both famous doctors in history, both from Zhejiang. However, because Zhu Danxi was practicing medicine in Yiwu, he was treated by southerners. He found that "the land in the south of the Yangtze River is low and weak, and the fire of damp heat causes the most diseases", so he put forward the viewpoint and treatment principle of "Yin is often insufficient and Yang is often redundant". However, Zhang Jingyue has been practicing medicine in the north, and according to the fact that most people in the north have symptoms of yang deficiency and cold, he put forward different arguments that "yang is often insufficient and yin is not surplus". The recent survey also confirmed that northerners are dirty and cold, and their constitutions are yang-deficient; Southerners have more fever and more obvious conclusion of physical deficiency.
In addition, because people in the north and the south have different constitutions, even if they suffer from the same disease, the treatment drugs should be different. Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, said: "All medicines are suitable for the ground. The surface of the south of the Yangtze River is hot and humid, and the skin is thin and crisp, so the medicine is light and economical. Guanzhong Hebei, dry land, hard skin, membrane occlusion, repeated medication. " Take exogenous cold as an example. Generally, ephedra in Jiangnan can sweat and dissipate heat for a dollar, so there is a saying in southern medical books that "ephedra is only a dollar"; To the north of the Yellow River, Ephedra needs San Qian, especially in the northeast, in order to sweat and cool down.
2. Health care in traditional Chinese medicine —— Treating winter diseases in summer and freezing autumn in spring from the perspective of harmony between man and nature, conforming to nature, that is, actively adapting to the changes of the four seasons, is the key to preventing and treating diseases, maintaining health and longevity. Here are two examples.
According to the principle of "harmony of yin and yang, adjustment in four seasons", Neijing puts forward the principle of "nourishing yang in spring and summer and nourishing yin in autumn and winter". Because the sun is the breath of spring and summer, it is easy to vent and cannot be used; In autumn and winter, when the yang hides the yin, we should pay attention to nourishing yin. In addition to all aspects of food, clothing, housing and transportation, we pay attention to "nourishing yang in spring and summer and nourishing yin in autumn and winter", and there is also an interesting method of preventing diseases and keeping in good health, that is, treating winter diseases in summer. That is, when the yang is strong in summer, it is treated to promote the yang in the body and remove the old cold in the body. Make asthma and senile tracheitis the target = _ blank & gt There will be no cold diseases such as chronic bronchitis, arthritis and stomach trouble in winter.
② In the spring and autumn season, it is necessary to "cover the spring and freeze the autumn". Chinese medicine believes that human poplin is in a state of convergence in winter to resist the cold. In spring, skin pores turn into perspiration and heat dissipation. At this time, if the clothes are suddenly reduced, it is easy to get sick when you catch cold. From the meteorological point of view (external cause), this paper further expounds the reasons why it is a transitional season and the temperature is changeable, but it will freeze in spring.
It turns out that this is because the temperature changes in spring and autumn in opposite directions, so the sign of indoor and outdoor temperature difference caused by house inertia in spring is also opposite (it is colder indoors in spring than outdoors, and the opposite in autumn). In China, it is hot in Leng Xia in winter, rising and falling rapidly in spring and autumn, and the indoor temperature changes far behind the outdoor, so the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor has reached a very significant level. In this way, if you walk indoors from the outside in the middle of spring (especially in the sunshine of Wen Wei), if you don't put on clothes in spring, you will catch cold and get sick for a long time, especially the old, the weak and the sick.
In autumn, on the other hand, you should wear less clothes when you enter the house, which is "freezing to death". In short, the room has heating in winter, and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is greater. North Renye Fang has the habit of undressing before entering the house, so as not to sweat and hurt the sun. The reason is the same.
China's theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine (including health preservation) have greatly enriched the treasure house of world medical culture; Traditional Chinese medicine and health-preserving culture caused by China's special climate have made great contributions to world civilization.
Chinese meteorological therapeutics is a subject that observes and studies the general laws of the influence of weather and climate on human health by using the theory of Chinese medicine, and discusses how to avoid climatic conditions harmful to human health, and then uses climatic conditions to prevent and treat diseases. Chinese medicine has long noticed the close relationship between meteorology and human health. For example, "Su Wen Bao Quan Ming Xing Lun" said: "People are born with the spirit of heaven and earth, and the four seasons are also successful." This paper discusses the clinical application of meteorological therapy in traditional Chinese medicine.
1 climate and incidence
1. 1 main diseases of seasonal climate Generally speaking, six evils and epidemics are related to climate. It is windy in spring, and diseases related to "wind" often occur, such as colds, wind temperature, geomantic omen and rubella. When the summer climate is hot, fever and heatstroke often occur; In autumn, the weather is tense and the climate is dry, and dryness syndrome often occurs, such as warm dryness, cool dryness and internal dryness syndrome; The cold climate in winter is prone to multiple syndromes such as wind chill and cold joint pain.
1.2 climate anomalies The main diseases are climate anomalies, including excessive or late or sometimes the occurrence of six qi. For example, it is warm and cold in spring, cold and hot in autumn, and the climate change is too sudden, such as cold and hot, which can easily lead to some kind of plague.
Climate and drugs
In the process of treating diseases, Chinese medicine attaches great importance to adopting different treatment methods in different seasons and climates. Wu Kun, a physician in the Ming Dynasty, said: "The age-related gas is biased, and the cause of the disease is that the drug must be clear about the age-related gas." The so-called "old-fashioned" means the annual climate change. The old age changes year by year, and the climate of the four seasons changes differently every year, so the therapeutic drugs cannot be contrary to the climate of the four seasons.
2. 1 guiding drug use principles "Liu Ji Da Lun" said: "On the theory that heat does not cause heat, cold does not cause cold, and I want to be not far from cold. What if it's not far from the heat? Qi Bo said, "If it is not too hot, it will not be published; if it is not too cold, it will not attack. This statement explains the general principle of selecting drugs according to different seasons. "Heat does not cause heat" means that in hot summer, if there is no cold syndrome, don't use hot drugs casually, so as not to damage body fluids and eliminate dryness syndrome; "Cold does not cause cold" means that in cold winter, if there is no excess heat syndrome, you can't use cold medicine casually, or even if there is heat syndrome, you can't use cold medicine, so as not to damage Yang Qi or give birth to other syndromes.
In addition to the principle of "heat does not cause heat" and "cold does not cause cold", the author thinks that in the long summer and autumn season, we should also pay attention to "dampness does not cause dampness" and "dryness does not cause dryness". Humidity is the main reason for the long summer, and in season, the transport and transformation function of human spleen and stomach is easily damaged, so it is not appropriate to abuse sweet, cold, tonic and greasy products at this time. Dryness is the main qi in autumn, and dryness is in season. Everything turns from glory to dryness, and human qi also converges. At this time, it is not appropriate to abuse spicy and warm products, so as not to consume body fluid and blood and accumulate more and more syndromes.
2.2 Mastering the Method of Medication "Four-time Medication Cases" in Compendium of Materia Medica says that "prosperity and decline are smooth, cold, heat and cool are the opposite, and pungent drugs, mint and Schizonepeta should be added in spring to ensure the vitality of spring; In summer, pungent drugs, such as Elsholtzia and ginger, should be added to keep the summer heat floating; Sweet and bitter drugs, such as ginseng, Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodes macrocephala, Phellodendron amurense, etc., should be added in the long summer to make the hue enter the air; In autumn, it is advisable to add sour and warm drugs, such as Radix Paeoniae Alba and Mume, to reduce the qi in autumn; It is advisable to add bitter and cold medicines, such as Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Anemarrhena asphodeloides, in winter to keep the qi machine sinking in winter, so-called nourishing heaven and earth in time. " This clearly tells us that when using drugs, we should choose the corresponding drugs according to the different characteristics of the four seasons in order to adapt to the ups and downs of the four seasons, which will definitely achieve the effect of complementing each other and getting twice the result with half the effort.
Climate and acupuncture
The change of external climate has a considerable influence on the operation of human qi and blood. "Su Wenba's Theory of Shen Zheng" said: "When the weather is warm and the sun is shining, people's blood is moist and floating, so blood is easy to diarrhea and qi is easy to run; When the weather is cold and cloudy, people will clot and cry, but they will be depressed. " This shows the influence of cold weather on qi and blood circulation. In hot weather, qi and blood are smooth and easy to run, and in cold weather, qi and blood are stagnant. This lays a theoretical foundation for us to infer the position of qi and blood circulation according to different climatic conditions and choose corresponding acupoints and acupuncture techniques.
3. 1 Acupuncture is shallow in spring and summer and deep in autumn and winter. Generally speaking, the depth of acupuncture depends on the location of acupuncture, the needs of illness and the degree of acupuncture sensation, but it also depends on the seasonal climate. The final chapter of the Soul Pivot says: "Spring is in the hair, summer is in the skin, autumn is in the meat, and winter is in the bone. Those who stab this disease should be at the right time. " "seventy difficult classics" also said: "in spring and summer, the yang is on the rise and the popularity is on the rise, so we should not take it lightly; Autumn and winter are in the air, and the popularity is also in the air. " It is believed that human qi and blood activities are related to seasonal climate. In spring and summer, the yang of nature is upward and the yang of human body tends to be shallow, so acupuncture should be shallow; In autumn and winter, the yang of nature is downward, acupuncture is solid and dense, and the yang of human body tends to be deep, so acupuncture should be deep.
3.2 It is cloudy in spring and summer, and sunny in autumn and winter. "seventy difficult classics" said: "the temperature in spring and summer causes yin, and the needle sinks in the kidney and liver at first, which leads to yin for qi; If it is cold in autumn and winter, it will cause a sun. At first, the needle will float to the heart and lungs and get angry. It means that it will cause yin in spring and summer and yang in autumn and winter. " It shows that in spring and summer, the climate is warm, the human body's yang is floating outside, and the yin is lurking inside. When acupuncture, you should first deeply stab the bones and muscles where the yin qi is, and then draw it out. In autumn and winter, the climate is cold, the human yang is dense outside, and the yin is hidden inside. When using acupuncture, you should first shallow-prick the part where the yang is in the fur, and then sink and push your hand in. This technique is the so-called seasonal acupuncture method of "taking yin to nourish yang" and "taking yang to nourish yin".
3.3 spring and summer stab wells, autumn and winter stab the OECD's "seventy-four difficulties" said: "Those who stab wells in spring, the evil is in the liver; People who are stabbed in summer are evil at heart; Those who are defeated in the late summer and the moon are evil in the spleen; Those who stab in autumn are evil in the lungs; For people who have needles in winter, the evil lies in the kidney. There are four seasons, which are spring, summer, autumn and winter. " The article also briefly puts forward the economic cooperation between pricking wells in spring and summer and pricking wells in autumn and winter. It is considered that the traffic from Jingxing to Jinglue Wushu is related to the season. Because the muscles of Jingxing point are shallow, but the muscles of Jingjie point are rich, the essence of this study is to clarify the relationship between the superficial and deep parts of human qi and blood circulation and the four seasons' cold, hot and cool. Therefore, when acupuncture, we should choose the corresponding acupoints according to the qi of the four seasons.
In addition, in clinical treatment, the disease can be reversed, and the weather conditions opposite to the disease can be used for treatment, which is the so-called "winter disease in summer". Clinically, the author used acupuncture in summer to treat some chronic diseases such as asthma and arthralgia syndrome caused by cold pathogen, and often achieved good results.
It can be seen that meteorological therapy of traditional Chinese medicine is an ancient and young subject, which needs further exploration, arrangement and development.